Search Results (37)

Rose hips are rich in polyphenols, making them a promising ingredient for the development of functional fruit-based beverages. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) extraction treatment on rose hip (RH) pulp to enhance the extraction of polyphenols, carotenoids, and volatile compounds. Additionally, this study examined the impact of adding rose hip berries during different stages of carbohydrate fermentation on the resulting phenolic and aroma profiles. A control wort and four experimental formulations were prepared. Rose hip pulp—treated or untreated with PEF—was added either during fermentation or beforehand, and the volatiles produced were analyzed using GC-MS (in triplicate). Fermentation was carried out over 10 days at 20 °C using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii. At a 10:1 ratio, all beverage samples were subjected to physicochemical testing and HPLC analysis for polyphenols, organic acids, and carotenoids, as well as GC-MS analysis for aroma compounds. The results demonstrated that the use of PEF-treated rose hips significantly improved phenolic compound extraction. Moreover, the PEF treatment enhanced the aroma profile of the beverage, contributing to a more complex and appealing sensory experience. This research highlights the rich polyphenol content of rose hips and the potential of PEF-treated fruit as a natural ingredient to improve both the functional and sensory qualities of fruit-based beverages. Their application opens new possibilities for the development of innovative, health-promoting drinks in the brewing industry. Full article

Growing interest in sustainable functional food ingredients has accelerated the search for green extraction methods for bioactive compounds. This study systematically evaluates the use of three emerging green solvents, namely γ-valerolactone (GVL), Cyrene™, and ethyl lactate (EL), as alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting phenolic antioxidants from rose hip (Rosa canina L.) fruit. Using maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), we compared extraction efficiency, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity across various solvent systems and techniques. Our results demonstrate that MAE consistently provided the highest extraction yields and phenolic recovery, particularly when using ethanol or ethanol/green solvent mixtures. While pure green solvents showed lower extraction efficiency than ethanol, certain binary mixtures, especially GVL with ethanol, delivered promising results both in phenolic yield and antioxidant activity, without significant interference in standard assays. Additionally, while Cyrene™ consistently yielded low extraction efficiencies and low levels of phenolic compounds, its extracts were unique in exhibiting selectivity and stimulated fibroblast migration in vitro, suggesting additional functional benefits for health applications. Overall, our findings support the practical use of selected green solvents in sustainable extraction protocols for food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. Full article

With the rising incidence of drug-resistant pathogens, focus should be placed on biologically active compounds derived from plant species used in herbal medicine, as these compounds may provide a new source of antifungal and antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts from different parts of Rosa rugosa. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of R. rugosa rose hips, flowers, petals, leaves, stems, and roots, a laboratory microbiological test was performed using the well diffusion method in agar. A rotary evaporator was used for extract concentration and extractant removal. Antimicrobial activity was tested against one fungus, four Gram-positive, and four Gram-negative bacteria. The leaf extracts exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, followed by the extracts from the petals and rose hips, while weaker activity was observed in the root extracts. The extracts from the stems and rose hips showed the weakest effect. Ethanol extracts were more effective than water extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. rugosa parts demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with ethanol extracts proving to be more effective. Among all the R. rugosa parts analyzed, the petals exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. Full article

Scalmalloy^® is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy designed for the additive manufacturing of components used in various industrial applications. It is primarily used in aerospace and automotive fields due to its low density and high strength. The present brief review aims to outline the state-of-the-art heat treatments currently applied on the as-built Scalmalloy^®. The as-built alloy shows yield strength values of 256–278 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 349–350 MPa, and elongation of 19.0–20.0% due to its bimodal microstructure, which is formed by fine and coarse grain zones. These microstructural features lead to an isotropic behaviour of the mechanical properties. Varying the process parameters, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can reach values higher than 300 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively, maintaining an isotropic behaviour. After direct aging heat treatment (325 °C × 4 h), the yield and ultimate tensile strength values increase up to 456–469 MPa and 512–521 MPa, respectively, while the strain decreases to 12.0–13.0% due to phase precipitation in the α-Al matrix. Notably, the bimodal microstructure remains largely unchanged. The HIP treatment, carried out at 325 °C × 4 h with a pressure of 1000 bar, reduced the porosity (approximatively 0.18%), resulting in further improvements. The yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength rose to 482–493 MPa and 523–547 MPa, respectively. Full article

