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Keywords = societal violence

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17 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Albinism in Tanzania: A Ritual Politics of Silence, Fear, and Subservience
by Francis Semwaza
Religions 2025, 16(7), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16070846 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 391
Abstract
Violence against people with albinism (PWAs) in Tanzania continues nearly two decades after mass media reported the first incidents in the mid-2000s. The violence is linked to organ trafficking for use in “magical rituals” that allegedly help politicians and businesspeople to succeed in [...] Read more.
Violence against people with albinism (PWAs) in Tanzania continues nearly two decades after mass media reported the first incidents in the mid-2000s. The violence is linked to organ trafficking for use in “magical rituals” that allegedly help politicians and businesspeople to succeed in their endeavors. Over time, as societal awareness grows, the attacks become increasingly clandestine and complex. PWAs themselves, the public, and gray literature frequently relate the violence to the increased political and economic activity and participation following Tanzania’s adoption of political and economic liberalization. However, scholarly research is either silent or mentions the occult practices only in passing. This paper, therefore, explores Tanzania’s institutional arrangements both driving the violence and crippling the efforts at promoting the rights and welfare of PWAs in the wake of increasing political and economic participation in the country. It discusses the ways in which violence against PWAs has evolved alongside political and economic dynamics from the time such incidents came to public attention until the present. I argue that the current approach, whereby advocacy about the rights of PWAs relies on appeasing the state, appears to perpetuate the very beliefs and practices driving the violence. The exploration makes use of first-hand experience through my participation in numerous formal and informal interactions with PWAs, internal and external meetings within the Tanzania Albinism Society (TAS), interviews, and gray literature on the subject. Full article
22 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
Intergenerational Transmission of Domestic Violence in Peruvian Families: A Qualitative Study
by Flor Vilches, Luisa Mazeyra, Andrea Quintanilla and Luis Ramos-Vargas
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070399 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 731
Abstract
Domestic violence is a public health problem that has important consequences for the physical, mental and social well-being of individuals and their families, leading to negative effects on future generations, which are exacerbated or inhibited by individual, social and cultural factors. This qualitative [...] Read more.
Domestic violence is a public health problem that has important consequences for the physical, mental and social well-being of individuals and their families, leading to negative effects on future generations, which are exacerbated or inhibited by individual, social and cultural factors. This qualitative study aimed to explore the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence in Peruvian families. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an adolescent, a mother and a grandfather from nine families. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis revealed the importance of traditional gender norms, machismo and marianismo, in intergenerational transmission. Other important subthemes in maintenance were irritability, social learning, alcohol consumption and economic dependence. On the other hand, support networks, overcoming trauma, knowing how to choose a partner, education and separation were subthemes identified as protective factors and, finally, religious beliefs were associated with contradictory effects, since they can perpetuate violence or serve as a protective factor against violence. The implications of these findings are discussed and a proposal based on the socioecological model of domestic violence is elaborated, covering the four levels: individual, relationship, community and societal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conducive Contexts and Vulnerabilities to Domestic Abuse)
14 pages, 583 KiB  
Article
Callous–Unemotional Traits and Gun Violence: The Unique Role of Maternal Hostility
by Nicholas D. Thomson, Sophie L. Kjærvik, Georgia Zacharaki, Abriana M. Gresham, Danielle M. Dick and Kostas A. Fanti
Children 2025, 12(6), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060775 - 14 Jun 2025
Viewed by 801
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Conduct Disorder (CD) involves persistent behavior violating societal norms and others’ rights. A subgroup of adolescents with CD exhibits callous–unemotional (CU) traits, which are linked to severe antisocial behavior and poorer long-term outcomes. Research suggests parenting plays an important role in the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Conduct Disorder (CD) involves persistent behavior violating societal norms and others’ rights. A subgroup of adolescents with CD exhibits callous–unemotional (CU) traits, which are linked to severe antisocial behavior and poorer long-term outcomes. Research suggests parenting plays an important role in the development of CU traits. However, few studies have explored the role of maternal and paternal parenting practices mediating the link between CU traits and violence within the same study. Methods: This study included 222 adolescents with Conduct Disorder (Mage = 15.7, 68% male) and examined whether perceived parental warmth and hostility, measured using the Quality of Parental Relationships, mediated the association between callous–unemotional (CU) traits and youth involvement in violent crime and gun violence, assessed via the Violent Crime Assessment and Gun Violence Questionnaire. Results: Double mediation models showed that only maternal hostility mediated the link between CU traits and violence, while maternal warmth and paternal parenting practices did not. Conclusions: Findings emphasize the role of maternal hostility in exacerbating violence, including gun violence, among adolescents with CD and CU traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Family Education on Children and Adolescents)
