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19 pages, 357 KiB  
Article
Resilience and Mobbing Among Nurses in Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Aristotelis Koinis, Ioanna V. Papathanasiou, Ioannis Moisoglou, Ioannis Kouroutzis, Vasileios Tzenetidis, Dimitra Anagnostopoulou, Pavlos Sarafis and Maria Malliarou
Healthcare 2025, 13(15), 1908; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151908 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background: Moral harassment (mobbing) in healthcare, particularly among nurses, remains a persistent issue with detrimental effects on mental health, resilience, and quality of life. Aim: We examine the relationship between the resilience of nurses working in Emergency Departments (EDs) and how these factors [...] Read more.
Background: Moral harassment (mobbing) in healthcare, particularly among nurses, remains a persistent issue with detrimental effects on mental health, resilience, and quality of life. Aim: We examine the relationship between the resilience of nurses working in Emergency Departments (EDs) and how these factors influence experiences of workplace mobbing. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 nurses from four public hospitals in Greece’s 5th Health District. Data were collected between October 2023 and March 2024 using the WHOQOL-BREF, Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors (WPVB) scale and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The sample consisted primarily of full-time nurses (84.3% female; mean age = 43.1 years), with 21.1% reporting chronic conditions. Most participants were married (80.0%) and had children (74.4%), typically two (56.1%). Statistical analyses—conducted using SPSS version 27.0—included descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlations, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Resilience was moderate (mean = 66.38%; Cronbach’s α = 0.93) and positively correlated with all WHOQOL-BREF domains—physical, psychological, social, and environmental (r = 0.30–0.40)—but not with the overall WHOQOL-BREF. The mean overall WHOQOL-BREF score was 68.4%, with the lowest scores observed in the environmental domain (mean = 53.76%). Workplace mobbing levels were low to moderate (mean WPVB score = 17.87), with subscale reliabilities ranging from α = 0.78 to 0.95. Mobbing was negatively associated with social relationships and the environmental WHOQOL-BREF (ρ = –0.23 to –0.33). Regression analysis showed that cohabitation and higher resilience significantly predicted better WHOQOL-BREF outcomes, whereas mobbing was not a significant predictor. Mediation analysis (bootstrap N = 5000) indicated no significant indirect effect of resilience in the relationship between mobbing and WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusions: Resilience was identified as a key protective factor for nurses’ quality of life in emergency care settings. Although workplace mobbing was present at low-to-moderate levels, it was negatively associated with specific WHOQOL-BREF domains. Enhancing mental resilience among nurses may serve as a valuable strategy to mitigate the psychological effects of moral harassment in healthcare environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Social Care Policy—2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 434 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Health Policies—A Health Emergency Toolkit of Assessment
by Göran Svensson and Rocio Rodriguez
Sustainability 2025, 17(13), 6022; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17136022 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 322
Abstract
Introduction: The health emergency caused by the pandemic led to severe health issues in populations across many countries worldwide, including widespread morbidity and significant mortality. Nevertheless, several countries succeeded in keeping infection rates remarkably low before the approval of vaccines and the initiation [...] Read more.
