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18 pages, 1052 KiB  
Article
Impact of Kickxia elatine In Vitro-Derived Stem Cells on the Biophysical Properties of Facial Skin: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Anastasia Aliesa Hermosaningtyas, Anna Kroma-Szal, Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska, Maria Urbanska, Anna Budzianowska and Małgorzata Kikowska
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8625; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158625 (registering DOI) - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
The growing demand for natural and sustainable skincare products has driven interest in plant-based active ingredients, especially from in vitro cultures. This placebo-controlled study investigated the impact of a facial cream containing 2% Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort cell suspension culture extract on various [...] Read more.
The growing demand for natural and sustainable skincare products has driven interest in plant-based active ingredients, especially from in vitro cultures. This placebo-controlled study investigated the impact of a facial cream containing 2% Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort cell suspension culture extract on various skin biophysical parameters. The cream was applied to the cheek once daily for six weeks on 40 healthy female volunteers between the ages of 40 to 49. The evaluated skin parameters including skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema intensity (EI), melanin intensity (MI), skin surface pH, and skin structure, wrinkle depth, vascular lesions, and vascular discolouration. The results indicated that significant improvements were observed in skin hydration (from 40.36 to 63.00 AU, p < 0.001) and there was a decrease in TEWL score (14.82 to 11.76 g/h/m2, p < 0.001), while the skin surface pH was maintained (14.82 to 11.76 g/h/m2, p < 0.001). Moreover, the K. elatine cell extract significantly improved skin structure values (9.23 to 8.50, p = 0.028), reduced vascular lesions (2.72 to 1.54 mm2, p = 0.011), and lowered skin discolouration (20.98% to 14.84%, p < 0.001), indicating its moisturising, protective, brightening, and soothing properties. These findings support the potential use of K. elatine cell extract in dermocosmetic formulations targeting dry, sensitive, or ageing skin. Full article
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25 pages, 7428 KiB  
Article
Sialic Acid-Loaded Nanoliposomes with Enhanced Stability and Transdermal Delivery for Synergistic Anti-Aging, Skin Brightening, and Barrier Repair
by Fan Yang, Hua Wang, Dan Luo, Jun Deng, Yawen Hu, Zhi Liu and Wei Liu
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(8), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17080956 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 302
Abstract
Objectives: Sialic acid (SA), a naturally occurring compound abundantly found in birds’ nests, holds immense promise for skincare applications owing to its remarkable biological properties. However, its low bioavailability, poor stability, and limited skin permeability have constrained its widespread application. Methods: [...] Read more.
Objectives: Sialic acid (SA), a naturally occurring compound abundantly found in birds’ nests, holds immense promise for skincare applications owing to its remarkable biological properties. However, its low bioavailability, poor stability, and limited skin permeability have constrained its widespread application. Methods: To overcome these challenges, SA was encapsulated within nanoliposomes (NLPs) by the high-pressure homogenization technique to develop an advanced and efficient transdermal drug delivery system. The skincare capabilities of this novel system were comprehensively evaluated across multiple experimental platforms, including in vitro cell assays, 3D skin models, in vivo zebrafish studies, and clinical human trials. Results: The SA-loaded NLPs (SA-NLPs) substantially improved the transdermal penetration and retention of SA, facilitating enhanced cellular uptake and cell proliferation. Compared to free SA, SA-NLPs demonstrated a 246.98% increase in skin retention and 1.8-fold greater cellular uptake in HDF cells. Moreover, SA-NLPs protected cells from oxidative stress-induced damage, stimulated collagen synthesis, and effectively suppressed the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, tyrosinase activity, and melanin production. Additionally, zebrafish-based assays provided in vivo evidence of the skincare efficacy of SA-NLPs. Notably, clinical evaluations demonstrated that a 56-day application of the SA-NLPs-containing cream resulted in a 4.20% increase in L*, 7.87% decrease in b*, 8.45% decrease in TEWL, and 4.01% reduction in wrinkle length, indicating its superior brightening, barrier-repair, and anti-aging effects. Conclusions: This multi-level, systematic investigation strongly suggests that SA-NLPs represent a highly promising transdermal delivery strategy, capable of significantly enhancing the anti-aging, barrier-repair, and skin-brightening properties of SA, thus opening new avenues for its application in the fields of dermatology and cosmeceuticals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid/Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems)
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32 pages, 8972 KiB  
Review
Skin Photoaging and the Biological Mechanism of the Protective Effects of Hesperidin and Derived Molecules
by Paolo Bellavite and Alice Imbriano
Antioxidants 2025, 14(7), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14070788 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 2049
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation is a major risk factor for the development of skin ailments, ranging from erythema in acute cases to premature skin aging and skin cancer in chronic reactions. While skin cells show a remarkable protective capacity against [...] Read more.
The ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation is a major risk factor for the development of skin ailments, ranging from erythema in acute cases to premature skin aging and skin cancer in chronic reactions. While skin cells show a remarkable protective capacity against solar radiation, there is a growing interest in the use of natural substances for photoprotection purposes. This article describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying UV radiation-induced skin aging, with a particular focus on the potential beneficial effects of hesperidin and its derivatives: hesperetin, hesperidin glucoside, and hesperidin methylchalcone. A review of the literature from the last 20 years reveals a substantial body of experimental evidence supporting the role of hesperidin in protecting the skin against UV radiation, and its effects on skin cells and tissue, including oxidative stress and aging processes. Moreover, flavonoids have other beneficial effects on skin cell vitality by modulating the immune system, metalloproteinases, and angiogenesis. The key mechanisms for the action of hesperidin and its derivatives involve the activation of the Nrf-2/ARE system, the expression of longevity genes CISD2, and interference with the MAP kinase and PI3PK/Akt signal transduction pathways. In murine experimental models, these derivative molecules have a protective role both systemically after dietary intake and through the topical application of dermocosmetic creams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)
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20 pages, 2388 KiB  
Article
Role of Emulsifiers and SPF Booster in Sunscreen Performance: Assessing SPF, Rheological Behavior, Texture, and Stability
by Miroslava Špaglová, Paula Čermáková, Patrícia Jackuliaková and Juraj Piešťanský
Cosmetics 2025, 12(3), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12030118 - 5 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1461
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of emulsifier substitution and booster concentration on sunscreen characteristics, including physical properties, the sun protection factor (SPF), and sensory attributes. The impact of substituting Polysorbate® 80 with Beautyderm® K10 as an emulsifier in sunscreen formulations, along [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of emulsifier substitution and booster concentration on sunscreen characteristics, including physical properties, the sun protection factor (SPF), and sensory attributes. The impact of substituting Polysorbate® 80 with Beautyderm® K10 as an emulsifier in sunscreen formulations, along with the effect of increasing concentrations of the Sunhancer™ Eco SPF Booster, was thoroughly evaluated. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine SPF, while texture analysis and rheological measurements assessed physical characteristics. Stability was evaluated using a centrifuge stress test, and sensory analysis was conducted on the top-performing formulation. The results indicated that the choice of emulsifier and booster concentration significantly influenced SPF values and stability. The influence of booster concentration on textural properties was most significant in formulations containing Beautyderm®. Centrifuge testing revealed phase separation in certain formulations. Notably, the formulations that exhibited the greatest stability were those in which Beautyderm® was combined with either Polysorbate® or Span®. Following the stability test results, the cream formulation containing Beautyderm® and Polysorbate® as emulsifiers was further evaluated through sensory analysis. Independent assessors determined that the sensory attributes of the cream did not undergo significant changes even when zinc oxide was added at a concentration of 1% (w/w) to the formulation. These findings underscore the importance of carefully selecting emulsifiers and boosters to achieve high sun protection efficacy, stability, and desirable sensory properties in sunscreen formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cosmetic Dermatology)
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16 pages, 1793 KiB  
Article
Exploring Skin Biometrics, Sensory Profiles, and Rheology of Two Photoprotective Formulations with Natural Extracts: A Commercial Product Versus a Vegan Test Formulation
by Karine Campos Nunes, Bruna Lendzion Alves, Rafaela Said dos Santos, Lennon Alonso de Araújo, Rosângela Bergamasco, Marcos Luciano Bruschi, Tânia Ueda-Nakamura, Sueli de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager and Celso Vataru Nakamura
Cosmetics 2025, 12(3), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12030112 - 27 May 2025
Viewed by 833
Abstract
Cumulative exposure to UV radiation can lead to harmful effects such as skin burns, photoaging, and skin cancer, thus highlighting the importance of using photoprotective formulations. Many sunscreens are vegan and have antioxidant substances to ensure additional photochemoprotective action. We evaluated biophysical, rheological, [...] Read more.
