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23 pages, 7930 KiB  
Article
The Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of a Chaetopterus Symbiont Community in Djibouti, with Redescription of Chaetopterus djiboutiensis Gravier, 1906 Stat. Nov. (Annelida: Chaetopteridae)
by Shannon D. Brown, Tullia I. Terraneo, Jenna M. Moore, Gustav Paulay, Kristine N. White, Michael L. Berumen and Francesca Benzoni
Diversity 2025, 17(5), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17050366 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 507
Abstract
The tubes of polychaetes of the genus Chaetopterus (Annelida: Chaetopteridae) provide habitat for cryptic, symbiotic organisms that are often overlooked when examining diversity. Our study employed molecular phylogenetics to examine the diversity of symbiont species associated with Chaetopterus djiboutiensis stat. nov., collected from [...] Read more.
The tubes of polychaetes of the genus Chaetopterus (Annelida: Chaetopteridae) provide habitat for cryptic, symbiotic organisms that are often overlooked when examining diversity. Our study employed molecular phylogenetics to examine the diversity of symbiont species associated with Chaetopterus djiboutiensis stat. nov., collected from the Gulf of Tadjoura, Djibouti. A total of 15 Chaetopterus hosts and their associated symbionts were collected from nine coastal sites. Four genetic regions were targeted for PCR amplification: the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA and the nuclear 18S rDNA and Histone H3. Chaetopterus djiboutiensis was redescribed from topotypic material and elevated to species rank, and a neotype specimen was designated. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis confirmed five species associated with C. djiboutiensis in Djibouti: two porcelain crabs, Polyonyx pedalis and Polyonyx socialis; one nudibranch, Tenellia chaetopterana; one fish, Onuxodon sp.; and one amphipod, Leucothoe sp. A. As only the fourth comprehensive study on Chaetopterus symbionts, our study highlights the diversity and community patterns of symbionts associated with these unique tubicolous marine polychaetes. Full article
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15 pages, 7339 KiB  
Article
A New Record and Three Redescriptions of Rissoinidae from China’s Hainan Island, with the First Presentation of Two Mitochondrial Genomes in the Family Rissoinidae
by Lu Qi, Lingfeng Kong and Zhenhua Ma
Fishes 2025, 10(5), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10050191 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 316
Abstract
The family Rissoinidae represents a significant component of microgastropod diversity, with a global distribution spanning temperate to tropical zones and encompassing over 300 recorded species. Hainan Island, the largest island in the South China Sea, harbors a rich diversity of mollusks, but the [...] Read more.
The family Rissoinidae represents a significant component of microgastropod diversity, with a global distribution spanning temperate to tropical zones and encompassing over 300 recorded species. Hainan Island, the largest island in the South China Sea, harbors a rich diversity of mollusks, but the family Rissoinidae remains poorly studied in this region. Here, we report three rissoinid species and one newly recorded species from Hainan Island, providing detailed taxonomic descriptions supported by SEM imaging. For the first time, we provide the mitochondrial genomes of Rissoina cardinalis and Phosinella seguenziana, analyzing their genome structure and nucleotide composition, thereby addressing the existing knowledge gap in Rissoinidae research. A phylogenetic tree of the family Rissoinidae was reconstructed using the COI gene, clarifying the intergeneric relationships within the family. Notably, the genus Rissoina is revealed as a non-monophyletic group, likely due to the limitations of single-gene analyses in providing adequate phylogenetic information. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phylogenetics of Aquatic Mollusks)
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11 pages, 21934 KiB  
Article
Morphology of External Genitalia in the Genus Acanthoponera Mayr, with Redescription of A. mucronata (Roger) Male (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae)
by Stefano Cantone and Andrea Di Giulio
Insects 2025, 16(4), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040436 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 837
Abstract
In this study, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscopy, we give a detailed description of the Acanthoponera mucronata male, supplementing the former male-based genus diagnoses. In particular, we described for the first time the following characters: the morphology of the external [...] Read more.
