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In order to explore the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic properties of PA510/SiO₂ films, the effect of the stretching on the crystal structure and crystal orientation of stretched PA510/SiO₂ films was studied. It could be seen from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) graphs that the layered SiO₂ molecules were mainly oriented toward the machine direction (MD) and the dispersion could be improved by stretching. Through wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analysis, PA510/SiO₂ stretched films only contained a γ crystal form. During uniaxial stretching, especially for 1 × 3 film, the γ₁(100) crystal form was obviously oriented in the equatorial direction, and the orientation of γ₂(004) and γ₃(006) crystal forms could be observed in the meridian direction. According to the Herman orientation function, the orientation of the b-axis in the MD increased with the increase of the stretching ratio. It was worth noting that the orientation of the crystal region was more obvious. The addition of SiO₂ and the orientation of the crystalline and amorphous regions could improve the barrier properties of the films. The changes in the optical properties of stretched films were affected by the dispersion state of SiO₂ and the surface roughness. Full article

Cadaverine is a C5 diamine monomer used for the production of bio-based polyamide 510. Cadaverine is produced by the decarboxylation of l-lysine using a lysine decarboxylase (LDC). In this study, we developed recombinant Escherichia coli strains for the expression of LDC from Hafnia alvei. The resulting recombinant XBHaLDC strain was used as a whole cell biocatalyst for the high-level bioconversion of l-lysine into cadaverine without the supplementation of isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for the induction of protein expression and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a key cofactor for an LDC reaction. The comparison of results from enzyme characterization of E. coli and H. alvei LDC revealed that H. alvei LDC exhibited greater bioconversion ability than E. coli LDC due to higher levels of protein expression in all cellular fractions and a higher specific activity at 37 °C (1825 U/mg protein > 1003 U/mg protein). The recombinant XBHaLDC and XBEcLDC strains were constructed for the high-level production of cadaverine. Recombinant XBHaLDC produced a 1.3-fold higher titer of cadaverine (6.1 g/L) than the XBEcLDC strain (4.8 g/L) from 10 g/L of l-lysine. Furthermore, XBHaLDC, concentrated to an optical density (OD₆₀₀) of 50, efficiently produced 136 g/L of cadaverine from 200 g/L of l-lysine (97% molar yield) via an IPTG- and PLP-free whole cell bioconversion reaction. Cadaverine synthesized via a whole cell biocatalyst reaction using XBHaLDC was purified to polymer grade, and purified cadaverine was successfully used for the synthesis of polyamide 510. In conclusion, an IPTG- and PLP-free whole cell bioconversion process of l-lysine into cadaverine, using recombinant XBHaLDC, was successfully utilized for the production of bio-based polyamide 510, which has physical and thermal properties similar to polyamide 510 synthesized from chemical-grade cadaverine. Full article