Although they have been extensively studied in many species of the genus Rosa L., garden roses’ hips have largely been overlooked. To investigate their potential use in the food industry, this study evaluated five cultivars from ‘Aurora’ collection: ‘Purple Aurora’, ‘Berry Bush Aurora’, ‘Aromatic Aurora’, ‘Butterfly Aurora’, and ‘Rugose White Aurora’. Morphological characterization, along with the assessment of the phenolic profile, vitamin C levels, and biological activities—including antioxidant and neuroprotective effects—was conducted. The fruit mass reached 5.15 g, while the mesocarp mass ranged from 3 to 4 g, resulting in a mesocarp-to-fruit ratio of over 75%. The total phenolic content ranged from 37.1 to 63.9 mg GAE/g de, while total flavonoids were present in amounts from 0.85 to 2.14 mg QE/g de. Rosehip extracts from four out of five cultivars exhibited a very high vitamin C content, reaching 2384 µg/g fw. Quinic acid and 31 phenolic compounds were found in the rosehip extract of at least one cultivar. Results indicated ‘Aurora’ rosehips have potent antioxidant properties and a moderate inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, highlighting their potential as a source of functional food. Additional research is needed to fully leverage these benefits and establish garden rosehips as a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Full article

Background/Objectives: In recent years, there has been a widespread focus on implementing technology in total hip arthroplasty (THA) to further improve precision and outcomes. This study aimed to identify recent trends in the utilization, clinical variables, and rate of adverse events for technology-assisted THA (TA-THA) and compare the outcomes to those of conventional THA. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis of the ACS-NSQIP database queried data on THA patients (CPT 27130) from 2015 to 2020. Technology assistance was identified with CPT 20985, 0054T, and 0055T. Matched cohorts were created to compare clinical comorbidities and adverse events. Results: This analysis included 219,216 conventional THAs and 2258 cases utilizing TA-THA. The number and percentage of surgeries utilizing technology, as well as the average operative time, consistently rose from 2015 to 2019, with all declining in 2020. Length of stay decreased yearly from 2015 to 2019, with an increase in 2020. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events by year. Matched cohort analysis demonstrated that TA-THA led to longer operative times (102.6 ± 35.6 vs. 91.6 ± 37.4 min, p < 0.001) and a shorter average length of stay (1.6 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.9 days, p < 0.001). Transfusion rates were higher in the TA-THA cohort (6.0% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.013). Conclusions: The usage of TA-THA increased from 2015 to 2019, with declines during 2020. TA-THA led to longer operative times, increased transfusion rates, and no difference in the incidence of adverse events compared to conventional arthroplasty. These findings demonstrate that TA-THA is growing in popularity without a significant improvement in short-term complication rates. Full article