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18 pages, 4220 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Gender-Based Violence Research: Holistic Approaches to Data Collection and Analysis
by Subeksha Shrestha, Preeti Patel, Sentirenla Longchar and Aiswarya Francis Xavier
Women 2025, 5(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/women5020019 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 693
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a profound and pervasive societal issue, disproportionately affecting women across diverse settings, including homes, workplaces, and public spaces. Despite its prevalence, significant challenges impede research on GBV, particularly regarding data collection, analysis, and ethical handling. This study investigates the [...] Read more.
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a profound and pervasive societal issue, disproportionately affecting women across diverse settings, including homes, workplaces, and public spaces. Despite its prevalence, significant challenges impede research on GBV, particularly regarding data collection, analysis, and ethical handling. This study investigates the complexities inherent in GBV research, focusing on the obstacles posed by under-reporting, ethical considerations, data quality, and the need for cross-comparative standards. Using a combination of police records, web scraping, news reports, and survey data from USAID’s Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), our study examines strategies to work with sensitive GBV datasets, while maintaining data integrity. Our study advocates for improved demographic surveying and data integration methodologies that can enhance data accuracy and comparability. The findings suggest that while technological advancements, particularly generative AI and machine learning approaches, offer promising avenues for automating survey processes, reducing costs, and enhancing data collection efficiency, they present the limitations of secondary datasets, a lack of data disaggregation, and discrepancies in data coding systems, which highlight the necessity of refining global data standards. Full article
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18 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
Echoes of Violence: Intergenerational Trauma, Fear, and Political Apathy Among Zimbabwean Youth Post-2008 Electoral Violence
by Gilbert T. Zvaita and George C. Mbara
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(6), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14060327 - 25 May 2025
Viewed by 884
Abstract
Zimbabwe’s 2008 electoral violence created lasting societal impacts, yet the psychological consequences for youth, particularly through intergenerational effects, remain under-explored. This study examines how memories of this violence are transmitted to contemporary youth, including those born after 2008, and influence their political attitudes [...] Read more.
Zimbabwe’s 2008 electoral violence created lasting societal impacts, yet the psychological consequences for youth, particularly through intergenerational effects, remain under-explored. This study examines how memories of this violence are transmitted to contemporary youth, including those born after 2008, and influence their political attitudes and participation. The study employed a qualitative approach in Harare’s Mbare suburb, utilising 20 in-depth interviews and four (4) focus groups, which were analysed through a trauma-informed lens. Findings indicate that youth inherit ‘traumascapes’ from elders, which cultivate fear, silence, and political apathy. Parental warnings and experiences link activism directly to vulnerability, prompting youth to adopt disengagement or performative allegiance as survival strategies amidst structural impunity and socio-economic precarity. Unresolved, intergenerationally transmitted trauma perpetuates cycles of civic disempowerment. The study concludes that post-conflict recovery in Zimbabwe requires moving beyond institutional reforms to prioritise psychosocial healing and demands that transitional justice frameworks explicitly address these inherited psychological wounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Youth Violence and the Urban Response)
20 pages, 532 KiB  
Article
From Policy Reform to Public Reckoning: Exploring Shifts in the Reporting of Sexual-Violence-Against-Women Victimizations in the United States Between 1992 and 2021
by Jessica C. Fleming, Ashley K. Fansher and Ryan Randa
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050701 - 19 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 511
Abstract
The current literature indicates that sexual violence against women (VAW) is chronically under-reported to law enforcement due to factors such as fear of retaliation, societal stigma, and practical obstacles. Using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) incident-level data, this study examines changes in the [...] Read more.
