Search Results (13,036)

Development decisions in thick carbonate reservoirs typically rely on average properties or isolated high-permeability zones, even though these parameters may reflect distinct flow controls. In this study, we propose a scale-dependent diagnostic framework for the Mishrif MB1 reservoir utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising 145 m of core, 286 cast thin sections, 741 porosity measurements, 699 valid permeability measurements, mercury-injection data, well logs, interwell correlations, and property models. Our analysis reveals that permeability exhibits significantly greater heterogeneity than porosity, demonstrating a coefficient of variation of 2.105 compared to 0.413. More importantly, sublayer rankings diverge considerably across different scales. MB1-2A exhibits the poorest background quality alongside the most pronounced permeability dispersion and the strongest architectural segmentation (0.38 sets m⁻¹). In contrast, MB1-2B and MB1-2C contain broader mixed pore-throat systems; notably, MB1-2C boasts the highest average quality but the lowest segmentation frequency (0.18 sets m⁻¹). Depositional microfacies govern the initial grain-mud fabric and body geometry, while differential dissolution and cementation amplify flow-capacity contrasts, with bioturbation contributing to local variability. Ultimately, these scale-specific heterogeneity profiles provide a robust static geological framework for development decisions, including reservoir subdivision, areal zoning, pathway control, and zonal water allocation. Future integration with dynamic injection-production and connectivity data will serve to validate and refine these evidence-based hypotheses. Full article

Floriculture and ornamental horticulture face pressure to improve environmental and social performance without undermining economic viability, yet evidence on how sustainability becomes economic value remains fragmented. This systematic mapping and bibliometric review examines the field’s evolution and structure, the conditions under which sustainability attributes generate consumer value, and the firm-level and governance factors shaping adoption and value distribution. Scopus and Web of Science were searched on 10 May 2026 for English-language journal articles published from 2015 onwards. A PRISMA-guided process retained 77 studies, analysed through descriptive statistics, VOSviewer co-occurrence mapping, thematic classification and narrative synthesis. Publication activity became more continuous after 2020, but consumer preferences and willingness to pay accounted for 32.5% of the corpus. Bibliometric mapping identified three connected domains: sectoral sustainability and competitiveness, consumer valuation, and business adoption. Local origin, certification, pollinator-friendly production, reduced pesticide use and native plants can support differentiation and price premiums when aesthetic and functional quality, acceptable prices, label comprehension and trust are maintained. Producer-side evidence is less developed: adoption depends on investment and labour requirements, production risk, finance and buyer coordination. Certification may improve reputation and market access, while compliance costs, scale requirements and bargaining asymmetries can exclude smaller firms or prevent benefits from reaching growers and workers. The review distinguishes market potential, firm-level viability and realised value-chain outcomes. Sustainability creates economic value when consumer recognition, production feasibility and credible governance are aligned; future research should connect observed purchases and transaction prices with adoption costs, contracts and measurable environmental and social outcomes. Full article

Maintaining grain production security in drylands requires improvements in land productivity and stability under climatic and resource constraints. Existing studies have often examined production dynamics, yield-related conditions, and per-capita grain availability separately, leaving their long-term relationships across contrasting agro-ecological systems insufficiently understood. Using county-level data for Gansu Province, China, from 2000 to 2024, this study integrated trend and stability analysis, Getis–Ord G_i^* statistics, random forests, and principal component analysis to examine production dynamics, county yield clusters, predictor importance, and the relationship between a production input-scale index (F) and per-capita grain availability (P). Grain production increased by 81.7% and yield by 87.2%, while grain-sown area decreased by 2.9%, indicating yield-led growth. Detrended departures generally narrowed after 2016. High-yield clusters persisted in the Hexi Corridor, whereas a limited cold-spot cluster emerged in the Southern Alpine and Mountainous Region after 2018. Random forest predictive profiles differed among zones, with greater grouped climatic importance in the Hexi Corridor, greater socioeconomic importance on the Loess Plateau, and a more uncertain mixed profile in the Southern Alpine and Mountainous Region. F increased overall but retained its regional hierarchy, and its association with P remained weak to moderate (r = 0.19–0.38). Shortage counties declined from 53 to 19, while surplus counties increased from 17 to 52—most of this transition occurred on the Loess Plateau and involved both lower- and higher-F surplus types. Overall, grain production security in Gansu improved through higher productivity and smaller recent departures from long-term trends. County-level yield remained spatially clustered, and improvements in per-capita grain availability occurred under different input-scale conditions. By integrating productivity, temporal stability, spatial heterogeneity, and the relationship between input scale and per-capita availability, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of grain production security and an empirical basis for differentiated management in resource-constrained drylands. Full article