Introduction: The health emergency caused by the pandemic led to severe health issues in populations across many countries worldwide, including widespread morbidity and significant mortality. Nevertheless, several countries succeeded in keeping infection rates remarkably low before the approval of vaccines and the initiation of vaccinations in early 2021. We aim to identify the success factors of health policies in managing the impact of the health emergency across a selection of countries, focusing on how they protected their populations. Our study presents outcomes of sustainable health policy measures, along with health and social system challenges, and economic responses during the global health emergency. We sometimes found it difficult to define what counted as a success factor in some countries. Method: Our study draws upon a selection of reports and documents published by various ministries and economic, social, and health authorities, which we collected online. We structured our study into three phases to frame and contextualize the impact of health policy measures and countermeasures as follows: (i) observations and content analysis; (ii) empirical support through illustrative examples; and (iii) development of a health emergency toolkit of assessment. The documents were not always easy to compare because they differed in format and detail. Results: Our study outlines ten success factors for sustainable health policy measures and countermeasures: (i) preparedness; (ii) control; (iii) precaution; (iv) proactive decision-making; (v) synchronization; (vi) adequate legislation; (vii) goal fulfillment; (viii) digital health technology; (ix) empirical evidence; (x) ethical and moral virtues. Sometimes we struggled to separate what was ethical guidance from what was simply practical advice. Conclusion: We argue that the relevance of the health emergency toolkit of assessment outlined in our study demonstrates clearly that the success factors related to sustainable health policy measures and countermeasures can be applied and adapted to the societal conditions of individual countries. These factors may form a foundation for the development of a health emergency toolkit of assessment for future health emergencies. We also maintain that these factors may serve as a platform for establishing sustainable plans across health, social, and economic domains, with clear guidelines for implementation, management, and control. It is our hope that future health systems will make use of these findings before the next crisis emerges. Full article
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23 pages, 331 KiB  
Review
Reviving the Dire Wolf? A Case Study in Welfare Ethics, Legal Gaps, and Ontological Ambiguity
by Alexandre Azevedo and Manuel Magalhães-Sant’Ana
Animals 2025, 15(13), 1839; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131839 - 21 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1072
Abstract
The recent birth of genetically modified canids phenotypically resembling the extinct dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus) was hailed as a landmark in synthetic biology. Using genome editing and cloning, the biotech company Colossal Biosciences created three such animals from gray wolf cells, [...] Read more.
The recent birth of genetically modified canids phenotypically resembling the extinct dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus) was hailed as a landmark in synthetic biology. Using genome editing and cloning, the biotech company Colossal Biosciences created three such animals from gray wolf cells, describing the project as an effort in “functional de-extinction”. This case raises significant questions regarding animal welfare, moral justification, and regulatory governance. We used the five domains model framework to assess the welfare risks for the engineered animals, the surrogate mothers used in reproduction, and other animals potentially affected by future reintroduction or escape scenarios. Ethical implications are examined through utilitarian, deontological, virtue, relational, and environmental ethics. Our analysis suggests that the project suffers from ontological ambiguity: it is unclear whether the animals created are resurrected species, hybrids, or novel organisms. While the current welfare of the engineered animals may be manageable, their long-term well-being, particularly under rewilding scenarios, is likely to be compromised. The moral arguments for reviving long-extinct species are weak, particularly in cases where extinction was not anthropogenic. Legally, the current EU frameworks lack the clarity and scope to classify, regulate, or protect genetically engineered extinct animals. We recommend that functional de-extinction involving sentient beings be approached with caution, supported by revised welfare tools and regulatory mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wild Animal Welfare: Science, Ethics and Law)
19 pages, 1124 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Ethical Issues in Patients with Advanced Cancer: Secondary Analysis of Pooled Data from the Development and Validation Cohorts of the PALCOM Scale for the Complexity of Palliative Care Needs
by Albert Tuca, Margarita Viladot, Carmen Barrera, Manoli Chicote, Teresa Gabarró, Gemma Carrera, Anais Pascual, Elena Font, Elena Angulo, Ester Hernández-Godoy, Javier Marco-Hernández, Lucia Llavata, Joan Padrosa, Carles Zamora-Martínez and Nuria Codorniu
Cancers 2025, 17(8), 1345; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081345 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 725
Abstract
Introduction: The life experience of patients with advanced cancer and limited life expectancy is unique and profoundly complex, often leading to moral discrepancies among the various individuals involved in decision making. There are no data in the literature on the prevalence of ethical [...] Read more.