The current literature indicates that sexual violence against women (VAW) is chronically under-reported to law enforcement due to factors such as fear of retaliation, societal stigma, and practical obstacles. Using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) incident-level data, this study examines changes in the reporting patterns of sexual VAW from 1992 to 2021. This period of focus is notable for significant and, at times, unprecedented societal shifts and legislative reforms. Our results suggest that there are three distinct time periods for sexual VAW reporting in the United States, each marked by various social and political movements. These results provide researchers and law enforcement practitioners alike with insights into the instability of shifts in the reporting of sexual VAW to the police, supporting changes in how reporting behaviors should be viewed over varying time periods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives on Violence and Sexual Harassment)
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19 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Will the Women’s Movement in Iran Grow into a National Liberation Movement?
by Nayereh Tohidi and Manijeh Daneshpour
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050272 - 29 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2323
Abstract
The Women, Life, Freedom (WLF) movement in Iran represents an existentialist and humanist liberation struggle against the country’s oppressive clerical regime. Grounded in existentialist philosophy, particularly Simone de Beauvoir’s concepts of autonomy, self-realization, and the pursuit of freedom, WLF extends beyond political reform [...] Read more.
The Women, Life, Freedom (WLF) movement in Iran represents an existentialist and humanist liberation struggle against the country’s oppressive clerical regime. Grounded in existentialist philosophy, particularly Simone de Beauvoir’s concepts of autonomy, self-realization, and the pursuit of freedom, WLF extends beyond political reform to advocate for both personal and national liberation. The movement emphasizes self-determination, bodily autonomy, and agency, rejecting imposed identities and societal constraints. With over 120 years of Iranian women’s struggles as its foundation, WLF builds on past movements, such as the One Million Signatures Campaign, which raised awareness of legal discrimination and violence against women. The movement has also been shaped by globalization and “glocal” processes, fostering cross-cultural feminist solidarity among Iranian women both inside and outside the country. These transnational feminist networks connect local, national, and global movements, strengthening advocacy efforts. A defining feature of WLF is the role of male allies. Some men, particularly as partners in solidarity, actively challenge patriarchal norms and advocate for gender equality. Their participation reflects a shared commitment to human rights, national dignity, and freedom while acknowledging the importance of gender in shaping lived experiences and struggles. Ultimately, WLF is not just a gendered struggle but a unifying force that redefines Iranian identity. By intertwining personal and societal liberation within a global framework, the movement advances a transformative vision, one that challenges oppression, reclaims agency, and aspires for a just and equitable society. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feminist Solidarity, Resistance, and Social Justice)
19 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
Ar(c)tivism and Policing: Unveiling the Theatrics of Justice and Resistance in Nigeria’s S̀r̀-Sókè Movement
by Friday Gabriel and Taiwo Afolabi
Arts 2025, 14(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts14030046 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 828
Abstract
The S̀r̀-Sókè movement, sparked by Nigeria’s 2020 #EndSARS protests, represents a pivotal stand against systemic injustice, with its Yoruba rallying cry “S̀r̀-sókè” (“Speak Up” or “Speak Louder”) capturing the collective demand [...] Read more.