Background/Objectives: Tendinopathy of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons is a primary source of lateral hip pain, ranging from interstitial and partial-thickness tears to complete tears. Treatments include muscle transfers, Achilles tendon allograft procedures, and primary repairs with allografts. This study evaluated the one-year outcomes of gluteus medius and minimus reconstruction using an open double-row technique with a partial tensor fasciae latae transfer for severe Trendelenburg post-total hip arthroplasty. Methods: A prospective study involving eight patients who underwent surgery from April to December 2023 was conducted. The surgery involved an open technique with double-row suture reinforcement and tensor fasciae latae autograft. Outcomes were measured using strength, the Harris Hip Score (HHS), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Hip Outcome Tool (HOT), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Follow-ups occurred at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Results: At an average follow-up of 7.17 months, significant improvements in both hip function and quality of life were observed. The SF-12 quality of life score increased from 27 preoperatively to 34 by month 12. Hip functionality, as measured by the HHS, showed a marked improvement from 48 to 94 points, particularly after six months. The HOT score for hip functionality rose by 23 points by the third month, reaching an average of 86 points. Similarly, the iHOT score increased from 20 to 83 points starting at month 3, reflecting substantial improvements in hip function. Statistically significant improvements were noted at as early as month 3 (p = 0.02), with highly significant gains by month 6 (p < 0.01), which remained stable through month 12 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Reconstruction of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons using an open double-row technique with a partial tensor fasciae latae transfer significantly enhances hip function and quality of life. Over an average follow-up period of 7.17 months, patients experienced notable improvements. This technique is an effective option for treating lateral hip pain due to tendinopathy. Full article

Background: Since the turn of the century, the age-adjusted incidence of proximal femoral fractures has caused a plateau or fall. However, it was anticipated that the number of patients with proximal femoral fractures would rise as life expectancy rose and the population over 80 years old expanded. The aim of this study was to compare the length of hospital stay, complication rate, and mortality in patients with proximal femoral fractures between two different time periods: 20 years ago and the present. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients aged 65 years and above who underwent surgery for proximal femoral fractures between January 2000 and December 2001 and between January 2020 and December 2021. We collected information on age, gender, fracture type, length of hospital stay, and complication rate. Dates of death were obtained from the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. Results: We included 136 patients who were operated on between 2000 and 2001 and 134 patients between 2020 and 2021. The average age increased significantly from 71.6 years to 79.0 years (p < 0.001). The length of hospital stay decreased dramatically from 15.1 days to 6.0 days (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in delirium, urinary tract infection, or pneumonia. No difference was found in 30-day or 1-year mortality between the two groups. Conclusions: The complication rate and mortality between the two time periods appeared comparable, although the length of hospital stay decreased substantially. Therefore, we recommend considering expedited discharge from the acute care hospital for elderly hip fracture patients while implementing an individualized approach for better outcomes. Full article

Background: Fragility-related pertrochanteric fractures have become a significant public health concern, with a rising incidence attributed to the expanding elderly demographic. Assessing patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mortality, and factors correlated with them serves as a crucial metric in evaluating the effectiveness of hip fracture surgery. Methods: In a single-center retrospective study, 259 patients underwent surgical treatment with a cephalomedullary nail, with a mean follow-up of 21.7 months. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using SF-12 (12-item Short Form) and EQ-5D (EuroQoL-5 Dimensions) questionnaires. Mobility status was measured by the Crude Mobility Index (CMI). Surveys were administered during hospitalization and six months postoperatively. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, non-parametric controls (Kendall, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon), and Spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis, which were conducted using IBM SPSS version 28. Results: A statistically significant decrease was observed in the mean EQ-5D and SF-12 scores at 6 months post-op compared to the pre-fracture status. The ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) score showed a significant correlation with the decrease in HRQoL measured by the SF-12 questionnaire. The 30-day post-operative mortality rate was 9.3%, increasing to 32.4% at 1 year. Notably, the 30-day mortality significantly rose during the pandemic era (5.0% vs. 12.0%; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Pertrochanteric hip fractures cause a lasting decline in quality of life. Annual mortality is high, and further investigations are needed to formulate policies that prevent hip fractures and reduce mortality rates. Full article