Introduction: The life experience of patients with advanced cancer and limited life expectancy is unique and profoundly complex, often leading to moral discrepancies among the various individuals involved in decision making. There are no data in the literature on the prevalence of ethical issues in the end-of-life care of patients with advanced cancer. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to identify the overall and specific prevalence of ethical issues in the end-of-life care process for patients with advanced cancer. Method: We performed a secondary analysis using pooled data from the prospective development and validation cohorts of the PALCOM scale, focusing on the complexity of palliative care needs. This was performed to determine the overall and specific prevalence of ethical issues, describe their evolution over a 6-month follow-up period, and analyze their association with the level of palliative care complexity. Results: A total of 607 patients with advanced cancer and a life expectancy of 6 months or less were included. The consistency in clinical data and the frequencies of the PALCOM scale domains between the development and validation cohorts, conducted in various settings and times, confirmed the reliability of the pooled data sample. Systematic application of the PALCOM scale identified 126 patients (20.7%) who experienced at least one ethical issue. A total of 204 ethical issues (1.6 per patient) were recorded, related to the following: the proportionality of healthcare intervention (15.6%); information (13.0%); research (2.9%); the desire to hasten death (1.8%); and palliative sedation (0.15%). The monthly probability of presenting an ethical issue was significantly higher at the baseline visit (24.0%) compared to the rest of the 6-month follow-up period (14–17%) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of ethical issues was notably higher in patients with greater palliative care complexity as measured by the PALCOM scale: 4.5% in low complexity, 19.5% in medium complexity, and 30.8% in high complexity (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of ethical issues in patients with advanced cancer is high. Most of these issues are directly or indirectly related to the preservation of patient autonomy in the decision-making process. The presence of ethical issues is significantly associated with the greater complexity of palliative care needs. In this context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to strengthen both communication skills and basic competencies to effectively identify, assess, and manage these ethical issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Survivorship and Quality of Life)
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22 pages, 4144 KiB  
Article
Moral Judgment Among Chinese Urban and Rural Students: Exploring the Conflict Between the Personal and Moral Domains
by Fei Ye, Jie Chen, Hui Li and Huajie Liu
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020187 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 717
Abstract
The U-shaped development pattern in social cognitive domain theory can explain adolescents’ “moral retrogression” in a certain period. This study employs quantitative methods to investigate moral judgments made by Chinese urban and rural junior high school students in situations involving conflicts between the [...] Read more.
The U-shaped development pattern in social cognitive domain theory can explain adolescents’ “moral retrogression” in a certain period. This study employs quantitative methods to investigate moral judgments made by Chinese urban and rural junior high school students in situations involving conflicts between the personal and moral domains, thereby cross-culturally validating the proposed U-shaped pattern. The results show that this pattern exhibits some degree of cross-cultural applicability. Specifically, grades 8–9 represent a transitional phase in the moral development of Chinese students from both urban and rural areas. Students in the grade 9 tend to defend their personal domain when in conflict with the moral domain. However, the content and scope of the moral and personal domains may vary across cultures. When urban students encounter conflicts between the personal and moral domains, they tend to protect the personal domain. Furthermore, Chinese students have a strong sense of self-defense awareness, and when the target of their behavior is an immoral person in a specific context, it significantly increases their support for non-moral behaviors. This knowledge may be valuable for educators and policy-makers seeking to design moral educational programs aimed at promoting moral behavior among adolescents. Full article
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16 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Principled Faithfulness: A Measure of Moral Reasons for Fidelity and Its Associations with the Tendency to Engage in Extramarital Relationships, Moral Emotions and Emotion Regulation
by Carmen Gabriela Lișman and Andrei Corneliu Holman
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(2), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14020081 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 3153
Abstract
The prevalence of infidelity is high, although it can have destructive impacts on marital relationships. Most past research has focused on utilitarian concerns against extramarital behavior, analyzing the motivational forces that either deter or foster infidelity as a function of the rewards and [...] Read more.