The S̀r̀-Sókè movement, sparked by Nigeria’s 2020 #EndSARS protests, represents a pivotal stand against systemic injustice, with its Yoruba rallying cry “S̀r̀-sókè” (“Speak Up” or “Speak Louder”) capturing the collective demand to end police brutality, notably, by the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS). This study employs Digital Artivism as its theoretical lens to investigate the fusion of art and activism within the movement, analyzing how creative and performative expressions amplified its message and mobilized diverse populations. Applying Feldman’s Model of Art Criticism, it dissects the theatrical elements of selected protest artworks, revealing their role in inciting resistance and fostering solidarity in the pursuit of justice. By situating S̀r̀-Sókè within global discourses on art and social justice, this research underscores its significance as a model of artivism’s power to challenge oppressive systems and inspire collective action. The critique of these artworks illustrates their lasting influence on Nigeria’s socio-political landscape and their resonance with worldwide struggles against systemic violence and inequality. Highlighting the transformative potential of theatrical activism, this study advances understanding of how digital artivism can unite voices, elevate causes, and drive societal change. Full article
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20 pages, 326 KiB  
Article
Preventing Gender-Based Violence: Portuguese Youth Perspectives on Primary Prevention Programs
by Camila Iglesias, Raquel Rodrigues, Ana Guerreiro, Cátia Pontedeira and Maria José Magalhães
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(4), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040244 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pressing societal issue that requires urgent attention. Although there have been efforts to implement GBV prevention programs in Portugal, research assessing their long-term impact on young people is notably scarce. This study seeks to address this gap by [...] Read more.
Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pressing societal issue that requires urgent attention. Although there have been efforts to implement GBV prevention programs in Portugal, research assessing their long-term impact on young people is notably scarce. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the perceptions and experiences of young individuals involved in these programs. The research captures a comprehensive view of the participants’ perspectives through in-depth interviews. The findings reveal personal and interpersonal effects from participation in GBV prevention initiatives. They highlight the necessity for such programs to commence in early childhood to maximize their effectiveness and societal impact over time. Moreover, the research indicates that these initiatives influence youth’s personal development, relationships, career aspirations and professional choices. Consequently, this study advocates for the broader implementation of holistic GBV prevention programs in educational settings and calls for further investigation into their long-lasting outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of adopting a holistic, structured, and interactive approach to primary prevention, ultimately empowering future generations and creating a safer society for all. Full article
10 pages, 179 KiB  
Article
Political Polarization and Christian Nationalism in Our Pews
by Amanda Henderson
Religions 2025, 16(4), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040507 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1415
Abstract
Congregational leaders in the US must navigate a political landscape marked by increasing political polarization and a notable rise in support for ideas aligned with Christian nationalism. While gender, race, ethnicity, and religious affiliation have long shaped political lines, the US population has [...] Read more.
Congregational leaders in the US must navigate a political landscape marked by increasing political polarization and a notable rise in support for ideas aligned with Christian nationalism. While gender, race, ethnicity, and religious affiliation have long shaped political lines, the US population has steadily become more entrenched in partisan political divides. Recent research shows the relationship between religious identity and willingness to use violence to support political and religious ideologies. These trends profoundly affect faith communities, challenging theological perspectives, social dynamics, and civic engagement. This paper examines how political polarization and Christian nationalist impulses within mainline Christian congregations impact congregational leadership. This study identifies key factors driving these changes through qualitative analysis of case studies and quantitative research. It explores their implications for community cohesion and the broader societal fabric. The findings suggest that while some communities experience heightened internal conflict and fragmentation, others adapt by engaging in dialogue, story-sharing, and education. The paper concludes with recommendations to counter political polarization and ideological extremism through increased understanding, nuanced theological reflection, and political awareness. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on congregational leadership and political engagement, highlighting the need for nuanced strategies to address the challenges of political polarization and Christian nationalism in the US today. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Congregational Engagement and Leadership)
12 pages, 825 KiB  
Article
Tracking Interpersonal Violence: A 13-Year Review of Cases in a Referral Hospital (2009–2022)
by Andrés Santiago-Sáez, Montserrat Lázaro del Nogal, Patricia Villavicencio Carrillo, María Teresa Martín Acero, Cesáreo Fernández Alonso and Raquel Lana Soto
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(4), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040607 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 407
Abstract
Interpersonal violence involves intentional physical harm or force with psychological effects, influenced by interpersonal and societal factors. Health systems play a vital role in detecting and addressing such violence, requiring improved training and surveillance. Our hospital established a registry of suspected violence cases [...] Read more.