Cumulative exposure to UV radiation can lead to harmful effects such as skin burns, photoaging, and skin cancer, thus highlighting the importance of using photoprotective formulations. Many sunscreens are vegan and have antioxidant substances to ensure additional photochemoprotective action. We evaluated biophysical, rheological, and sensorial parameters of Face Care Facial Moisturizing Cream® (P1) and a vegan formulation (P2) by in vitro and in vivo tests. Sun Protection Factor (SPF) was evaluated by Mansur method. Biophysical parameters were analyzed: sebum content, hydration level, transepidermal water loss, erythema and melanin level, skin color, and skin pH. The acceptance profile of the formulations was determined using a 9-point hedonic scale and a 5-point purchase intention test. The SPF values of P1 and P2 obtained by in vitro tests were 25.21 and 12.10, respectively. They also exhibited pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior, which could contribute to better spreadability and form a protective film. Biometric tests showed an increase in hydration and skin sebum, decreased erythema, and maintenance of skin pH after application of both formulations. The comparison of a commercialized product and a vegan test version showed similar rheological and great acceptance profiles. Therefore, the vegan formulation is a good alternative to reach a different market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Cosmetics in 2025)
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16 pages, 4386 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Three Formulations of Hair Cosmetic Products Containing the Essential Oil of Clinopodium bolivianum (Benth.) Kuntze “inca muña”
by Raymí Celeste Obispo-Huamani, James Calva, Luis Miguel V. Félix-Veliz, Haydee Chávez, Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte, Javier Hernán Chavez-Espinoza, Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo, Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca and Oscar Herrera-Calderon
Cosmetics 2025, 12(3), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12030088 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 2267
Abstract
Clinopodium bolivianum (Benth.) Kuntze, commonly known as muña, inca muña or koa, has traditionally been used for its medicinal properties in digestive disorders. Some studies have revealed its antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity. This study determined the volatile components, evaluated the antioxidant capacity [...] Read more.
Clinopodium bolivianum (Benth.) Kuntze, commonly known as muña, inca muña or koa, has traditionally been used for its medicinal properties in digestive disorders. Some studies have revealed its antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity. This study determined the volatile components, evaluated the antioxidant capacity of C. bolivianum essential oil and its incorporation into three hair cosmetic formulations: shampoo, combing cream, and capillary lotion. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) confirmed pulegone as the main component, accounting for 66.85% of the essential oil. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, with Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) as a reference compound. The essential oil exhibited significant radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 1344.0 ± 12.23 µg/mL for DPPH and 40.125 ± 1.25 µg/mL for ABTS. Among the formulated cosmetic products, the combing cream containing 0.5% of the essential oil demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 0.72 µg/mL (DPPH) and 0.068 µg/mL (ABTS). In contrast, the shampoo and capillary lotion showed lower antioxidant potential. The stability evaluation confirmed that all formulations maintained their physicochemical properties under accelerated conditions. These findings highlight the potential application of C. bolivianum essential oil as a natural antioxidant in cosmetic formulations, contributing to its protective and functional properties. Full article
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23 pages, 4612 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Achillea millefolium var. Paprika Extract with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Skin Protection Potential in Topical Application
by Monika Michalak, Martyna Zagórska-Dziok, Paulina Żarnowiec, Anita Bocho-Janiszewska, Małgorzata Stryjecka, Dorota Kostrzewa, Natalia Dobros and Katarzyna Paradowska
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 4631; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094631 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1201
Abstract
Yarrow has long been known as a medicinal plant and has recently been gaining in importance as a cosmetic plant. The purpose of the study was to perform a phytochemical evaluation of extracts from yarrow herb of the Paprika cultivar, which has not [...] Read more.