In this study, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscopy, we give a detailed description of the Acanthoponera mucronata male, supplementing the former male-based genus diagnoses. In particular, we described for the first time the following characters: the morphology of the external genitalia, the peculiar antennal cleaning and the absence of the metapleural gland orifice. In addition, we show the pretarsal claws and the ventral excavation in the gaster that represent diagnostic male features of all Acanthoponera species, never imaged before. The use of modern taxonomic standards is particularly important in order to make these data available to future comparative analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Insects and Apiculture)
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43 pages, 8380 KiB  
Article
An Overview of the Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer, a Phylogeny of the Luciolinae Using Mitochondrial Genomes, a Description of Six New Species, and an Assessment of a Copulation Clamp in This Genus (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
by Xinhua Fu and Lesley Ballantyne
Insects 2025, 16(4), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040394 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 703
Abstract
Pygoluciola Wittmer 1939 is overviewed, with an expanded generic redescription comprising 28 species, including 6 new species from China, described from features of males, associated females, and larvae. Their placement in the genus is confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis of their mitogenomes. They [...] Read more.
Pygoluciola Wittmer 1939 is overviewed, with an expanded generic redescription comprising 28 species, including 6 new species from China, described from features of males, associated females, and larvae. Their placement in the genus is confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis of their mitogenomes. They include Pygoluciola baise Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Baise City, Guangxi Province; P. manmaia Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Yunnan Province; P. quzhou Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from the City of Quzhou in Zhejiang Province; P. tunchangia Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Tunchang county, Hainan Island; P. yingjiangia Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Yingjiang county in Yunnan Province; and P. yupingia Fu & Ballantyne sp. nov. from Mt. Yuping, Hongya County in Sichuan Province. Specimens are assigned to Luciola davidis Olivier, which is transferred to Pygoluciola and redescribed. Species are assigned to one of five Groups we define in the genus, and this classification is challenged by molecular information. We reject the possibility of a copulation clamp in P. kinabalua Ballantyne by dissection of pinned type females and comparison with other species newly described here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revival of a Prominent Taxonomy of Insects)
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29 pages, 6044 KiB  
Article
Collembola from the Gypsum Karst of Sorbas (Almería, Spain), with Descriptions of Three New Species
by Enrique Baquero, Pablo Barranco and Rafael Jordana
Insects 2025, 16(3), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16030309 - 16 Mar 2025
Viewed by 825
Abstract
The gypsum karst of Sorbas (Almería, Spain) is home to a diverse community of Collembola. Over seven years of sampling, 7875 specimens were collected from 83 cave visits, representing four orders: Symphypleona (5251 specimens), Entomobryomorpha (2552), Poduromorpha (32), and Neelipleona (29). A total [...] Read more.
The gypsum karst of Sorbas (Almería, Spain) is home to a diverse community of Collembola. Over seven years of sampling, 7875 specimens were collected from 83 cave visits, representing four orders: Symphypleona (5251 specimens), Entomobryomorpha (2552), Poduromorpha (32), and Neelipleona (29). A total of 25 species were identified. The most abundant are listed in descending order of abundance: Pygmarrhopalites ruizporteroae sp. nov., Pseudosinella najtae, Pygmarrhopalites subbifidus, Troglopedetes machadoi, Pseudosinella sexocellata sp. nov., Pygmarrhopalites torresi sp. nov., and Heteromurus major. Additionally, partial redescriptions of Pseudosinella najtae and Troglopedetes machadoi are provided. This research enhances the taxonomic framework of subterranean Collembola and provides new insights into species differentiation and adaptation. The methodologies applied allow for high-resolution morphological characterization, essential for species delimitation. The results highlight the potential for further discoveries in gypsum caves and emphasize the need for advanced imaging techniques in Collembola taxonomy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Other Arthropods and General Topics)
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28 pages, 11175 KiB  
Article
Typification of the Economically Important Species Thyreophagus entomophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) Used for the Industrial Production of Predatory Mites: The Designation of a Neotype with Detailed Morphological and DNA Sequence Data
by Pavel B. Klimov, Vasiliy B. Kolesnikov, Alexander A. Khaustov, Vladimir A. Khaustov, Jonas Merckx, Marcus V. A. Duarte, Dominiek Vangansbeke, Ilse Geudens and Almir Pepato
Animals 2025, 15(3), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030357 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 977
Abstract
The mite Thyreophagus entomophagus is a cosmopolitan species of significant economic importance in biocontrol applications, serving as a factitious prey for the mass rearing of predatory mites. This species has been reported from a variety of habitats. However, the taxonomic reliability of its [...] Read more.