It is well established that aging is accompanied by the accumulation of senescent cells across tissues. The triggers inducing cellular senescence are diverse and vary across cell types and organs, underpinning the high diversity of senescence phenotypes within individual cell types as well as at the tissue and organismal levels. Identifying common transcriptional patterns and senescence triggers while accounting for the remarkable diversity of aged and dysfunctional cells is fundamental to developing strategies aimed at reducing senescent cell burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the heterogeneity of human senescent cells across tissues at single-cell transcriptome resolution. We selected publicly available scRNA-seq data from healthy donors for the skin, lungs, small and large intestine, kidneys, and heart. The final dataset comprised 1.5 million cells from six tissues, encompassing 64 annotated cell types across 177 donors aged 15 to 88 years. To identify cell type-specific senescence signatures, we reproduced and adapted the signature identification algorithm underlying the SenePy library. This enabled us to identify de novo genes associated with aging and senescent status within a given dataset. Next, for senescent cells of each cell type, we obtained differentially expressed gene sets and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using a broad collection of terms reflecting functional status, metabolic activity, and adaptive responses to various forms of cellular stress. As a result, we identified organ-specific aging features in senescent cells of different cell types. We also assessed the enrichment of antigen presentation pathways and the production of senescence-associated pro-inflammatory factors (SASP) in senescent cells across tissues. Furthermore, our analysis revealed novel tissue-specific patterns of ligand-receptor interactions between senescent cells and their microenvironment. Full article

Ruscus aculeatus L. (butcher’s broom) is traditionally used in the management of chronic venous disorders; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its vascular activity remain insufficiently characterized. This study investigated the effects of an 80% ethanolic rhizome extract on human cerebral microvascular endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The extract was phytochemically characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–DAD–HRMS), while its biological effects were evaluated by assessing cell viability and the secretion of selected cytokines, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms, using Bio-Plex multiplex assays. Phytochemical analysis confirmed steroidal saponins as the predominant constituents and also revealed minor phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acid amides. The extract (10 and 50 μg/mL) was well tolerated by hCMEC/D3 cells and did not significantly reduce cell viability under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Its effects on cytokine secretion depended on oxygen availability and the mediator examined. Under hypoxia, the extract partially shifted interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion toward normoxic levels and attenuated interferon alpha (IFN-α)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, whereas a significant increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) relative to the untreated control was observed only with the combination of 50 μg/mL extract and IFN-α. Hypoxia also differentially affected TGF-β isoforms, increasing TGF-β1 and decreasing TGF-β2, while treatment with the extract shifted both responses toward the profile observed under normoxia; TGF-β3 remained largely unchanged. Overall, these findings indicate that R. aculeatus rhizome extract does not exert a uniform anti-inflammatory effect but rather modulates endothelial secretory responses in an oxygen- and mediator-dependent manner. These observations provide new insights into the endothelial effects of R. aculeatus that may contribute to its vascular activity. Full article