Yarrow has long been known as a medicinal plant and has recently been gaining in importance as a cosmetic plant. The purpose of the study was to perform a phytochemical evaluation of extracts from yarrow herb of the Paprika cultivar, which has not previously been studied in this regard, and to determine its protective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Comparative analysis of two types of extracts, obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), showed that the former had higher content of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and condensed tannins, as well as better antioxidant properties, as determined by spectrophotometric methods (DPPH and FRAP). The biological properties of the water–ethanol yarrow herb extract obtained by UAE was tested in vitro on 15 microbial strains (14 bacterial strains and one fungal strain), as well as on two lines of skin cells: HaCaT keratinocytes and HDF fibroblasts. In addition, the sun protection factor and rheological characteristics of a model cosmetic cream based on the extract were determined. Yarrow extract was shown to exhibit a number of important activities for cosmetic ingredients, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, photoprotective, and anti-ageing activity. The results of the study indicate that this material has potential applications in cosmetics, e.g., in products for mature skin with signs of ageing such as wrinkles or hyperpigmentation. Full article
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16 pages, 4473 KiB  
Article
Topical Administration of Vitamin D2 Combined with Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles Promotes Wound Repair and Protection Against Skin Irritation and UVB Irradiation in 3D Reconstructed Human Skin Models
by Francesca Truzzi, Camilla Tibaldi, Silvia Dilloo, Annalisa Saltari, Mitchell P. Levesque, Fabio Arcangeli, Alfredo Garzi, Giuseppe Ruggiero and Giovanni Dinelli
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(4), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17040472 - 4 Apr 2025
Viewed by 680
Abstract
Background/Objectives: There is a great demand for novel, multipurpose, natural skin-care products in the global skin repair and sun protection markets. Within this framework, the potential benefits of topical Vitamin D2 (VD2) administration in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were examined. Methods [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: There is a great demand for novel, multipurpose, natural skin-care products in the global skin repair and sun protection markets. Within this framework, the potential benefits of topical Vitamin D2 (VD2) administration in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were examined. Methods: Evaluating the efficacy of the VD2+AgNP cream in wound healing, skin irritation and UVB irradiation protection necessitated preclinical testing using reconstructed human skin equivalent models (prepared from human foreskins) containing both a fully stratified epidermal layer and underlying dermis. Results: Application of the cream significantly improved wound healing by stimulating keratinocyte re-epithelialization and dermal fibroblast migration in models subjected to full-thickness (scratch and biopsy punch) wounds, compared to untreated models. The VD2+AgNP cream, administered prior to the induction of skin irritation by 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) afforded protection by ameliorating cell viability epidermal thickness and interleukin-1alpha levels. UVB exposure (50 mJ/cm2) significantly reduced cell viability and epidermal thickness (associated with increased epidermal breakage), as well as basal layer Ki67 and supra-basal layer involucrin expression, compared to the CTRL sham-irradiated models. The cream administered prior to UVB irradiation (protective capacity) showed greater efficacy in minimizing epidermal damage. This was reflected by significantly higher Ki67 and involucrin expression, as well as lower epidermal breakage, compared to models where the cream was applied following UVB irradiation (curative capacity). Conclusions: The VD2+AgNP cream shows multipurpose potential in skin protection. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated. Full article
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8 pages, 2644 KiB  
Case Report
A Daily Cleansing–Moisturizing Routine for Maintaining Skin Integrity in Aged-Care Residents: A Case Report
by Dalibor Mijaljica, Joshua P. Townley, Fabrizio Spada, Maria Nguyen, Yenny Cheung, Wendy Chow, Sandra Brown, Sharon Meere and Mikayla Lai
Dermato 2025, 5(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/dermato5010005 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1356
Abstract
Background and Objective: Age-related skin changes affect the skin’s structural and functional integrity and reduce the ability of the skin to perform its key barrier functions. Skin breakdown associated with dryness and itch becomes very common and older individuals are at an increasing [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Age-related skin changes affect the skin’s structural and functional integrity and reduce the ability of the skin to perform its key barrier functions. Skin breakdown associated with dryness and itch becomes very common and older individuals are at an increasing risk. We aimed to evaluate a daily cleansing–moisturizing routine and conduct a skin assessment for the presence of five underlying skin integrity parameters among aged-care residents. Methods: This small, 6-week evaluation study included four