The mite Thyreophagus entomophagus is a cosmopolitan species of significant economic importance in biocontrol applications, serving as a factitious prey for the mass rearing of predatory mites. This species has been reported from a variety of habitats. However, the taxonomic reliability of its name is questionable due to inconsistencies in historical species identifications, the absence of type specimens, and misidentified GenBank sequences. Here, to address these issues and to standardize the nomenclature, we redescribe Thyreophagus entomophagus based on a commercial culture with known COX1 barcoding sequence data and designate a neotype from this culture. As part of delimiting the species boundaries of Th. entomophagus, the question of whether this species forms heteromorphic deutonymphs is particularly important. While the literature suggests that most populations lack them, at least one population in Germany has been reported to produce heteromorphic deutonymphs. However, after careful examination, we identified this population as a new species, Thyreophagus holda, indicating that previous identifications of this population as Th. entomophagus were incorrect. The absence of the heteromorphic deutonymphal stage is a beneficial trait for mass production, as it simplifies the life cycle by eliminating the energetically costly heteromorphic deutonymph. Our preliminary molecular phylogenetic analyses of Th. entomophagus and other species of Thyreophagus indicate that the loss of heteromorphic deutonymphs and the emergence of asexual reproduction (another beneficial trait for mass production) are derived traits that arose after the divergence of the most recent common ancestor of Thyreophagus. These insights enhance our understanding of the evolutionary traits that increase the effectiveness of Th. entomophagus and related species in biocontrol settings. Our study points to the need for additional bioprospecting efforts to identify new candidate species for biocontrol that possess both asexual reproduction and the absence of heteromorphic deutonymphs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insect Diversity and Biology)
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38 pages, 19057 KiB  
Article
Review of the Mackerel Genus Rastrelliger (Teleostei: Scombridae) with Redescription of R. chrysozonus (Rüppell, 1836) and R. kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)
by Sergey V. Bogorodsky, Nozomu Muto, Harutaka Hata, Hiroyuki Motomura and Tilman J. Alpermann
Diversity 2025, 17(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17010072 - 20 Jan 2025
Viewed by 2360
Abstract
The Indo-West Pacific scombrid genus Rastrelliger Jordan & Starks is reviewed. Formerly, the genus was considered to contain three valid species, viz., R. brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) known from the south-east coast of India to Samoa Islands; R. faughni Matsui, 1967 reported from the [...] Read more.
The Indo-West Pacific scombrid genus Rastrelliger Jordan & Starks is reviewed. Formerly, the genus was considered to contain three valid species, viz., R. brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) known from the south-east coast of India to Samoa Islands; R. faughni Matsui, 1967 reported from the south-east coast of India to Fiji; and R. kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816), the most widespread species known from the east coast of Africa and the Persian/Arabian Gulf east to Tonga. Herein, R. chrysozonus (Rüppell, 1836), restricted to the Red Sea, is resurrected from the synonymy with R. kanagurta and both species are redescribed in detail, based on an integrative morphological and molecular assessment. Consequently, Scomber microlepidotus Rüppell, 1836 is moved from the synonymy with R. kanagurta to synonymy with R. chrysozonus. Rastrelliger chrysozonus differs from R. kanagurta primarily by a longer upper jaw. Rastrelliger brachysoma differs from the other three species by a deeper body, a deeper caudal peduncle, and a very long intestine. Rastrelliger faughni differs from the other three species in having a more slender body, usually X spines in the first dorsal fin (versus IX spines), shorter and fewer gill rakers, a shorter maxilla, and a shorter intestine. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes of all Rastrelliger species also demonstrated that R. chrysozonus forms a well divergent evolutionary lineage, with R. kanagurta being its closest relative. In addition to the redescriptions of R. chrysozonus and R. kanagurta, brief species accounts for R. brachysoma and R. faughni and the key to the four species are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Diversity)
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26 pages, 10358 KiB  
Article
Morphotaxonomic Assessment of the pratensis Species Complex with Ontogenetic Development and Redescription of Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)
by Hafiz Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq, Jawwad Hassan Mirza, Hafiz Muhammad Sajid Ali, Muhammad Kamran and Fahad Jaber Alatawi
Diversity 2024, 16(12), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16120765 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1070
Abstract
The Banks grass mite/New World date mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), is a globally distributed and economically significant agricultural pest. The present study comprehensively addresses the morphotaxonomic identification of globally reported populations of O. pratensis, to resolve ambiguities within the [...] Read more.