Cold-pressed oils from non-typical materials, such as wild rose and sea buckthorn, should meet certain requirements to be approved for consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential and selected quality parameters with particular emphasis on oxidative stability of two commercially available cold-pressed oils: rose hip oil and sea buckthorn oil. The fatty acid composition, including nutritional indexes (polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio PUFA/SFA; atherogenicity index IA is as follows: hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index HH; health-promoting index HPI), positional distribution of fatty acids, melting profile and oxidative stability were analyzed. The tested oils were characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, which were mainly represented by oleic and linoleic acids. In the case of one of the analyzed rosehip oil oils (R1), α-linolenic acid was also found at the level of 26%, which contributed to obtaining the recommended ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. The lowest value of IA and the highest values of HH and HPI were also recorded for R1 rosehip oil. This oil was also characterized by the highest resistance to oxidation, as indicated by induction times measured at various temperatures. The distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols molecules in the analyzed oils was typical for vegetable oils. In the case of tested oils, similar melting profiles with endothermic peaks recorded at negative temperatures, which resulted from the presence of triacylglycerol fractions with a high proportion of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, were observed. Full article

Nowadays, research on plant extracts has attracted increasing interest. The aim of this study was to compare phenolic profile, vitamin C, and carotenoid content, as well as the biological activities of five different rose species, including Rosa canina, R. corymbifera, R. micrantha, R. rubiginosa, and R. rugosa. These species had different morphological characteristics, with R. rugosa showing higher size of flower petals and higher weight of hips. The highest vitamin C content was found in hip extracts of R. rubiginosa and R. rugosa, which also showed the highest carotenoid amount. R. corymbifera showed the highest phenolic content. No significant antimicrobial activity of extracts containing phenolic compounds against different indicator strains could be detected. Cell monolayer integrity was not affected by treatments with the above-mentioned extracts of R. canina, R. micrantha, and R. rugosa at different concentrations for up to 24 h, while those of R. rubiginosa and R. corymbifera affected intestinal permeability at the highest concentration tested. The partial least squares regression analysis generated a predictive model correlating phenolic compounds with cell monolayer integrity, suggesting a relevant role for catechin, quercitrin, and p-coumaric acid. In conclusion, this study highlights how rose hips belonging to different species can have a diverse phenolic profile, differently influencing intestinal monolayer integrity. Full article

This study aimed to determine the content and composition of bioactive compounds in autochthonous rose hips (R. pendulina, R. spinosissima, and R. gallica) and to compare them with the content of bioactive compounds in some cultivars (‘Harstad’, ‘Bourgogne’, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘Poppius’, ‘Fruhlingsduft’, ‘Single Cherry’, ‘Fruhlingsmorgen’, ‘Violacea’, and ‘Splendens’) derived from these main species. Due to insufficient information on how bioactive compound content changes when crossing roses, this study also sought to ascertain whether modern rose hip cultivars are still a sufficiently rich source of bioactive compounds and could, therefore, be potentially used as a functional food. All material was collected in the Arboretum Volčji Potok (Slovenia). The ascorbic acid content was highest in the ‘Harstad’ cultivar (12.79 g/kg FW), and the total organic acid content varied from 1.57 g/kg FW (R. spinosissima) to 34.39 g/kg FW (‘Harstad’). Of all the carotenoids analyzed, only lycopene and β-carotene were present in all the samples. The total carotenoid content was highest in the ‘Fruhlingsmorgen’ cultivar (100.84 mg/kg FW), derived from R. spinosissima, and lowest in the main species, R. spinosissima (9.26 mg/kg FW). It can be concluded, therefore, that the content of bioactive compounds in rose hips of modern cultivars is generally lower than in rose hips of old cultivars and original species included in this study. The research results confirm that modern breeding strategies are mainly focused on goals such as abundant flowering and resistance to diseases and pests and not so much on the content of bioactive compounds. Full article