participants over 80 years of age, all of whom were residents at OLC Care, Rocky Point Residence, Beverley Park, NSW, Australia. Skin assessment for the presence of five underlying clinical parameters including itchy skin, dry skin, bruising, skin tears and pressure injuries was conducted for all four participants at baseline and during the evaluation period. Clinical notes were also taken at baseline, during the evaluation and at the post-evaluation. Furthermore, clinical photographs were taken at baseline and after 2–3 weeks of the cleansing–moisturizing routine. Results: Of the four aged-care residents who participated in this evaluation study, all four showed overall improvement in the appearance of the skin with a reduction in severity of the five underlying skin integrity parameters, including itchy skin, dry skin, bruising, skin tears and pressure injuries, where present. Discussion and Conclusions: This case study has produced basic evidence to support a daily cleansing–moisturizing routine (comprising QV cleansers and moisturizers, and/or a protective barrier cream) as it provides moisturizing and protective benefits to the delicate and fragile skin of aged-care residents, where the aim is to reduce skin integrity associated issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is Your Diagnosis?—Case Report Collection)
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16 pages, 3215 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant and Photoprotective Activity of Bromelain Cream: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
by Zahra Marissa, Soraya Ratnawulan Mita, Cahya Khairani Kusumawulan and Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Cosmetics 2025, 12(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12020041 - 28 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2170
Abstract
Bromelain, a natural enzyme derived from pineapple, is known for its antioxidant properties, and its potential as a photoprotective agent has garnered interest in skincare applications. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of bromelain-based creams in [...] Read more.
Bromelain, a natural enzyme derived from pineapple, is known for its antioxidant properties, and its potential as a photoprotective agent has garnered interest in skincare applications. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of bromelain-based creams in providing antioxidant and photoprotective protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) was determined in vitro and in vivo to evaluate photoprotective activity. The results revealed that bromelain exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Photoprotection, as measured by SPF, the formulation F3, which combined bromelain with other UV filters, exhibited the highest SPF values of 22.043 ± 0.277 (in vitro) and 21.3 ± 2.901 (in vivo), indicating enhanced photoprotective efficacy. This improvement in SPF was likely due to the synergistic effect of bromelain with the UV filters Octyl Methoxycinnamate (OMC). The findings suggest a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and photoprotection, with bromelain’s antioxidant properties contributing to its overall photoprotective effect. Bromelain may be used on people without causing skin or eye irritation. This study supports the potential of bromelain-based creams as dual-action skincare formulations, offering both antioxidant and UV protection. Full article
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24 pages, 4840 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial and Preservative Potential of Eugenol and Isoeugenol in Cosmetics: A Natural Solution for Product Stability
by Anna Fajdek-Bieda, Joanna Pawlińska, Agnieszka Wróblewska, Wojciech Żwierełło, Agnieszka Łuś and Adam Klimowicz
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 2129; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15042129 - 17 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2770
Abstract
Eugenol (EU) and isoeugenol (IZO-EU) are naturally occurring compounds known for their strong antibacterial properties, which makes them ideal candidates for application as preservatives in cosmetic products. Primarily derived from clove oil, EU demonstrates potent antibacterial effects against a wide range of microorganisms, [...] Read more.
Eugenol (EU) and isoeugenol (IZO-EU) are naturally occurring compounds known for their strong antibacterial properties, which makes them ideal candidates for application as preservatives in cosmetic products. Primarily derived from clove oil, EU demonstrates potent antibacterial effects against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast-like fungi such as Candida albicans. Their antibacterial action is mainly connected with their ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes and inhibit key enzymatic processes. IZO-EU, a structural isomer of EU, also shows significant activity against various pathogens. In these studies, the effectiveness of EU and IZO-EU as preservatives in cosmetic formulations was tested. The antibacterial activity tests, using the disk diffusion method, assessed their effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), and Candida albicans. Creams containing the different concentrations of EU and IZO-EU (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%) were tested for microbiological purity, texture, consistency, and stability over a defined storage period and under controlled conditions (temperature, humidity, and light exposure). Microbiological purity was assessed through the standard culture methods, while the texture and