The Banks grass mite/New World date mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), is a globally distributed and economically significant agricultural pest. The present study comprehensively addresses the morphotaxonomic identification of globally reported populations of O. pratensis, to resolve ambiguities within the pratensis complex. Detailed morphological characterizations of all mobile stages (larva, protonymph, deutonymph, male, and female) of the Californian population of O. pratensis were provided, with key diagnostic traits utilized in this taxonomic assessment. The taxonomic notes are provided for worldwide populations of O. pratensis reported from six biogeographic realms. The taxonomic identity of the claimed populations of O. pratensis from South Africa (Afrotropical realm), El Salvador (Neotropical realm), China, Pakistan (Oriental realm), and Saudi Arabia (Palearctic realm) were found to either be “doubtful” or exhibit notable differences compared to the Californian population. Notably, the purported Chinese population of O. pratensis was identified as a cryptic species, likely a novel taxon within the gossypii species subgroup. Furthermore, the study confirmed the absence of O. pratensis in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, ontogenetic changes across developmental stages are documented. The findings of this study may contribute to a clearer understanding of the true distribution and global occurrence of O. pratensis, providing robust diagnostic characteristics to support future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity and Ecology of the Acari)
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9 pages, 2121 KiB  
Article
A New Bivalve Species Glauconome huangheensis of the Genus Glauconome J. E. Gray, 1828 (Bivalvia, Venerida, Cyrenoidea, Glauconomidae), from Shandong, China
by Lingtong Kong, Yuxi Zhang, Cui Li, Zeyu Tang and Haiyan Wang
Genes 2024, 15(12), 1563; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15121563 - 1 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1092
Abstract
The family Glauconomidae has few species, limited molecular data description, and insufficient research attention. The biodiversity of Glauconomidae within China deserves further exploration. In recent years, the taxonomic status of Glauconomidae has undergone changes, and some studies have found a close relationship between [...] Read more.
The family Glauconomidae has few species, limited molecular data description, and insufficient research attention. The biodiversity of Glauconomidae within China deserves further exploration. In recent years, the taxonomic status of Glauconomidae has undergone changes, and some studies have found a close relationship between Glauconomidae and the family Cyrenidae based on molecular data, suggesting that Glauconomidae should be classified under the superfamily Cyrenoidea. However, both domestic and international research has mainly focused on only four species of Glauconomidae, indicating an urgent need for more species data support. Recently, 46 specimens of Glauconomidae were collected in the Yellow River Estuary in Dongying City of Shandong Province in China. Through a comparative analysis of shell morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of COI and 16S rRNA, two species of Glauconomidae was discovered. One is Glauconome angulata Reeve, 1844, and the other is a new species of Glauconomidae found in the Yellow River, named Glauconome huangheensis sp. nov. The G. huangheensis sp. nov. exhibits distinct differences in shell shape and shell color compared to other species of Glauconomidae, resembling G. angulata. There are also significant differences in shell color, shell sculpture, ligament size, and shell thickness. Furthermore, the molecular phylogenetic analysis based on COI and 16S rRNA genes supports the validity of G. huangheensis sp. nov. as a species. It indicates a close phylogenetic relationship with G. angulata, making them sister species. This study provides a redescription of the morphological characteristics of G. angulata and G. huangheensis sp. nov., laying the foundation for the morphological classification, biodiversity research, and conservation of Glauconomidae species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)
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26 pages, 36400 KiB  
Article
Redescription of Euscorpius studentium Based on Adult Specimens; Updated Classification of Cavernicolous Euscorpiidae; and Review of Cavernicolous Scorpions in the Balkans
by Javier Blasco-Aróstegui and Lorenzo Prendini
Diversity 2024, 16(12), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16120737 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1841
Abstract
Cavernicolous scorpions are difficult to collect and study due to their often inaccessible habitats. Some have evolved unique morphological adaptations, known as troglomorphies, including reduced sclerotization and pigmentation, reduction and/or loss of eyes, attenuation and elongation of the appendages, which assist them to [...] Read more.
Cavernicolous scorpions are difficult to collect and study due to their often inaccessible habitats. Some have evolved unique morphological adaptations, known as troglomorphies, including reduced sclerotization and pigmentation, reduction and/or loss of eyes, attenuation and elongation of the appendages, which assist them to thrive in dark, humid and low-energy input environments. Cavernicolous scorpions are classified into accidentals, trogloxenes, troglophiles, and troglobites. The Balkans, and particularly the Dinaric Karst region, host a diverse cave-adapted fauna, including scorpions. Despite an 1895 report of a blind scorpion from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the first truly troglobitic European scorpion, Euscorpius studentium Karaman, 2020, was only described a few years ago, based on two immature specimens. In the present contribution, this unique species is redescribed based on the first adult specimens; the ecological classification of all currently known cavernicolous Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896, is updated; a key to the identification of cavernicolous scorpions occurring in the Dinaric Karst is provided; and the historical and geographical factors affecting the distribution and conservation of cavernicolous scorpions in the Balkans is reviewed. Full article
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14 pages, 211 KiB  
Article
Fetishism for Our Times: A Rhetorical and Philosophical Exploration
by Timo Airaksinen
Religions 2024, 15(10), 1192; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15101192 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1762
Abstract
This article develops a detailed theory of the fetishes of the modern world. Fetishes may still have their original religious application as talismans and totems, but their actual range is much wider, as I illustrate. I show that a modern fetish satisfies our [...] Read more.
