Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Saved Queries

Sign in to use this feature.

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Subjects Reset
Select Subjects

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Journals Reset
Select Journals

Article Types

remove_circle_outline
Add Article Types Reset
Select Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
Add Countries / Regions Reset
Select Countries / Regions
Update Search
share announcement

Search Results (10)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = quantum private comparison (QPC)

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
16 pages, 1547 KiB  
Article
Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison with Pauli Operators
by Min Hou, Yue Wu and Shibin Zhang
Axioms 2025, 14(8), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080549 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 163
Abstract
Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a quantum cryptographic protocol designed to enable two mutually distrustful parties to securely compare sensitive data without disclosing their private information to each other or any external entities. This study proposes a novel QPC protocol that leverages Bell [...] Read more.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a quantum cryptographic protocol designed to enable two mutually distrustful parties to securely compare sensitive data without disclosing their private information to each other or any external entities. This study proposes a novel QPC protocol that leverages Bell states to ensure data privacy, utilizing the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Within this framework, two participants, each possessing a secret integer, encode the binary representation of their values using Pauli-X and Pauli-Z operators applied to quantum states transmitted from a semi-honest third party (TP). The TP, which is bound to protocol compliance and prohibited from colluding with either participant, measures the received sequences to determine the comparison result without accessing the participants’ original inputs. Theoretical analyses and simulations validate the protocol’s strong security, high efficiency, and practical feasibility in quantum computing environments. An advantage of the proposed protocol lies in its optimized utilization of Bell states, which enhances qubit efficiency and experimental practicality. Moreover, the proposed protocol outperforms several existing Bell-state-based QPC schemes in terms of efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Quantum Mechanics and Mathematical Physics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1341 KiB  
Article
Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison
by Min Hou and Yue Wu
Mathematics 2025, 13(2), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13020326 - 20 Jan 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 941
Abstract
In this paper, we leverage the properties of the swap test to evaluate the similarity of two qubits and propose a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol involving a semi-trusted third party (TP). The TP facilitates the comparison between participants without accessing their [...] Read more.
In this paper, we leverage the properties of the swap test to evaluate the similarity of two qubits and propose a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol involving a semi-trusted third party (TP). The TP facilitates the comparison between participants without accessing their private information, other than the final comparison results. Our protocol encodes participants’ secret integers directly into the amplitudes of single-photon states and introduces a novel method for secret-to-secret comparison rather than the traditional bit-to-bit comparison, resulting in improved scalability. To ensure security, the encoded single-photon states are concealed using rotation operations. The comparison results are derived through the implementation of the swap test. A simulation on the IBM Quantum Platform demonstrates the protocol’s feasibility, and a security analysis confirms its robustness against potential eavesdropping and participant attacks. Compared with existing QPC protocols that employ bit-to-bit comparison methods, our approach offers improved practicality and scalability. Specifically, it integrates single-photon states, rotation operations, and the swap test as key components for direct secret comparison, facilitating easier implementation with quantum technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section E4: Mathematical Physics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 234 KiB  
Article
Quantum Private Comparison Protocol with Cluster States
by Min Hou and Yue Wu
Axioms 2025, 14(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14010070 - 19 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 941
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol designed for two players to securely and privately assess the equality of their private information. The protocol utilizes four-particle cluster states prepared by a semi-honest third party (TP), who strictly adheres to [...] Read more.
In this paper, we introduce a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol designed for two players to securely and privately assess the equality of their private information. The protocol utilizes four-particle cluster states prepared by a semi-honest third party (TP), who strictly adheres to the protocol without deviation or collusion with any participant. The TP facilitates the private comparison by enabling users to encode their information through bit-flip or phase-shift operators applied to the received quantum sequences. Once the information is encoded, the sequences are returned to the TP, who can derive the comparison results without accessing any details of the private information. This design ensures correctness, privacy, and fairness throughout the process. The QPC protocol is robust against both external threats and participant attacks due to the incorporation of the decoy-state method and quantum key distribution techniques. Additionally, the protocol employs unitary operations and Bell-basis measurements, enhancing its technical feasibility for practical implementation. Notably, the proposed protocol achieves a qubit efficiency of up to 50%. This efficiency, combined with its strong security features, establishes the QPC protocol as a promising solution for private information comparisons within the realm of quantum cryptography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical Physics)