consistency were evaluated using rheological measurements and sensory analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that both compounds effectively preserved the creams, maintaining the microbiological purity without significantly altering the texture, consistency, or stability throughout the storage period. Additionally, EU and IZO-EU not only enhanced the antibacterial protection of the formulations but also contributed to the pleasant fragrance. Furthermore, preliminary studies were conducted on their anticancer properties using the LoVo (colon cancer) and U87MG (glioma) cell lines. These studies revealed the hormetic effects at the low concentrations and cytotoxicity at the higher doses, suggesting that EU and IZO-EU may have therapeutic potential beyond cosmetic applications. These studies support the application of EU and IZO-EU as natural, multifunctional ingredients in cosmetics, offering both preservative and sensory benefits while meeting the growing consumer demand for natural and sustainable solutions in the beauty industry. Full article
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26 pages, 11657 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Effect of Camellia Sinensis Essence Cream on Skin Burns
by Tolga Mercantepe, Adnan Yilmaz, Atilla Topcu, Ali Bilgin, Levent Tumkaya and Filiz Mercantepe
Life 2025, 15(2), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020176 - 25 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
Background/Objective: Burn injuries are among the most common causes of trauma globally, affecting millions annually. Current treatments often rely on topical agents, but alternatives to synthetic formulations are increasingly sought due to safety and efficacy concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Burn injuries are among the most common causes of trauma globally, affecting millions annually. Current treatments often rely on topical agents, but alternatives to synthetic formulations are increasingly sought due to safety and efficacy concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a cream containing Camellia sinensis (white tea) extract on third-degree burn-induced skin lesions in a rat model. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: control, Burn only, Burn + Camellia sinensis extract, and Burn + Camellia sinensis cream. Skin biopsies were evaluated using histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured to assess oxidative stress, while histological damage and immunoreactivity for collagen I, collagen III, NF-kβ/p65, TNF-alfa, 8-OhDG, and caspase-3 were analyzed. Results: The Camellia sinensis cream significantly reduced MDA levels and increased GSH levels compared to the burn-only group (p < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed enhanced epidermal regeneration and reduced dermal damage. The immunohistochemical findings demonstrated reduced NF-kβ/p65, TNF-alfa, 8-OhDG, caspase-3, collagen I, and collagen III immunopositivity in the cream-treated group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Camellia sinensis cream demonstrated significant protective and reparative effects on burn-induced skin damage, suggesting its potential as a natural, effective, and safe alternative for burn management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Plants and Plant Extracts)
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11 pages, 560 KiB  
Article
Impact of Commercial Protective Culture on Manouri PDO Cheese
by Thomas Bintsis and Maria A. Kyritsi
Fermentation 2025, 11(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11010035 - 16 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1080
Abstract
Manouri is a Greek whey cheese, with a Protected Denomination of Origin recognition, produced by heating the cheese whey and added milk and/or cream at high temperatures (88–90 °C) to form a coagulum. High-heat treatment results in the inactivation of any indigenous microorganisms [...] Read more.
Manouri is a Greek whey cheese, with a Protected Denomination of Origin recognition, produced by heating the cheese whey and added milk and/or cream at high temperatures (88–90 °C) to form a coagulum. High-heat treatment results in the inactivation of any indigenous microorganisms from the raw materials. However, the high moisture, fat and pH of the cheese make it a favorable medium for the growth of any microbial contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate the application of a commercial protective culture (CPC) on the microbial profile of Manouri cheese during storage. Three treatments were prepared: S1 was the control cheese with sterile water sprayed on the surface, S2 was sprayed with a dense CPC and S3 with a diluted CPC. The experimental cheeses were covered with greaseproof paper and stored at 5 °C for 21 days. For all three treatments, the fat content and total solids showed a significant increase during storage, while protein and carbohydrates showed a significant decrease at 14 days. The application of the CPC resulted in cheeses with higher pH than the control cheese, probably due to the growth of acidifying lactic acid bacteria in the microbiota of the S2 and S3 cheeses. Manouri cheese sprayed with the CPC showed a reduction of 1.60–1.69 log CFU/g in the population of yeasts; no effect was observed on Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. The dominant yeast microbiota was identified as Candida zeylanoides (63.5%), Candida parapsilosis (21.1%) and Candida famata (15.4%). Although the application of the CPC was not able to control the spoilage bacteria, it showed an effective way to control the growth of yeasts in Manouri cheese. However, the presence of certain Candida spp. reveals the significance of applying good hygiene practices throughout the cheesemaking process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dairy Fermentation, 3rd Edition)