This article develops a detailed theory of the fetishes of the modern world. Fetishes may still have their original religious application as talismans and totems, but their actual range is much wider, as I illustrate. I show that a modern fetish satisfies our needs in an unexpected and unlikely manner: it does what it, prima facie, is not supposed to do. How does this happen? To explain, we must trace the construction of fetishes; I do this using some key rhetorical concepts. Paradiastole is a technique of evaluative redescription. It describes the world in value terms as something it is not—we can then ironize the result. If it serves the speakers’ essential interests and satisfies their desires, we have explained a fetish as a good-maker. The fetishization of an object, because of its ironic background, tends to invite critical, meiotic, and even derogatory responses—usually, the issue is and remains essentially contested. For example, early Christians wrote hagiographies that treated some people as saints, thus creating ad hoc beliefs that satisfied their religious interests. I also suggest a different, metonymic understanding of fetishes and their educational benefits. Perhaps my theory is overly permissive, allowing too many fetishes. My final conjecture is that true fetishes function as identity markers; for example, the crucifix is a fetish that defines Christianity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Religions and Humanities/Philosophies)
17 pages, 3679 KiB  
Article
Six Species of Phyllachora with Three New Taxa on Grass from Sichuan Province, China
by Qi-Rong Sun, Xiu-Lan Xu, Zhen Zeng, Yu Deng, Feng Liu, Li-Ping Gao, Fei-Hu Wang, Ya-Qian Yan, Ying-Gao Liu and Chun-Lin Yang
J. Fungi 2024, 10(8), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080588 - 19 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1721
Abstract
Phyllachora (Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales) species are parasitic fungi with a wide global distribution, causing tar spots on plants. In this study, we describe three newly discovered species: Phyllachora chongzhouensis, Phyllachora neidongensis, and Phyllachora huiliensis from Poaceae in China. These [...] Read more.
Phyllachora (Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales) species are parasitic fungi with a wide global distribution, causing tar spots on plants. In this study, we describe three newly discovered species: Phyllachora chongzhouensis, Phyllachora neidongensis, and Phyllachora huiliensis from Poaceae in China. These species were characterized using morphological traits and multi-locus phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) with the intervening 5.8S rRNA gene, the large subunit of the rRNA gene (LSU), and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (SSU). Three known species of P. chloridis, P. graminis, and P. miscanthi have also been redescribed, because, in reviewing the original references of P. chloridis, P. graminis, and P. miscanthi, these were found to be relatively old and in Chinese or abbreviated. In addition, the illustrations were simple. In molecular identification, the ITS sequence is short, while the ITS, LSU, and SSU are incomplete. Therefore, this study provides new important references for the redescription of three known species and provides further evidence for the identification of new taxa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ascomycota: Diversity, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 9143 KiB  
Article
New Genera and Species of Trigonidiidae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from the Mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar with a Redescription of Birmaninemobius hirsutus
by Jun-Jie Gu, Yi Zhou and Wei Yuan
Insects 2024, 15(6), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15060442 - 11 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1721
Abstract
The abundance of insects in Burmese amber illustrates a highly diverse insect community from the mid-Cretaceous period; yet, records of crickets (Grylloidea) are notably scarce. In this study, we describe two new genera with three new species, Palaeotrigonidium concavoculus gen. et sp. nov., [...] Read more.
