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Keywords = morphology genetic nanostructures

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23 pages, 2445 KiB  
Review
Nanofiber-Based Innovations in Energy Storage Systems
by Iva Rezić Meštrović and Maja Somogyi Škoc
Polymers 2025, 17(11), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17111456 - 23 May 2025
Viewed by 812
Abstract
Nanofibers have emerged as transformative materials in the field of energy storage, offering unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area, porosity, and tunable morphology. Recent advancements have also introduced genetically modified fibers—engineered at the biological level to produce functionalized nanostructures with customizable [...] Read more.
Nanofibers have emerged as transformative materials in the field of energy storage, offering unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area, porosity, and tunable morphology. Recent advancements have also introduced genetically modified fibers—engineered at the biological level to produce functionalized nanostructures with customizable properties. These bioengineered nanofibers add a sustainable and potentially self-healing component to energy storage materials. This paper reviews key applications of conventional and genetically modified nanofibers in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, hybrid systems, and flexible energy storage with a focus on how genetic and molecular engineering of fibrous materials enables new capabilities in ion transport, electrode architecture, and device longevity. Together, these advances contribute to the development of next-generation energy storage systems with enhanced performance, biocompatibility, and sustainability. This review therefore critically examines the current state, advantages, and limitations of both synthetic and biopolymer-based materials in energy storage applications. It discusses recent technological innovations, such as polymer–nanoparticle composites, functionalized polymer matrices, and next-generation polymer electrolytes. Future research should prioritize enhancing conductivity, improving scalability, and reducing environmental impact, ensuring that polymer-based materials contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable energy storage technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Fibers)
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15 pages, 5929 KiB  
Article
The Confinement Behavior and Mechanistic Insights of Organic Phase Change Material Encapsulated in Wood Morphology Genetic Nanostructures for Thermal Energy Storage
by Yang Meng, Yanping Jiang, Yuhui Chen and Jiangyu Zhang
Polymers 2024, 16(22), 3213; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16223213 - 20 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1149
Abstract
Wood, a renewable and abundant biomass resource, holds substantial promise as an encapsulation matrix for thermal energy storage (TES) applications involving phase change materials (PCMs). However, practical implementations often reveal a disparity between observed and theoretical phase change enthalpy values of wood-derived composite [...] Read more.
Wood, a renewable and abundant biomass resource, holds substantial promise as an encapsulation matrix for thermal energy storage (TES) applications involving phase change materials (PCMs). However, practical implementations often reveal a disparity between observed and theoretical phase change enthalpy values of wood-derived composite PCMs (CPCMs). This study systematically explores the confinement behavior of organic PCMs encapsulated in a delignified balsa wood matrix with morphology genetic nanostructure, characterized by a specific surface area of 25.4 ± 1.1 m2/g and nanoscale pores averaging 2.2 nm. Detailed thermal performance evaluations uncover distinct phase change behaviors among various organic PCMs, influenced by the unique characteristics of functional groups and carbon chain lengths. The encapsulation mechanism is primarily dictated by host–guest interactions, which modulate PCM molecular mobility through hydrogen bonding and spatial constraints imposed by the hierarchical pore structure of the wood. Notably, results demonstrate a progressive enhancement of nanoconfinement effects, evidencing a transition from octadecane to stearic acid, further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This research significantly advances the understanding of nanoconfinement mechanisms in wood-derived matrices, paving the way for the development of high-performance, shape-stabilized composite PCMs that are essential for sustainable thermal energy storage solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
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15 pages, 5477 KiB  
Article
Porphyrin Molecules Decorated on Metal-Organic Frameworks for Multi-Functional Biomedical Applications
by Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Soheil Sojdeh, Yousef Fatahi, Rassoul Dinarvand, Moein Safarkhani, Sepideh Ahmadi, Hossein Daneshgar, Fatemeh Radmanesh, Saeid Maghsoudi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Rajender S. Varma and Ebrahim Mostafavi
Biomolecules 2021, 11(11), 1714; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111714 - 17 Nov 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 5811
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used as porous nanomaterials for different applications ranging from industrial to biomedicals. An unpredictable one-pot method is introduced to synthesize NH2-MIL-53 assisted by high-gravity in a greener media for the first time. Then, porphyrins were [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used as porous nanomaterials for different applications ranging from industrial to biomedicals. An unpredictable one-pot method is introduced to synthesize NH2-MIL-53 assisted by high-gravity in a greener media for the first time. Then, porphyrins were deployed to adorn the surface of MOF to increase the sensitivity of the prepared nanocomposite to the genetic materials and in-situ cellular protein structures. The hydrogen bond formation between genetic domains and the porphyrin’ nitrogen as well as the surface hydroxyl groups is equally probable and could be considered a milestone in chemical physics and physical chemistry for biomedical applications. In this context, the role of incorporating different forms of porphyrins, their relationship with the final surface morphology, and their drug/gene loading efficiency were investigated to provide a predictable pattern in regard to the previous works. The conceptual phenomenon was optimized to increase the interactions between the biomolecules and the substrate by reaching the limit of detection to 10 pM for the Anti-cas9 protein, 20 pM for the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), below 10 pM for the single guide RNA (sgRNA) and also around 10 nM for recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen. Also, the MTT assay showed acceptable relative cell viability of more than 85% in most cases, even by increasing the dose of the prepared nanostructures. Full article
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23 pages, 4085 KiB  
Review
Physical, Chemical, and Genetic Techniques for Diatom Frustule Modification: Applications in Nanotechnology
by Alessandra Rogato and Edoardo De Tommasi
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8738; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238738 - 6 Dec 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6546
Abstract
Diatom frustules represent one of the most complex examples of micro- and nano-structured materials found in nature, being the result of a biomineralization process refined through tens of milions of years of evolution. They are constituted by an intricate, ordered porous silica matrix [...] Read more.