The prevalence of infidelity is high, although it can have destructive impacts on marital relationships. Most past research has focused on utilitarian concerns against extramarital behavior, analyzing the motivational forces that either deter or foster infidelity as a function of the rewards and costs that unfaithful behavior would involve for the individual. The present research (total N = 1067 Romanian married participants) aimed to highlight the intrinsic moral concerns that deter infidelity in marital relationships by applying the general framework of the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). The first study developed a measure of the moral reasons for fidelity and examined its dimensions and psychometric properties. The second study investigated its factorial validity and its relationships with the actual tendency to engage in unfaithful behaviors, the intensity of moral emotions toward infidelity, and the use of different emotion regulation strategies. Overall, the results suggest four types of moral reasons for fidelity: heeding rules, reciprocal ownership, loyalty, and decency and nonmaleficence, and the new scale emerged as having satisfactory psychometric proprieties. Higher scores were positively associated with moral disgust, anger, and contempt toward unfaithful marital partners and compassion toward their spouses, as well as cognitive reappraisal and endorsement of the five moral domains described by MFT. Also, married individuals scoring higher on this measure were also found to have a lower propensity toward infidelity. These findings pinpoint a fine-grained outline of the moral underpinnings of fidelity and indicate their potential relevance for the actual tendency to engage in extramarital relations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Marriage in the Twenty-First Century)
19 pages, 523 KiB  
Article
Feral Thinking: Religion, Environmental Education, and Rewilding the Humanities
by Ariel Evan Mayse
Religions 2024, 15(11), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15111384 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1633
Abstract
The contemporary American university largely operates as an agent of domestication, tasked more with enforcing the social and economic order than with expanding the horizons of possibility. The dawn of the Anthropocene, however, demands that we reconceive of the humanities not as self-sufficient, [...] Read more.
The contemporary American university largely operates as an agent of domestication, tasked more with enforcing the social and economic order than with expanding the horizons of possibility. The dawn of the Anthropocene, however, demands that we reconceive of the humanities not as self-sufficient, hierarchical, or divided away from other modes of seeking knowledge but as core to what human being and responsibility ought to mean in the more-than-human world. The present essay makes a case for reworking—and rethinking—the American university along the lines of Mark C. Taylor’s prompt to reconceive of the academy as a multidisciplinary forum for the “comparative analysis of common problems”. I suggest that religious teachings—and religious traditions themselves—can offer models for the intertwining of the humanities (literature, poetry, philosophy, the expressive and applied arts), the social sciences (the study of governance, political thought, the study and formulation of law), and the natural sciences as well as mathematics and engineering. Further, I argue that when faced with radical and unprecedented changes in technological, social, economic, and environmental structures, we must, I believe, engage with these traditional texts in order to enrich and critique the liberal mindset that has neither the values nor the vocabulary to deal with the climate crisis. We must begin to sow new and expansive ways of thinking, and I am calling this work the “rewilding” of our universities. Parallel to the three Cs of rewilding as a conservation paradigm, I suggest the following three core principles for the rewilding of higher education: creativity, curriculum, and collaboration. Though I focus on the interface of religion, ecology, and the study of the environmental, social, and moral challenges of climate change, I suggest that these categories of activity should impact all domains of inquiry to which a university is home. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Undisciplining Religion and Science: Science, Religion and Nature)
21 pages, 1161 KiB  
Article
Actions That Build Peace from the Voices of Teachers Affected by the Armed Conflict in Colombia
by Luz Adriana Aristizábal and Adriana Inés Ávila
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(11), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13110597 - 4 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2133 | Correction
Abstract
For decades, the armed conflict in Colombia has profoundly impacted across various domains, causing psychosocial, economic, environmental, political, and moral damages throughout the country. One of the most affected sectors has been education, which involves all stakeholders within the educational system, particularly teachers [...] Read more.