The abundance of insects in Burmese amber illustrates a highly diverse insect community from the mid-Cretaceous period; yet, records of crickets (Grylloidea) are notably scarce. In this study, we describe two new genera with three new species, Palaeotrigonidium concavoculus gen. et sp. nov., Palaeotrigonidium defectivus sp. nov., and Tricalcaratus longilineus gen. et sp. nov., based on three specimens collected in north Myanmar. These new species can be placed within the Trigonidiidae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) by their triangular head, compound eyes that protrude in dorsal view, and a body entirely covered with robust setae, particularly noticeable in the head and pronotum; however, subfamily assignments are not possible. Another known species, Birmaninemobius hirsutus, Xu et al., 2020, from Myanmar amber is redescribed based on a new specimen and a recheck of the holotype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolution)
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27 pages, 3571 KiB  
Article
Contributions to the Taxonomy of the Mugilid Genus Moolgarda Whitley (Teleostei: Mugilidae), with Redescriptions of M. crenilabis, M. seheli and M. tade from the Red Sea
by Sergey V. Bogorodsky, Philipp Thieme, Hiroshi Senou, Zuheir N. Mahmoud, Tilman J. Alpermann and Jean-Dominique Durand
Diversity 2024, 16(6), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16060325 - 30 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1971
Abstract
The taxonomy of the family Mugilidae has historically posed challenges, marked by discrepancies between described and valid species, compounded by cryptic diversity and a similar external appearance. Previous studies left four of six lineages unidentified within Crenimugil, including Crenimugil sp. A and [...] Read more.
The taxonomy of the family Mugilidae has historically posed challenges, marked by discrepancies between described and valid species, compounded by cryptic diversity and a similar external appearance. Previous studies left four of six lineages unidentified within Crenimugil, including Crenimugil sp. A and Crenimugil sp. B. The goal of this study is to provide a detailed revision of species assigned to Crenimugil by examining specimens from the Red Sea, which is the type locality of Mugil crenilabis, Mugil seheli and Mugil tade, which were here genetically analyzed. After demonstrating that the genus contains nine monophyletic lineages and Moolgarda pura is a valid nominal species, the mugilid genus Moolgarda is restored. Consequently, Moolgarda has priority over Crenimugil and Valamugil. Additional morphological analyses of specimens from the Red Sea assigned to Moolgarda sp. A and Moolgarda sp. B identified them as representing Moolgarda seheli and Moolgarda crenilabis, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis, including new DNA barcodes, confirmed a wide distribution range of both species in the Indo-West Pacific. The identity of the lineage previously identified as Crenimugil crenilabis remains doubtful, and it is referred to as Moolgarda cf. crenilabis here. A third lineage, previously named Crenimugil buchanani, is re-described as Moolgarda tade, a species originally reported from the Red Sea with a long history of taxonomic confusion. The species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and distinguished from other congeners by falcate second dorsal and anal fins that are distinctly higher than the first dorsal fin. A detailed description of the Red Sea specimens of M. crenilabis, M. seheli and M. tade is provided, with comments to other unnamed lineages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Diversity in the Red Sea)
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20 pages, 7546 KiB  
Article
The Taxonomic Circumscription and Nomenclatural History of Pilosella suecica (Asteraceae): A Special Case of Grey Literature in Taxonomic Botany
by Alexander N. Sennikov
Plants 2024, 13(10), 1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101301 - 8 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
The taxonomic history, nomenclature and application of the oldest species names available for the common hybrids between Pilosella caespitosa and P. lactucella are reviewed. Elias Fries created a nomenclatural and bibliographical collision when he replaced a printed label of his exsiccata Herbarium normale [...] Read more.
The taxonomic history, nomenclature and application of the oldest species names available for the common hybrids between Pilosella caespitosa and P. lactucella are reviewed. Elias Fries created a nomenclatural and bibliographical collision when he replaced a printed label of his exsiccata Herbarium normale with its second version, distributed at a later date, in which the protologue of Hieracium suecicum had appeared. In this protologue, the new species name was validly published with a mere reference to the original description of H. auricula var. majus, thus being based on the type of the latter. In a later fascicle of the same exsiccata, Fries excluded this synonym and distributed a different morphotype of H. suecicum, which caused taxonomic confusion and re-description of the same taxon under the name H. fennicum. The surviving original material of H. auricula var. majus is rejected, and its neotype is designated, making H. suecicum the correct name for the hybrids strictly intermediate between P. lactucella and P. caespitosa. Such hybrids constitute the most common hybridogenous taxon of Pilosella in Scandinavia, Finland and neighbouring Russia, with many synonyms described from this area and partly typified here. Another hybridogenous taxon of the same origin, more similar to P. lactucella and previously known as P. cochlearis, is correctly named P. stipitiflora comb. nov. The nomenclatural value and bibliographic complexity of exsiccata, a commonly underestimated kind of grey literature in taxonomic botany, are further highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Euro + Mediterranean Vascular Plants)
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