The Middle Permian Qipan Formation in the Pishan 1 well, located in the Kekeya structural belt of the southwestern Tarim Basin, has recently delivered high-yield oil and gas production. Deep-buried hydrocarbon accumulations in this area have experienced complex multi-stage charging and post-entrapment fluid alteration, giving rise to pronounced hydrocarbon property contrasts among different sand groups within the same stratigraphic interval. This study systematically examines crude oils and natural gases from Sand Groups I, II, and IV of the middle Permian Qipan Formation in the Pishan 1 well, employing bulk oil physical property measurements, whole-oil gas chromatography, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon geochemical parameters, natural gas compositional analyses, and fluid-inclusion petrography, together with previously acquired quantitative grain fluorescence data to unravel the genetic linkages and differentiation mechanisms among these sand groups. The results demonstrate that crude oils from the three sand groups share a unified source-rock affinity, all being derived from lacustrine source rocks of the Permian Pusige Formation. The n-alkane distribution patterns, carbon preference index (CPI) and odd–even predominance (OEP) values, and sterane assemblages consistently point to similar organic matter inputs and thermal maturation histories. Relative to Sand Groups I and IV, oils in Sand Group II display marked gas enrichment and compositional lightening, manifested by higher gas–oil ratios, lower densities, and reduced wax contents; the associated gases also exhibit elevated dryness coefficients and thermal maturity. Geochemical evidence indicates that these anomalous characteristics of Sand Group II are predominantly controlled by late-stage gas washing imparted by highly mature natural gas. By integrating fluid-inclusion petrography, solid-bitumen evidence, and hydrocarbon geochemistry, the hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Pishan 1 well is interpreted as a relative multi-stage sequence comprising an early oil-charging stage, a subsequent light-oil/condensate charging stage, and a later natural-gas overprint. Early oil charging was primarily governed by reservoir quality, whereas the intensity of late-stage gas invasion was jointly modulated by structural position, fracture intensity, and bitumen sealing. Sand Group II ultimately evolved into a condensate gas reservoir subjected to extensive gas washing. This study elucidates the mechanisms responsible for fluid property heterogeneity at the single-well scale within deep accumulations and underscores the critical influence of selective late-stage gas intrusion, conditioned by reservoir heterogeneity, on hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid differentiation. Quartz-hosted fluid inclusions and grain-surface fluorescence provide complementary mineral-scale records of hydrocarbon charging and subsequent fluid alteration within the sampled reservoir interval. The findings provide a well-scale perspective on fluid differentiation and multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation in deep reservoirs of the southwestern Tarim piedmont belt. Full article

Objective: Esophageal cancer (ESCA) has poor prognosis and lacks reliable biomarkers. This study aimed to construct a mitochondrial energy metabolism-related prognostic model and identify key regulatory genes. Methods: TCGA-ESCA and GSE53625 data were used as training and validation cohorts, respectively. Mitochondrial energy metabolism scores were calculated by ssGSEA. Differential expression analysis and WGCNA identified key genes, followed by consensus clustering, Cox/LASSO regression, enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, TIDE evaluation, and nomogram development. INHBA knockdown or overexpression was performed in KYSE-150 and TE-1 cells to assess malignant phenotypes, mitochondrial function, EMT markers, and Smad2/3 signaling, with SB431542 used for pathway blockade. Results: High mitochondrial energy metabolism scores predicted poorer overall survival. A total of 124 key genes were identified, and three molecular subtypes were established, with Cluster 2 showing the worst prognosis. A four-gene signature comprising COL11A1, INHBA, TNFAIP6, and POSTN stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups in both cohorts. High-risk tumors were enriched in extracellular matrix remodeling, cell adhesion, inflammatory response, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and PI3K-Akt signaling, whereas oxidative phosphorylation was more active in low-risk tumors. The high-risk group had higher TIDE scores, suggesting poorer immunotherapy response. The nomogram incorporating risk group and M stage showed limited discrimination after bootstrap correction. In vitro, INHBA promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and oxidative phosphorylation. SB431542 partially reversed these effects. Conclusions: This MEMRG-based model predicts ESCA prognosis and immune features. INHBA promotes ESCA progression by activating Smad2/3-mediated EMT and mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Full article

The red swamp crayfish is cultivated in intensive ponds and integrated rice–crayfish systems, which drive distinct growth-oriented versus stress-resistance syndromes, yet their metabolic underpinnings are unclear. We applied untargeted LC-MS metabolomics to hepatopancreas from both systems. Among 2681 metabolites, 566 were differentially abundant. Pond-cultured crayfish exhibited a lipid-centric anabolic metabolome (enriched ceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines, and free fatty acids) that supports rapid growth but incurs oxidative stress. Conversely, rice-paddy crayfish showed enhanced purine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and D-amino acid metabolism, reflecting energy mobilization and protein turnover under limited resources. Targeted assays confirmed significantly higher GSH/GSSG ratios (11.29 vs. 5.07) and lower MDA (3.07 vs. 5.00 nmol/mL) in rice-paddy crayfish, validating transcriptomic upregulation of glutathione biosynthesis. Integration with transcriptomic and phenotypic data revealed coherent trait–metabolite modules. Our findings suggest a trade-off between biomass production and systemic stress resistance, mediated by differential activation of purine and glutathione pathways, consistent with a growth–defense trade-off framework. This provides a mechanistic framework for sustainable aquaculture: integrated systems enhance robustness, whereas ponds require strategies to mitigate physiological load. Full article