12 pages, 1019 KiB  
Article
Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol Based on Rotational Encryption
by Min Hou and Yue Wu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020722 - 13 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 756
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol that employs single photons as quantum resources and utilizes rotational encryption to safeguard the privacy of the inputs. This protocol enables two parties to compare their private data without disclosing any [...] Read more.
In this paper, we introduce a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol that employs single photons as quantum resources and utilizes rotational encryption to safeguard the privacy of the inputs. This protocol enables two parties to compare their private data without disclosing any information beyond the outcome of the comparison. The participants’ private data are encoded as single photons, which are encrypted using a rotational encryption method. These encrypted single photons are then transmitted to a semi-honest third party (TP), who conducts single-particle measurements to determine if the users’ private data are equal and subsequently announces the results to the participants. By harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics, we ensure robust protection against potential eavesdropping and participant attacks. In contrast to numerous existing QPC protocols that rely on multi-qubit or d-dimensional quantum states, our method exhibits superior efficiency and practicality. Specifically, our protocol achieves a qubit efficiency of 50% by using two single photons to compare one bit of classical information, and single photons are easier to prepare than multi-qubit and d-dimensional quantum states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Quantum-Enabled Cybersecurity)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
Quantum Private Comparison Based on Four-Particle Cluster State
by Min Hou and Yue Wu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10759; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210759 - 20 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 970
Abstract
A quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol enables two parties to securely compare their private data without disclosing the actual values to one another, utilizing quantum mechanics to maintain confidentiality. Many current QPC protocols mainly concentrate on comparing the equality of private information between [...] Read more.
A quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol enables two parties to securely compare their private data without disclosing the actual values to one another, utilizing quantum mechanics to maintain confidentiality. Many current QPC protocols mainly concentrate on comparing the equality of private information between two users during a single execution, which restricts their scalability. To overcome this limitation, we present an efficient QPC protocol aimed at evaluating the equality of private information between two groups of users in one execution. This is achieved by leveraging the entanglement correlations present in each particle of a four-particle cluster state. In our approach, users encode their private data using bit flip or phase shift operators on the quantum sequence they receive, which is then sent back to a semi-trusted party which then determines whether the secrets of the two groups are equal and communicates the results to the users. By employing this method and facilitating the distributed transmission of the quantum sequence, our protocol achieves a qubit efficiency of 50%. Security analyses reveal that neither external attacks nor insider threats can successfully compromise the confidentiality of private data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Communication and Applications)
11 pages, 909 KiB  
Article
Efficient Quantum Private Comparison with Unitary Operations
by Min Hou and Yue Wu
Mathematics 2024, 12(22), 3541; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12223541 - 13 Nov 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 895
Abstract
Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a crucial component of quantum multiparty computing (QMPC), allowing parties to compare their private inputs while ensuring that no sensitive information is disclosed. Many existing QPC protocols that utilize Bell states encounter efficiency challenges. In this paper, we [...] Read more.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a crucial component of quantum multiparty computing (QMPC), allowing parties to compare their private inputs while ensuring that no sensitive information is disclosed. Many existing QPC protocols that utilize Bell states encounter efficiency challenges. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient QPC protocol that capitalizes on the distinct characteristics of Bell states to enable secure comparisons. Our method transforms private inputs into unitary operations on shared Bell states, which are then returned to a third party to obtain the comparison results. This approach enhances efficiency and decreases the reliance on complex quantum resources. A single Bell state can compare two classical bits, achieving a qubit efficiency of 100%. We illustrate the feasibility of the protocol through a simulation on the IBM Quantum Cloud Platform. The security analysis confirms that our protocol is resistant to both eavesdropping and attacks from participants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section E4: Mathematical Physics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2783 KiB  
Article
New Quantum Private Comparison Using Bell States
by Min Hou and Yue Wu
Entropy 2024, 26(8), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080682 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1573
Abstract
