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Keywords = piezoelectric transducer (PET)

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20 pages, 3920 KB  
Article
Long-Term Residual Stress Monitoring via Surface Acoustic Waves Using Piezoelectric Patch Transducers
by Marcel Ruetz, Mohsen Rezaei, Maximilian Pfeiffer, Sven Eck, Jürgen Maierhofer and Hans-Peter Gänser
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(20), 11132; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011132 - 17 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1106
Abstract
Residual stresses play a crucial role in the maintenance and longevity of engineering structures. However, continuous monitoring of these stresses remains a challenge due to cost, implementation complexity, and reliability concerns. The present contribution proposes a novel method for continuous long-term residual stress [...] Read more.
Residual stresses play a crucial role in the maintenance and longevity of engineering structures. However, continuous monitoring of these stresses remains a challenge due to cost, implementation complexity, and reliability concerns. The present contribution proposes a novel method for continuous long-term residual stress monitoring by tracking the effect of residual stress changes on the propagation velocity of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) due to the acoustoelastic effect via a fixed setup of piezoelectric patch transducers (PETs). The applicability of patch transducers to stress measurement using SAW was experimentally validated using tensile and bending tests on 25CrMo4 (1.7218) steel specimens. The tensile tests exhibited a consistent decrease in wave velocity with increasing stress, enabling straightforward determination of the acoustoelastic coefficient (AEC). The bending tests confirmed the method’s applicability, highlighting the need for multiple excitation frequencies to improve reliability and detect inconsistencies. Finally, it is briefly outlined how to separate residual and load stresses during long-term measurements. The results demonstrate that this approach provides a cost-effective solution for continuous monitoring of residual stresses in metallic materials, offering potential applications in structural health monitoring and predictive maintenance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Sensors: Design and Application)
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9 pages, 2483 KB  
Article
PET-PZT Dielectric Polarization: Electricity Harvested from Photon Energy
by Alex Nikolov, Sohail Murad and Jongju Lee
Micromachines 2024, 15(12), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15121505 - 18 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2278
Abstract
The effect of residual stress or heat on ferroelectrics used to convert photons into electricity was investigated. The data analysis reveals that when the PET-PZT piezoelectric transducer is UV-irradiated with a 405 nm wavelength, it becomes a photon–heat–stress electric energy converter and capacitator. [...] Read more.
The effect of residual stress or heat on ferroelectrics used to convert photons into electricity was investigated. The data analysis reveals that when the PET-PZT piezoelectric transducer is UV-irradiated with a 405 nm wavelength, it becomes a photon–heat–stress electric energy converter and capacitator. Our objective was to evaluate the PET-PZT photon–heat–stress electric energy conversion performance and the role of the light’s wavelength and intensity. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems is crucial to reducing the environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. To achieve these, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Piezoelectric Transducers: Materials, Devices and Applications)
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