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally vital oilseed crop for edible oil, biofuel and animal feed production, yet its yield and quality are severely threatened by a narrow genetic foundation, scarce germplasm and recurrent abiotic stresses including drought and salinity. Mediator subunits have been proven to be critical for abiotic stress tolerance in model plants, but systematic research on the Brassica napus Mediator (BnaMED) gene family and its stress regulatory mechanism in Brassica napus remains largely lacking. In this study, we identified 189 BnaMED members phylogenetically clustered into five subfamilies, with extensive family expansion mainly driven by whole-genome duplications, accompanied by functional differentiation and redundancy to bolster polyploid adaptability. Chromosomal mapping revealed 176 BnaMED genes unevenly distributed across A/C subgenomes. Through gene collinearity analysis among Brassica napus, Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays, we found that Brassica napus shares high collinearity with dicotyledonous species, such as Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana, indicating evolutionary conservation specific to dicots. Protein physicochemical properties and promoter cis-element analysis uncovered diverse structural features and extensive involvement in light, hormone and stress signaling pathways. Tissue expression profiling demonstrated distinct subfamily specificity and functional divergence. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that under salt stress, endogenous transcript levels of BnaMED family members BnaA09g34000D, BnaA09g23620D, BnaC03g31860D and BnaA06g10800D were up-regulated, whereas BnaA08g23170D and BnaA08g22420D were transcriptionally repressed. Following drought-stress treatment, all six genes (BnaA09g34000D, BnaA09g23620D, BnaA09g50540D, BnaA06g10800D, BnaA08g23170D and BnaA08g22420D) displayed markedly reduced expression. These observations reflect stress-specific regulatory strategies underlying abiotic-stress adaptation. In addition, several BnaMED genes showed dynamic expression during floral transition in the semi-winter Zhong Shuang 11 (ZS11) cultivar. This study provides a foundational insight into functional roles of BnaMED genes in rapeseed abiotic stress responses. Full article

Heat stress (HS) occurs when the body’s physiological mechanisms for regulating body temperature are unable to cope with external conditions. Regarding male reproductive function, HS increases testicular temperature, leading to a reduction in sperm production and motility, and an increase in abnormal sperm, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation. However, the molecular basis behind these induced HS changes has not been fully characterized. In bovine spermatozoa, post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) is activated during spermatogenesis, and mechanisms mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the control of gene expression throughout the germline differentiation. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles containing proteins, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs derived from seminal plasma and epididymis influence sperm motility, capacitation, and fertilization potential. Therefore, despite the fact that mature spermatozoa are in an inactive transcriptional state, these cells contain a complex population of RNAs playing a role in embryonic development, which can be exploited for research on and diagnosis of male infertility. This review aims to elucidate several aspects of bovine sperm physiology and molecular mechanisms. Particular attention is given to the cascade of functional, cellular, and molecular events triggered by elevated temperatures in mature spermatozoa to disclose strategies to mitigate HS effects and maintain bull fertility. Full article

Intensive swine production has elevated concerns regarding malodorous emissions, whose high complexity poses substantial challenges for deodorization assessment. This study conducted a multidimensional evaluation of a dual-stage scrubbing system in a multi-floor swine facility using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). By establishing volatile compound fingerprints, we quantified the shifts in 29 individual constituents before and after treatment. The GC-IMS results were further validated through comparative analysis with infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and sensory olfactometry. Results from multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) successfully differentiated the removal efficiencies of various components. Notably, GC-IMS revealed an apparent increase in the signal intensities of certain compounds, which might be overlooked by traditional analytical methods. While NH₃ removal efficiency measured by GC-IMS (79.86% with semi-quantitative analysis) was in high agreement with PAS results (77.89%), sensory olfactometry showed a non-significant reduction (p = 0.1571). Although GC-IMS provides a rapid platform for screening volatile compounds and tracking dynamic shifts during the deodorization process, detecting certain key swine malodor components requires further optimization. Ultimately, future methodological integration of GC-IMS, GC-MS, and olfactometry is essential to establish a field-validated evaluation framework for swine odor monitoring and deodorization efficiency assessment. Full article