Our research aimed to investigate the primary and secondary metabolites of rosehips and petals of R. gallica in comparison with R. subcanina. R. gallica was chosen because it is still unexplored in terms of various bioactive substances and is strongly present in Slovenia. Given that roses are generally very variable and unstudied, our research will contribute to greater transparency and knowledge of the bioactive composition of rosehips and petals. We found a strong positive correlation between the total content of phenolics and ascorbic acid, between the total content of organic acids and the total content of carotenoids, and between the total content of sugars and the total content of organic acids. Hips of R. gallica contained higher amounts of sugars, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids than R. subcanina. Based on the composition of phenolic compounds in the petals, it is possible to distinguish between the two species. Among all the phenolic compounds in the petals, both genotypes are richest in gallotannins, followed by flavonols. Among anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside was determined, the content of which was also higher in R. gallica. It can be concluded that the studied hips had an extremely low sugar content and, consequently, an extremely high organic acid content. The content of carotenoids in hips was in the lower range of the average content compared to data from the literature. By optimizing the harvesting time, we could obtain a higher content of carotenoids, which could potentially be used for industrial purposes. However, we found that the analyzed petals were a rich source of phenolic compounds, which benefit the human body and could be potentially used in the food and cosmetic industries. Full article

Roses are important plants, and they are cultivated worldwide for their beautiful flowers, remarkable scent, and nutritious hips. In this study, we re-sequenced the whole genomes of 57 rose cultivars and one wild species that originated from different regions around the world and had different scents, aiming to evaluate their genetic structure and to detect the potential signature of the selective sweep between different scent groups with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and indel markers. The roses were sequenced at an average depth of 6× to the reference genome of Rosa ‘Old blush’. A total of 2,375,949 SNPs were obtained. The SNP numbers varied among the 58 samples, with an average of 1,271,906 per sample. The phylogeny and population structure revealed that the roses could be divided into three main clusters; however, the groups were not consistent in terms of geographic origin or scent classification. These indicated that rose cultivars have a complex genetic background due to the extensive hybridization between cultivated roses or wild rosa species worldwide. A selective sweep analysis was conducted to detect the selection signatures in rose scent traits. A total of 2430 candidate genes were identified in the strong scent groups, and were at the top 5% F_ST compared to the moderate group. These genes were significantly enriched in the KEGG pathways of tyrosine metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism (13 genes), and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (30 genes). When the low-scent group was used as the control, 2604 candidate genes were identified at the top 5% F_ST that were significantly enriched in the KEGG pathways of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism (15 genes), and glutathione metabolism (23 genes). We also observed genes enriched in pathways including the linoleic acid metabolism (five genes), diterpenoid biosynthesis (six genes), and monoterpenoid biosynthesis (seven genes), although they were not significant. These implied a positive selection of rose cultivars with a strong fragrance in terms of fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids during rose breeding. Our study establishes a foundation for the further large-scale characterization of rose germplasm, improving the genetic knowledge of the background of roses. Full article

The genus Rosa is very extensive and variable, so it remains very unpredictable and uninvestigated. This also holds true for values of secondary metabolites in rose hips, which are important for several purposes (human diet, protection of plants against pests, etc.). The aim of our study was to determine the content of phenolic compounds in the hips of R. × R. glauca, R. corymbifera, R. gallica and R. subcanina, which grow wild in nature in southwestern Slovenia. We examined the content of phenolic compounds in different parts of rose hips, in the flesh with skin and in the seeds, depending on the individual species, over a period of two years, 2020 and 2021. We also considered the influence of environmental conditions on the content of the mentioned compounds. In both years, the content of phenolic compounds was higher in the flesh with skin than in the seeds. Considering the total content of phenolic compounds in the flesh with skin, R. gallica stands out (15,767.21 mg/kg FW), but the hips of this species accumulated the lowest number of different phenolic compounds. The lowest content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was found in R. corymbifera, in the year 2021 (3501.38 mg/kg FW). The content of TPC (in both observed years) in the seeds varied between 1263.08 mg/kg FW (R. subcanina) and 3247.89 mg/kg FW (R. × R. glauca). Among the anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside was determined, which was predominant in R. gallica (28.78 mg/kg FW), and at least was determined in R. subcanina (1.13 mg/kg FW). When comparing the two years of the period (2020–2021), we found that 2021 was more favorable for the formation of phenolic compounds in the seeds, but 2020 in the flesh with skin. Full article