For decades, the armed conflict in Colombia has profoundly impacted across various domains, causing psychosocial, economic, environmental, political, and moral damages throughout the country. One of the most affected sectors has been education, which involves all stakeholders within the educational system, particularly teachers who have directly or indirectly experienced this violence. This article, stemming from research on the resignification of armed conflict and peacebuilding, focuses on how teachers have transformed these impacts into educational actions that contribute to peacebuilding. We analysed the experiences and reflections of 412 participating teachers on-site in five conflict-affected zones in Colombia. Four main categories emerged: (1) psychosocial actions, (2) responsible teaching practices, (3) pedagogical actions, and (4) discussion and reflection spaces. These findings reveal insights not only about the actions that foster peace through school activities but also those within homes and, importantly, the work on oneself. While these actions may not be adopted by all teachers and do not guarantee immunity against future violent events, we believe this analysis could greatly benefit humanity. It prepares us to prevent and confront various forms of aggression, while also assisting in reframing everyday events that could nurture a vulnerable society suffering in silence. Full article
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13 pages, 252 KiB  
Article
Values in Narratives: Religious Education as an Exercise in Emotional Rationality
by Ivan Dodlek
Religions 2024, 15(10), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15101283 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1245
Abstract
The domain of education deals with the issue of the possibility of a person’s development so that the person would learn to become more human through the educational process. An integral part of a person’s development is first and foremost the dimension of [...] Read more.
The domain of education deals with the issue of the possibility of a person’s development so that the person would learn to become more human through the educational process. An integral part of a person’s development is first and foremost the dimension of an individual’s integration into society. Education for values plays an indispensable role in education. The technical aspect of education—as John Macmurray described it—has its foundation in instrumental rationality, aiming at the realization of utilitarian values in order to achieve the necessary social cooperation for the purpose of an easier coexistence. That so-called instrumental conception of life has given birth to a special type of the contemporary human being, homo faber. If, however, we strive to achieve the complete development of a human being through education, which is more fully realized only in the communion of people in the forms of friendship, fellowship and love, this instrumental conception requires enrichment through a communitarian conception of life, aimed at the realization of intrinsic values. In that sense, this article explores the contemplative and relational aspects of education from the perspective of religious education, which, according to John Macmurray, are based on the emotional level of rationality which results in the acquisition and adoption of intrinsic individual and inter-individual values. The aim of this article is to show that when it comes to education, these values are best conveyed through narratives. The article also attempts to shed light on the way students internalize and personalize intrinsic values through their emotional familiarity with the narratives, and especially with the value of reciprocity, which is key to authentic religious practice, and thus also to ethical awareness, which is important for the formation of moral awareness and character of a human being. Furthermore, the article explores the extent to which narratives as a form of religious knowledge are important in religious education, and in which they contribute to the formation of students’ opinions, attitudes and identities as transmitters of religious truths. Narratives notably carry a strong potential for the spiritual transformation of one’s personal and social life in such a way that they can motivate students to accept and realize certain religious and moral practices through experiential touching of values. Examples of narratives used in religious education textbooks in secondary schools in Croatia reveal how much they actually contribute to the goals of religious education in terms of education for intrinsic individual and inter-individual values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Practices and Issues in Religious Education)
15 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Intertwined Critical Realms: Caste, Babas, Deras, and Social Capital Formation in Punjab (India)
by Ronki Ram
Religions 2024, 15(10), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15101188 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2282
Abstract
Deras are generally perceived as an alternative socio-religious space frequented mostly by lower castes and economically weaker sections of society. They promise to make a significant difference to the lives of such vulnerable sections of society by lending them much needed spiritual, moral, [...] Read more.
Deras are generally perceived as an alternative socio-religious space frequented mostly by lower castes and economically weaker sections of society. They promise to make a significant difference to the lives of such vulnerable sections of society by lending them much needed spiritual, moral, and social support. Within the sprawling premises of Deras, downtrodden find a welcoming ‘counter-public’ enriched with social capital, which offers them an egalitarian domain free from the afflictions of caste discriminations, social exclusion, and subtle indignities often faced by them within the mainstream religious spheres. The growth of Deras thus may be seen as an index of subaltern socio-cultural and syncretic religious realms generating a rich haul of social capital. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sikhi, Sikhs and Caste: Lived Experiences in a Global Context)
18 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
“Our House Was a Small Islamic Republic”: Social Policing and Resilient Resistance in Contemporary Iran
by Alireza Delpazir and Fatemeh Sadeghi
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(8), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13080382 - 23 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1761
Abstract
In this article, we address a question that has been frequently asked: Why is the Iranian government unable to defeat the struggle by women against the compulsory hijab? What distinguishes women’s resistance from other forms of freedom and justice movements? We address these [...] Read more.