The quality of Baobaoqu directly determines the flavor quality and yield of baijiu. In this work, metagenomic approaches combined with machine learning, including a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network model and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method, were employed to investigate the succession patterns and differential characteristics of microbial communities and potential enzymatic systems between two grades of Baobaoqu during storage. The results showed that Premium Baobaoqu possessed a more diverse microbial community than Normal Baobaoqu: a total of 1764 genera and 6901 species were annotated in Premium Baobaoqu, versus 1656 genera and 6440 species in Normal Baobaoqu. The top five dominant microbial genera, namely Weissella, Staphylococcus, Thermoactinomyces, Limosilactobacillus, and Pediococcus, collectively occupied 46.3–87.1% of the total microbial abundance. Ten microbial taxa were identified as key differential candidate microbial markers—including Weissella confusa, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Staphylococcus lloydii—eight of which exhibited significantly higher abundance in Premium Baobaoqu. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) constituted the largest enzyme class, accounting for 40.99% of the total. The top ten potential enzyme families significantly differentiated between them were GH43, GH31, GT9, GH2, CBM50, GH5, GH4, GT4, and GT26, with higher abundance of GH43, GH31, GH5, and CBM50 in Premium Baobaoqu. This study systematically uncovered the distinct microbial and enzymatic profiles of Baobaoqu of different qualities throughout storage. The findings provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of industrial production workflows and storage strategies for Baobaoqu manufacturing. Full article

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) with poultry by-product meal (PBM) on growth, physiological status, disease resistance, and hepatic transcriptomic responses in hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂). Methods: Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by replacing 0%, 12%, 24%, 36%, 48%, or 60% of dietary FM with PBM. Juveniles (initial weight 5.18 ± 0.02 g) were fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Results: Weight gain was maximized and the feed conversion ratio minimized in fish fed the FM19 diet, with broken-line regression analysis of weight gain estimating the optimal FM replacement level at 27.4%. Hepatic and intestinal superoxide dismutase activities, as well as intestinal trypsin activity, tended to decline as the level of FM replacement with PBM increased. Following Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge, 96-h cumulative survival was lower in the FM10 group than in all other groups. Principal component analysis of hepatic transcriptomes clearly separated the FM10 group from the FM25 and FM19 groups. Gene Ontology analysis associated differentially expressed genes with responses to hormones and endogenous stimuli (FM10 vs. FM25), protein folding and chaperone-mediated complex assembly (FM19 vs. FM25), and catabolic processes and mitochondrial function (FM10 vs. FM19). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis identified pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Moreover, genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation showed higher expression in the FM10 group compared with the FM19 and FM25 groups. Conclusions: Moderate FM replacement with PBM improved growth and feed utilization, whereas excessive replacement was associated with lower antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities, altered metabolic responses, and enhanced expression of inflammation-related genes, supporting PBM as a partial FM substitute in low-FM diets for hybrid yellow catfish. Full article