Interpersonal violence involves intentional physical harm or force with psychological effects, influenced by interpersonal and societal factors. Health systems play a vital role in detecting and addressing such violence, requiring improved training and surveillance. Our hospital established a registry of suspected violence cases reported by healthcare professionals to enhance understanding, prevention strategies, and recognition of violence types and risk factors. Since 2009, all admitted patients suspected of experiencing violence were included, regardless of age or gender. Data from 2009 to 2022 covered demographics, violence details, medical interventions, and legal actions. Among 1284 patients, 83.4% were seen in the emergency department, with women comprising 80.8%, and with a mean age of 33.19 years. Reports of violence rose from 1.9% in 2009 to 16.9% in 2022. Risk factors included pregnancy [5.6%], age below 18 or over 80 [18.9%], disability [10.2%], and psychiatric conditions [11.3%]. Perpetrators were known in 56.8% of cases, mainly intimate partners [25.2%], with 29.4% of victims living with the aggressor. Doctors were primary reporters, and injury reports were issued in 65.5% of cases. Violence types included physical [44.5%], sexual [22.4%], psychological [13.3%], and economic [12.5%], with 36.3% of cases involving multiple types. Routine hospital screening and trained staff can improve victim support and enable injury prevention programs. Full article
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8 pages, 171 KiB  
Brief Report
“They Knew Something Was Different About Me, They Date Raped Me”: A Pilot Study on the Sexual Victimization Experiences of Adolescents and Young Adults with Differences of Sex Development/Intersex Variations
by Briahna Yuodsnukis, Adam Davies, Navy C. Spiecker, Jaclyn L. Papadakis, Katharine B. Dalke, Diane Chen and Tim C. van de Grift
Sexes 2025, 6(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes6020014 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 504
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities experience an increased risk for sexual victimization. Because these rates are reported in aggregate, little is known about the unique experiences of sexual violence among individuals with differences of sex development/intersex variations (DSD/I). The purpose of this [...] Read more.
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities experience an increased risk for sexual victimization. Because these rates are reported in aggregate, little is known about the unique experiences of sexual violence among individuals with differences of sex development/intersex variations (DSD/I). The purpose of this study is to describe the experiences of sexual victimization in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with DSD/I as part of a larger qualitative study exploring experiences of minority stress, stigma, and resilience. Participants were recruited through multidisciplinary care clinics and DSD/I support groups in the United States and the Netherlands. Data on sexual experiences and sexual health were analyzed thematically, with a specific focus on reports of sexual victimization. Of the 20 participants, 25% reported experiences of sexual violence. Experiences were reported across gender identities and DSD/I diagnoses. Participants described experiences as (a) resulting from DSD/I, (b) exacerbated by DSD/I, or (c) healthcare practices experienced as sexual violence. Medicalization, early loss of (bodily) autonomy, and cisgender heteronormative reproductive societal norms were reported as possible factors associated with sexual victimization experiences. The sexual victimization of individuals with DSD/I appears prevalent and associated with specific risk factors and, therefore, deserves clinical and scientific attention. Full article
18 pages, 716 KiB  
Review
Men in Mental Health: A Scoping Review of Challenges, Contributions, and Future Possibilities of Recruiting into Nursing
by Natasha Reedy, Trish Luyke, Rowena McGregor, Rachel King, Rhonda Dawson, Brendon Robinson and Daniel Terry
Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15030097 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1346
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Historically, male nurses were predominant in mental health settings due to their perceived physical strength and ability to manage violent patients. However, societal changes and the evolution of nursing education have led to a decline in male participation. This study aims to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Historically, male nurses were predominant in mental health settings due to their perceived physical strength and ability to manage violent patients. However, societal changes and the evolution of nursing education have led to a decline in male participation. This study aims to explore the characteristics, qualities, and attributes of male mental health nurses, while aiming to identify factors that attract and retain, as well as that deter, men in this field, to inform male recruitment and retention strategies to grow the mental health nursing workforce. Methods: A scoping review was conducted across six databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest. The focus was on studies from 1970 to 2024. Screening and selection of studies were based on eligibility criteria. Narrative synthesis was conducted, and the