In this article, we address a question that has been frequently asked: Why is the Iranian government unable to defeat the struggle by women against the compulsory hijab? What distinguishes women’s resistance from other forms of freedom and justice movements? We address these questions by highlighting women’s “resilient resistance” within the family domain as both flexible and sustainable. The article examines how the domestication of politics and the politicization of family have interconnected dynamics in Iran, as illustrated by the “Woman, Life, Freedom” movement. It shows how women have shifted the Iranian family from a collaborator of oppressive patriarchal power to a more egalitarian structure to accommodate their protests against the compulsory hijab. As the catalysts for this change, they succeeded in discrediting the Islamic Republic’s moral discourse based on the compulsory hijab as a manifestation of modesty for women. They also validated their own morality based on personal choice. Using ethnographic fieldwork, including participatory observation and in-depth interviews with movement participants, this paper shows how women’s invisible yet significant resistance within the family has transformed this institution and profoundly affected the broader political landscape of Iran. It examines a unique case where social transformation drives larger political change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feminist Solidarity, Resistance, and Social Justice)
20 pages, 1138 KiB  
Review
The Role of Technology in the Digital Economy’s Sustainable Development of Hainan Free Trade Port and Genetic Testing: Cloud Computing and Digital Law
by Shumin Wang, Xin Jiang and Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli
Sustainability 2024, 16(14), 6025; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146025 - 15 Jul 2024
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3235
Abstract
In an era of swift technical advancement, the confluence of digital technology, security, and the digital economy bears substantial implications. This research aims to investigate the complex interplay among patient rights, genetic testing, and cloud computing, with a particular emphasis on the legal [...] Read more.
In an era of swift technical advancement, the confluence of digital technology, security, and the digital economy bears substantial implications. This research aims to investigate the complex interplay among patient rights, genetic testing, and cloud computing, with a particular emphasis on the legal contexts that govern these fields. Individuals must possess the ability to properly interact with health-related information and understand the economic components of digital platforms. Genetic testing and cloud computing are two areas where these literacies overlap, presenting distinct difficulties and opportunities. Legal considerations cover a wide range of issues, from data privacy and security to regulatory compliance and intellectual property rights. There are also implications for long-term economic growth, particularly in the area of health and well-being. A special economic zone exists at the Hainan Free Trade Port. In addition, this research explores how digital technologies may improve healthcare while considering the security precautions and ethical issues that must be taken to promote sustainable development through genetic testing. It also looks at how genetic data can be used to provide individualized economic outcomes and the roles that artificial intelligence and privacy play in these intertwined domains. The emergence of Web 2.0 has brought about a significant transformation in the digital realm, enabling individuals, businesses, and communities to leverage cutting-edge technologies for benefits in the social, economic, and environmental spheres, and advance sustainable progress. This study examines the opportunities and challenges presented and offers insights into the development of strong legal frameworks and moral standards, as well as the responsible application of these innovations for the benefit of society as a whole. This research will highlight how crucial it is to foster a more sustainable future through digital inclusivity, cooperative problem-solving, data-driven decision-making, and worldwide sustainable practices. Full article
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12 pages, 655 KiB  
Article
The Intergenerational Transmission of Pro-Environmental Behaviours: The Role of Moral Judgment in Primary School-Age Children
by Marco Giancola, Maria Chiara Pino, Cristina Zacheo, Marta Sannino and Simonetta D’Amico
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(6), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13060318 - 17 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
The environmental crisis poses a critical issue for current and future generations, driving research to investigate the key factors and psychological characteristics that motivate individuals to engage in pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) from an early age. In this context, intergenerational transmission—which refers to how [...] Read more.