Potato tubers exhibit prominent spatial heterogeneity in starch accumulation across distinct anatomical zones, yet the underlying transcriptional and metabolic regulatory mechanisms remain unclear, especially the molecular basis for divergent starch deposition between high- and low-starch tetraploid cultivars. In this study, the high-starch cultivar Atlantic (DX) and low-starch cultivar Dingshu No. 1 (D) were used as experimental materials. Dynamic starch contents of the tuber cortex (CR), perimedullary region (PMR), and inner medullary region (IMR) were measured throughout starch biosynthetic stages. Integrated untargeted metabolomics and RNA-seq transcriptomics were performed to compare transcriptional and metabolic differentiation between CR and IMR with the largest starch gap, followed by qRT-PCR verification of hub genes. Physiological results showed that starch content in both cultivars followed the gradient CR > PMR > IMR, and inter-regional starch disparities expanded continuously with tuber development; low-starch D had lower overall starch levels and milder tissue differences than DX. Transcriptomic analysis revealed massive transcriptional activation in the cortex of both cultivars, while D displayed far more dramatic transcriptional divergence between CR and IMR than DX. Core transcription factors including AP2/ERF, bHLH and MYB were identified to mediate tissue-specific starch synthesis. Metabolomic data demonstrated severe carbon metabolic polarization in D (hyperactive cortex, weak inner medulla), whereas DX maintained balanced sugar metabolism across whole tuber tissues. Integrated multi-omics analysis of the starch and sucrose pathway (ko00500) screened 18 key structural genes. High-starch DX upregulated starch synthetic and sugar transport genes while repressing starch hydrolysis and carbon diversion genes, realizing coordinated whole-tuber carbon flux toward starch production. In contrast, D showed disrupted regulatory networks, excessive carbon shunting to secondary metabolism and aggravated starch degradation, limiting starch accumulation. Three conserved negative regulatory candidate genes, LOC102593331 (TPS), LOC102584887 (AMY), and LOC102580651 (EN), were characterized via tissue expression profiling: TPS dominates upstream carbon flux allocation, EN competes for starch precursors during cell wall synthesis, and AMY accelerates starch breakdown. This study systematically uncovered the molecular framework of spatial starch heterogeneity in tetraploid potato tubers, clarified the essential distinctions in carbon partitioning strategies between high- and low-starch cultivars, and provided valuable gene resources and theoretical support for high-starch potato molecular design breeding. Full article

Administrative labels such as “organic” or “pasture-fed” animal food products inadequately capture the biological complexity of dairy production systems and consequently fail to differentiate potentially meaningful associations with nutritional quality, environmental impact and consumers’ health. We developed a functional classification framework based on three measurable traits: (1) botanical diversity, (2) concentrate dependence, and (3) input intensity, and applied it to six observational and/or experimental studies from tropical Mexico (n = 109 farms across Yucatán, Chiapas, and Colima federal states). Animal production systems were categorized as: (a) biodiverse grazing (silvopastoral, organic, or traditional grazing; >15 plant species or 8–14 species with concentrate < 25% dry matter intake and no synthetic inputs) or (b) conventional (monoculture/indoor systems; <5 plant species or 6–10 species with concentrate >40% with a use of agrochemicals). Biodiverse grazing systems produced lower daily milk yields (6.1 vs. 7.7 L d⁻¹; p < 0.0001) but yielded milk with more favorable cardiovascular lipid indices: atherogenic index (AI: 1.6–2.2 vs. 1.9–2.5), thrombogenic index (TI: 2.3–2.7 vs. 2.3–3.1), and health promotion index (HPI: 0.46–0.67 vs. 0.40–0.54). Artisan cheese from biodiverse systems contained substantially higher concentrations of tocopherols (127 vs. 77 mg 100 g⁻¹ DM) and monoterpenes (460–475 vs. 111–126 ng kg⁻¹). An intensive silvopastoral system reduced enteric methane emissions by 18.2% (376 vs. 460 g d⁻¹; p < 0.05) and by 21.3% per unit dry matter intake (24.0 vs. 30.5 g kg⁻¹ DMI; p < 0.0001). Forage nutritional quality (crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber) varied by species and season, with these parameters influencing estimated methane emissions. In a C57BL/6 murine model of high-fat diet-induced obesity, milk from biodiverse silvopastoral systems attenuated body weight gain (30.5 vs. 36.8 g; p < 0.05), preserved glucose tolerance (AUC: 32,616 vs. 45,248), nearly eliminated hepatic macrovesicular steatosis, and promoted smaller adipocyte size (1863 vs. 3880 µm²; p < 0.05) compared with conventional milk. These findings suggest that functional ecological traits provide a useful framework for evaluating dairy systems, with biodiverse grazing offering a potential convergence of environmental sustainability and preclinical health benefits. Nevertheless, external validation across diverse tropical regions and direct human intervention trials remain necessary to establish generalizability, and the associations identified should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory. Full article