Diatom frustules represent one of the most complex examples of micro- and nano-structured materials found in nature, being the result of a biomineralization process refined through tens of milions of years of evolution. They are constituted by an intricate, ordered porous silica matrix which recently found several applications in optoelectronics, sensing, solar light harvesting, filtering, and drug delivery, to name a few. The possibility to modify the composition and the structure of frustules can further broaden the range of potential applications, adding new functions and active features to the material. In the present work the most remarkable physical and chemical techniques aimed at frustule modification are reviewed, also examining the most recent genetic techniques developed for its controlled morphological mutation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Diatom Nanotechnology)
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14 pages, 1041 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress on the Versatility of Virus-Like Particles
by Ciying Qian, Xinlin Liu, Qin Xu, Zhiping Wang, Jie Chen, Tingting Li, Qingbing Zheng, Hai Yu, Ying Gu, Shaowei Li and Ningshao Xia
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010139 - 20 Mar 2020
Cited by 137 | Viewed by 15868
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multimeric nanostructures composed of one or more structural proteins of a virus in the absence of genetic material. Having similar morphology to natural viruses but lacking any pathogenicity or infectivity, VLPs have gradually become a safe substitute for inactivated [...] Read more.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multimeric nanostructures composed of one or more structural proteins of a virus in the absence of genetic material. Having similar morphology to natural viruses but lacking any pathogenicity or infectivity, VLPs have gradually become a safe substitute for inactivated or attenuated vaccines. VLPs can achieve tissue-specific targeting and complete and effective cell penetration. With highly ordered epitope repeats, VLPs have excellent immunogenicity and can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses. In addition, as a type of nanocarrier, VLPs can be used to display antigenic epitopes or deliver small molecules. VLPs have thus become powerful tools for vaccinology and biomedical research. This review highlights the versatility of VLPs in antigen presentation, drug delivery, and vaccine technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccination Against Cancer and Chronic Diseases)
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17 pages, 4797 KiB  
Article
Nanocomplexes of Graphene Oxide and Platinum Nanoparticles against Colorectal Cancer Colo205, HT-29, HTC-116, SW480, Liver Cancer HepG2, Human Breast Cancer MCF-7, and Adenocarcinoma LNCaP and Human Cervical Hela B Cell Lines
by Marta Kutwin, Ewa Sawosz, Sławomir Jaworski, Mateusz Wierzbicki, Barbara Strojny, Marta Grodzik, Malwina Ewa Sosnowska, Maciej Trzaskowski and André Chwalibog
Materials 2019, 12(6), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12060909 - 19 Mar 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5271
Abstract
Inefficient drug administration into cancer cells is related to the chemoresistance of cancer cells caused by genetic mutations including genes involved in drug transport, enzyme metabolism, and/or DNA damage repair. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the properties of platinum [...] Read more.
Inefficient drug administration into cancer cells is related to the chemoresistance of cancer cells caused by genetic mutations including genes involved in drug transport, enzyme metabolism, and/or DNA damage repair. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the properties of platinum (NP-Pt), graphene oxide (GO), and the nanocomplex of GO functionalized with platinum nanoparticles (GO-NP-Pt) against several genetically, phenotypically, and metabolically different cancer cell lines: Colo205, HT-29, HTC-116, SW480, HepG2, MCF-7, LNCaP, and Hela B. The anticancer effects toward the cancer cell lines were evaluated by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide salt (XTT) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays and measurements of cell apoptosis and morphology deformations. The NP-Pt and GO could effectively be introduced to cancer cells, but more effective delivery was observed after GO-NP-Pt treatment. The delivery of the GO-NP-Pt nanocomplex significantly decreased the viability of Colo 205 and HepG2 cells, but did not increase the cytotoxicity of other investigated cancer cells. The nanocomplex GO-NP-Pt also significantly increased the apoptosis of Colo 205 and HepG2 cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that the nanocomplex GO-NP-Pt is a remarkable nanostructure that can improve the delivery of Pt nanoparticles into cancer cells and has potential anticancer applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Cancer Nanotechnology)
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