study follows the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews checklist. Results: Limited research exists on male mental health nurses. The data highlight the unique contributions of male nurses, including their resilience, teamwork, and emotional competence. They also identify challenges such as workplace violence, stigma, and lack of career development opportunities. The literature suggests that targeted recruitment strategies and supportive work environments are essential to increase the number of male mental health nurses and address the nursing shortage in this specialty. Positive academic experiences and professional development opportunities are crucial for retaining male nurses. Conclusions: Addressing stigma associated with mental health nursing is needed, starting with a positive public health education campaign. Addressing workplace violence needs to stem from improved organisational procedures that promote the safety and wellbeing of nurses and clients, combined with de-escalation education and training; mentoring are vital to improving attraction, job satisfaction, and the retention of male nurses. By understanding these factors, health care organisations can better support male mental health nurses and enhance the overall quality of mental health care. Full article
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14 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Sexual Violence Against Men: Impacts on Individual Victims, Significant Others, and the Community in the Eastern Region of Congo
by Ines Yagi
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(3), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14030146 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 905
Abstract
Conflict-related sexual violence remains a systematic tool employed in warfare and terrorism to undermine communities, as recognized by the UN Security Council in Resolutions 1820 (2008) and 2242 (2015). Sexual violence has been a persistent issue throughout the history of conflict, war, and [...] Read more.
Conflict-related sexual violence remains a systematic tool employed in warfare and terrorism to undermine communities, as recognized by the UN Security Council in Resolutions 1820 (2008) and 2242 (2015). Sexual violence has been a persistent issue throughout the history of conflict, war, and human existence. However, the victimization of men and boys remains insufficiently acknowledged and reported. This under-recognition can be attributed to several factors, such as societal stigma, the topic’s sensitive nature, prevailing stereotypes, and cultural influences. Male sexual violence is recognized as a critical public health concern because of its profound, immediate, and lasting effects on the victims, their loved ones, the community, and society at large. This paper examines the social and relational consequences of such violence on the individual victims, their significant others, and the wider society. The analysis will draw upon data gathered from the author’s doctoral thesis conducted in the Eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2021, as well as recent research on this critical issue to enrich the discussion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Rape and Sexual Violence on the Relationships of Survivors)
34 pages, 869 KiB  
Review
Perspective to Practice: Theoretical Frameworks Explaining Intergenerational Trauma, Violence, and Maltreatment and Implications for the Therapeutic Response
by Crysta Bowe, Cate Thomas and Patricia Mackey
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(3), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030321 - 21 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5783
Abstract
Intergenerational trauma, violence, and maltreatment, in which symptoms or experiences of an ancestor’s trauma repeat or otherwise manifest in subsequent generations, presents a weighty societal challenge to which a multiplicity of therapeutic intervention strategies have been applied. Theoretical perspectives are antecedent to clinical [...] Read more.
Intergenerational trauma, violence, and maltreatment, in which symptoms or experiences of an ancestor’s trauma repeat or otherwise manifest in subsequent generations, presents a weighty societal challenge to which a multiplicity of therapeutic intervention strategies have been applied. Theoretical perspectives are antecedent to clinical and social intervention, informing decisions in both policy and practice. However, these frequently remain subliminal or imperceptible in the discourse, resulting in interventions that remain somewhat dislocated from their theoretical foundations. This narrative review seeks to summarize and discuss each of these theories as they apply to intergenerational trauma, violence, and maltreatment, and to reveal their potential association with specific intervention models or approaches. It positions flexibility between theories and the integration of theories as opportunities to reach new and enhanced understandings and to engender distinctive therapeutic interventions. An enriched understanding of the theories explaining intergenerational trauma, violence, and maltreatment, a deeper appreciation for the pertinence of theory for practice, and an incitement to blend theoretical perspectives in unique ways is, herewith, reached. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)
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