The environmental crisis poses a critical issue for current and future generations, driving research to investigate the key factors and psychological characteristics that motivate individuals to engage in pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) from an early age. In this context, intergenerational transmission—which refers to how parents influence their children’s behaviour—plays a crucial role in initiating and promoting eco-friendly practices. From a children-centred perspective, the current study focused on the intergenerational transmission of PEBs, addressing the moderating role of children’s moral judgment. This latter was evaluated considering general moral judgment (i.e., moral transgressions, social-conventional transgressions, and non-harmful personal choices) and domain-specific environmental moral judgment (i.e., harmful actions with no specific victim, harmful actions to animals, and harmful actions to plants/trees). This study was carried out with 229 triads of Italian children (Mage = 8.54 years; SDage = 1.46 years; rangeage 6–11 years, 130 girls and 99 boys), fathers (Mage = 45.73 years; SDage = 5.07 years; rangeage 29–64 years), and mothers (Mage = 42.56 years; SDage = 4.67 years; rangeage 28–57 years). Results revealed that only the moral evaluations on harmful actions directed at animals (B = 0.32, SE = 0.15, t = 2.18, CI 95% = [0.030, 0.612]) and those towards plants/trees (B = 0.19, SE = 0.08, t = 2.49, CI 95% = [0.369, 0.342]) moderated the association between parents’ PEBs and children’s PEBs, boosting the intergenerational transmission of PEBs. Overall, this research yielded novel evidence on the main factors affecting the intergenerational transmission of PEBs, suggesting moral judgment as a critical mechanism in nurturing pro-environmental practices in school-age children. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)
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16 pages, 258 KiB  
Viewpoint
Three Different Currents of Thought to Conceive Justice: Legal, and Medical Ethics Reflections
by Francesco De Micco and Roberto Scendoni
Philosophies 2024, 9(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9030061 - 30 Apr 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3492
Abstract
The meaning of justice can be defined according to a juridical, human, theological, ethical, biomedical, or social perspective. It should guarantee the protection of life and health, personal, civil, political, economic, and religious rights, as well as non-discrimination, inclusion, protection, and access to [...] Read more.
The meaning of justice can be defined according to a juridical, human, theological, ethical, biomedical, or social perspective. It should guarantee the protection of life and health, personal, civil, political, economic, and religious rights, as well as non-discrimination, inclusion, protection, and access to care. In this review, we deal with three theoretical concepts that define justice in all its aspects. (1) The utilitarian theory, which justifies moral statements on the basis of the evaluation of the consequences that an action produces, elaborating a pragmatic model of medical science. (2) The libertarian theory, which considers freedom as the highest political aim, thus absolutizing the rights of the individual; here, the principle of self-determination, with respect to which the principle of permission/consent is the fundamental presupposition, plays a central role in the definition of the person. (3) The iusnaturalist theory, in which man’s moral freedom is identified with the ability to act by choosing what the intellect indicates to him as good; the natural moral law that drives every conscience to do good is therefore realized in respect for the person in the fullness of his rights. In conclusion, different forms and conceptions of justice correspond to different organizations of society and different ways of addressing ethical issues in the biomedical domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Ethics and Philosophy)
14 pages, 314 KiB  
Review
Defences, Human Nature, and Spiritual Awakening: A Christian Counselling Perspective
by Angel Suet Man Lam
Religions 2024, 15(5), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050540 - 28 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3804
Abstract
This article delves into the intricacies of human defences in various domains, including the biological and psychological responses to protect oneself, and the abstract concept of sacrificing one’s life to uphold ethical, moral, religious, and spiritual values. While physical, psychological, and moral values [...] Read more.
This article delves into the intricacies of human defences in various domains, including the biological and psychological responses to protect oneself, and the abstract concept of sacrificing one’s life to uphold ethical, moral, religious, and spiritual values. While physical, psychological, and moral values have been attended to in counselling, regard for the religious and spiritual aspects is still developing. As the author writes from a Christian perspective, Christian faith and values are considered. It is posited that a study of human nature, as presented in the Christian Bible, can facilitate a profound comprehension of human defences. The paper scrutinizes the correlation between “human defences” and “Christian spirituality” through a Christian lens on human nature. Furthermore, it introduces the idea of “spiritual defence” and how it is related to a spiritual awakening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Religions and Health/Psychology/Social Sciences)
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