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27 pages, 3463 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Carbohydrate–Lipid Nanocarriers: In Vitro Efficacy Gene-Rated by Association of UV-Absorbers and Raspberry Polyphenols Rich-Fraction
by Nicoleta Badea, Diego Samayoa, Alina Moroşan, Cristina Ott and Ioana Lacatusu
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18010016 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1103
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The study aims to investigate an improved version of lipid nanocarriers (NLCs) (formulated with functional coconut butter and marula oil) by designing hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated NLC co-loaded with dual UVA (butyl methoxy dibenzoyl methane, BMDBM), UVB absorbers (ethyl-hexyl-salicylate, EHS) and a [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The study aims to investigate an improved version of lipid nanocarriers (NLCs) (formulated with functional coconut butter and marula oil) by designing hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated NLC co-loaded with dual UVA (butyl methoxy dibenzoyl methane, BMDBM), UVB absorbers (ethyl-hexyl-salicylate, EHS) and a Raspberry rich polyphenols fraction (RPRF) for development of more natural NLC-based to-pical formulations. Methods: Quality and quantitative attributes of classic- and HA-NLC have been assigned based on particle size, electrokinetic potential, encapsulation efficiency, spectroscopic characteristics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. To establish the performance profile of antioxidant activity, release of active substances, sun blocking action, and photostability, in vitro studies were conducted. Results: NLC with an average size of ~150 nm and zeta potentials < −39.5 mV showed 80% and 93.1% of encapsulation efficiency for BMDBM and EHS, and up to 83% for natural RPRF. A long-lasting release of absorbers, with a maximum cumulative release of 2.1% BMDBM and 4.6% EHS was detected. NLC-UV Abs-RPRF-HA assured 72.83% radical scavenging activity. The IC50 for HA-NLC-UV Abs-RPRF was 6.25-fold lower than NLC-UV Abs-HA, which reflects the greater free radical scavenging action. The conditioned NLC–UV Abs-RPRF-HA cream was able to provide a sun protection factor value of 52 and UVA-PF value of 81, which underlines an impressive removal of both categories of UVA and UVB radiation. A significant photoprotective upregulation, four-fold for the topical formulation with NLC-UV Abs-RPRF-HA, resulted after a simulated irradiation process. Conclusions: HA decorated-NLC-conditioned creams might provide a useful platform for developing na-tural and sophisticated dermal delivery systems, for influencing skin permeability, and for synergistically imparting antioxidant and photoprotective actions to cosmetic pro-ducts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Natural Product Based Nanostructured Systems)
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12 pages, 440 KiB  
Article
The Importance of Early Detection and Prevention of Atypical Skin Lesions and Other Melanoma Risk Factors in a Younger Population
by Paulina Karp, Katarzyna Karp, Marcelina Kądziela, Radosław Zajdel and Agnieszka Żebrowska
Cancers 2024, 16(24), 4264; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16244264 - 22 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is becoming increasingly common due to increasing risk factors such as excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic predisposition, fair skin, and a history of sunburn. Melanoma accounts for only 1% of cases but causes most skin cancer deaths. Dysplastic nevi (DN) [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is becoming increasingly common due to increasing risk factors such as excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic predisposition, fair skin, and a history of sunburn. Melanoma accounts for only 1% of cases but causes most skin cancer deaths. Dysplastic nevi (DN) are important precursors of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of these risk factors on the incidence and stage of skin cancer. Methods: The study included 591 patients aged 18 to 64 who visited the Department of Dermatology and Venereology in 2022–2023 for skin examinations. Each patient completed a questionnaire regarding the risk factors for melanoma and atypical melanocytic nevi and then underwent a dermatoscopic examination of the whole body using a digital videodermatoscope. Results: Dermatoscopic examination revealed a lesion suggestive of melanoma in 1.69% of the patients. Risk factors for developing melanoma included male gender, family history of melanoma, number of skin moles, sunburn in childhood, sun-dependent hobby, using a tanning bed, using low sun protection factor (SPF) cream, not avoiding sun exposure, and co-occurrence of actinic keratosis. Conclusions: Risk factors for melanoma and dysplastic nevi are still common among patients, but the situation has been improving over the years. Early intervention and education on sun safety can play pivotal roles in reducing the incidence of atypical moles and potentially preventing malignant transformations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dermoscopy in Skin Cancer)
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