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Keywords = ocean floor network system

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17 pages, 928 KiB  
Article
Cooperative Terrestrial–Underwater FSO System: Design and Performance Analysis
by Carmen Álvarez-Roa, María Álvarez-Roa, Thiago R. Raddo, Antonio Jurado-Navas and Miguel Castillo-Vázquez
Photonics 2024, 11(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010058 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2825
Abstract
In this paper, we propose, design, and evaluate a new hybrid terrestrial–underwater optical communication link for providing high-speed connectivity between land and underwater systems. A device based on an amplify-and-forward strategy is considered and used for the hybrid optical link. A performance analysis [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose, design, and evaluate a new hybrid terrestrial–underwater optical communication link for providing high-speed connectivity between land and underwater systems. A device based on an amplify-and-forward strategy is considered and used for the hybrid optical link. A performance analysis of the proposed hybrid system is then carried out, taking into account both the atmospheric and underwater channels and their respective degradation sources. Different networking scenarios and conditions are evaluated. To this end, the channel model of the terrestrial free-space optical (FSO) link is modeled using the Gamma–Gamma distribution, while the underwater optical link is modeled using the Weibull distribution. The former takes into account atmospheric and turbulence attenuation, geometric spread and pointing errors, while the latter takes into account underwater and turbulence attenuation and geometric spread. Accordingly, a new analytical closed-form expression for the bit error rate (BER), which depends on the cumulative distribution function of the holistic hybrid system, is derived. Analytical results show that pointing errors as well as atmospheric and oceanic turbulence seriously degrade the performance of the hybrid system. In addition, ocean turbulence leads to the occurrence of a BER floor in some scenarios. This is the first time that such a network is proposed and modeled under the assumption of critical channel impairments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Space Optical Communication: Physics and Applications)
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13 pages, 4677 KiB  
Article
Realtime Tsunami Prediction System Using Ocean Floor Network for Local Regions
by Narumi Takahashi and Kentaro Imai
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1627; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031627 - 3 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3983
Abstract
The ocean floor network system for earthquakes and tsunamis is one of the effective tools for the early detection of large earthquakes on plate boundaries and the tsunamis they generate. The Dense Oceanfloor Network system for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) was installed in [...] Read more.
The ocean floor network system for earthquakes and tsunamis is one of the effective tools for the early detection of large earthquakes on plate boundaries and the tsunamis they generate. The Dense Oceanfloor Network system for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) was installed in the first rupture areas of the 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai earthquakes. The DONET around the Nankai Trough, a site of huge earthquakes that have caused severe damage, has the potential to detect the genesis of a tsunami. We developed a real-time tsunami prediction system for local communities that takes advantage of the features of DONET, and we have already made it available to several local governments and a commercial company. The outputs of the prediction are the tsunami arrival time, its height, its inundation area, and inundation depth. The system makes real-time monitoring of tsunamis possible. The system should be conceptually applicable to the Nankai Trough area, which has characteristics consistent with the assumptions the system makes about tsunami propagation, crustal activities, and coastal communities. Here, we describe the conceptual basis of the system, the features used to ensure the accuracy of predictions, and the policies used to develop and implement them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Measures for Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation)
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