Quantum private comparison (QPC) represents a cryptographic approach that enables two parties to determine whether their confidential data are equivalent, without disclosing the actual values. Most existing QPC protocols utilizing single photons or Bell states are considered highly feasible, but they suffer from [...] Read more.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) represents a cryptographic approach that enables two parties to determine whether their confidential data are equivalent, without disclosing the actual values. Most existing QPC protocols utilizing single photons or Bell states are considered highly feasible, but they suffer from inefficiency. To address this issue, we present a novel QPC protocol that capitalizes on the entanglement property of Bell states and local operations to meet the requirements of efficiency. In the proposed protocol, two participants with private inputs perform local operations on shared Bell states received from a semi-honest third party (STP). Afterward, the modified qubits are returned to the STP, who can then determine the equality of the private inputs and relay the results to the participants. A simulation on the IBM Quantum Cloud Platform confirmed the feasibility of our protocol, and a security analysis further demonstrated that the STP and both participants were unable to learn anything about the individual private inputs. In comparison to other QPC protocols, our proposed solution offers superior performance in terms of efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Entanglement—Second Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1090 KiB  
Article
New Quantum Private Comparison Using Four-Particle Cluster State
by Min Hou, Yue Wu and Shibin Zhang
Entropy 2024, 26(6), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26060512 - 14 Jun 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1208
Abstract
Quantum private comparison (QPC) enables two users to securely conduct private comparisons in a network characterized by mutual distrust while guaranteeing the confidentiality of their private inputs. Most previous QPC protocols were primarily used to determine the equality of private information between two [...] Read more.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) enables two users to securely conduct private comparisons in a network characterized by mutual distrust while guaranteeing the confidentiality of their private inputs. Most previous QPC protocols were primarily used to determine the equality of private information between two users, which constrained their scalability. In this paper, we propose a QPC protocol that leverages the entanglement correlation between particles in a four-particle cluster state. This protocol can compare the information of two groups of users within one protocol execution, with each group consisting of two users. A semi-honest third party (TP), who will not deviate from the protocol execution or conspire with any participant, is involved in assisting users to achieve private comparisons. Users encode their inputs into specific angles of rotational operations performed on the received quantum sequence, which is then sent back to TP. Security analysis shows that both external attacks and insider threats are ineffective at stealing private data. Finally, we compare our protocol with some previously proposed QPC protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy, Quantum Information and Entanglement)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3408 KiB  
Article
Efficient Quantum Private Comparison Based on GHZ States
by Min Hou, Yue Wu and Shibin Zhang
Entropy 2024, 26(5), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26050413 - 10 May 2024
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1967
Abstract
Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a fundamental cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to compare the equality of their private inputs without revealing any information about those inputs to each other. In recent years, QPC protocols utilizing various quantum resources have been proposed. [...] Read more.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a fundamental cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to compare the equality of their private inputs without revealing any information about those inputs to each other. In recent years, QPC protocols utilizing various quantum resources have been proposed. However, these QPC protocols have lower utilization of quantum resources and qubit efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an efficient QPC protocol based on GHZ states, which leverages the unique properties of GHZ states and rotation operations to achieve secure and efficient private comparison. The secret information is encoded in the rotation angles of rotation operations performed on the received quantum sequence transmitted along the circular mode. This results in the multiplexing of quantum resources and enhances the utilization of quantum resources. Our protocol does not require quantum key distribution (QKD) for sharing a secret key to ensure the security of the inputs, resulting in no consumption of quantum resources for key sharing. One GHZ state can be compared to three bits of classical information in each comparison, leading to qubit efficiency reaching 100%. Compared with the existing QPC protocol, our protocol does not require quantum resources for sharing a secret key. It also demonstrates enhanced performance in qubit efficiency and the utilization of quantum resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 478 KiB  
Article
Efficient Quantum Private Comparison without Sharing a Key
by Jian Li, Fanting Che, Zhuo Wang and Anqi Fu
Entropy 2023, 25(11), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25111552 - 17 Nov 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
Quantum private comparison (QPC) allows at least two users to compare the equality of their secret information, for which the security is based on the properties of quantum mechanics. To improve the use of quantum resources and the efficiency of private comparison, a [...] Read more.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) allows at least two users to compare the equality of their secret information, for which the security is based on the properties of quantum mechanics. To improve the use of quantum resources and the efficiency of private comparison, a new QPC protocol based on GHZ-like states is proposed. The protocol adopts unitary operations to encode the secret information instead of performing quantum key distribution (QKD), which can reduce the amount of computation required to perform QKD and improve the utilization of quantum resources. The decoy photon technique used to detect channel eavesdropping ensures that the protocol is resistant to external attacks. The quantum efficiency of the protocol reaches 66%. Compared with many previous QPC schemes, the proposed protocol does not need to share a key and has advantages in quantum efficiency and quantum resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum and Classical Physical Cryptography)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 1.
Back to TopTop