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Humanity is facing an unprecedented socio-ecological and climate crisis resulting from human impact on the planet, which requires a profound transformation in how we inhabit and develop our territories. Regenerative development is emerging as a key approach to strengthening living systems and improving environmental health. In this context, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserves are consolidating their role as strategic instruments that link biodiversity conservation with sustainable development through integrated and participatory land management models. Mexico stands out for its regional and global leadership in implementing these areas. Participatory governance, promoted by the Man and Biosphere (MAB) programme, encourages the active involvement of local communities. This article analyses the application of a regenerative and participatory design methodology in a Biosphere Reserve, evaluating both the process and the tools used. Beyond the fulfilment of sustainability objectives, it examines the lessons learned, results and scope from a regenerative perspective, providing critical reflections on its effectiveness as a strategy for the socio-ecological management of vulnerable territories. Full article

Background and Clinical Significance: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that can mimic infection or malignancy. Spinal involvement is exceedingly rare and usually limited to pachymeningitis or epidural pseudotumors. True vertebral bone destruction has been reported only sporadically. Case Presentation: A 54-year-old man presented to our emergency department with severe neck pain after a fall. CT and MRI revealed extensive osteolysis of the C1 posterior arch and odontoid process with atlantoaxial subluxation. Following a second inpatient fall, he developed acute tetraparesis. Emergency posterior occipitocervical fusion (C0–C4) with C1–C2 laminectomy and foramen magnum decompression was performed. Histopathology demonstrated dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis with up to 36 IgG4⁺ plasma cells per high-power field and an IgG4⁺/IgG ratio > 40%, confirming IgG4-RD. The patient recovered substantial motor function postoperatively and regained independent ambulation after neurological rehabilitation. Conclusions: IgG4-RD can rarely present as destructive craniovertebral osteolysis with neurological compromise. Unexplained C1–C2 osteolytic lesions should prompt evaluation for IgG4-RD, a rare but treatable cause of cervical instability. Full article

The safety of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), widely used in foods and personal care products, has been of on-going concern. Adverse effects of TiO₂ have been reported, suggesting risk to human health. To evaluate its potential epigenotoxicity, the effect of exposure to a TiO₂ product, to which humans could be exposed, on microRNA (miRNA) expression (a primary epigenetic mechanism) was investigated using human cell lines (Caco-2, HCT116 (colorectal) and HepG2, SNU387 (liver)) relevant to human exposure. The effect of TiO₂ nanomaterial exposure on expression levels of miRNA was determined using the TaqMan Array Human microRNA A+B Card Set v3.0 platform. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified (SNU387 (n = 112), HepG2 (n = 97), Caco-2 (n = 94), and HCT116 (n = 53)). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of target genes provided insights into the roles of modulating pathways, which can be associated with diseases. Top 10 KEGG pathways in each cell line included MAPK signaling pathway, Axon guidance, cell cycle, Hippo signaling pathway, and Endocytosis. Findings from the study clearly demonstrate the impact of TiO₂ exposure on miRNA expression, supporting the potential involvement of this epigenetic mechanism in its biological responses. Hence, epigenetic studies are important for the complete assessment of the potential risk from exposure. Full article

To address the issues of safety risk analysis and conflict assessment for integrated flight of manned aircraft and fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in low-altitude mixed-operation airspace, this study enhances the foundational Event model. By incorporating UAV characteristics such as geometric features and aerodynamic mechanisms, alongside design dimensions and onboard performance metrics, an improved collision risk model is developed—the Enhanced Event-Based Framework for Multidimensional Geometry and Quasi-Monte Carlo Analysis of Flight Performance (EMGF-M). This enhancement rectifies the limitations of the basic model regarding parameter coverage and scenario adaptability, thereby improving the reliability and validity of the computational results. Experimental results demonstrate that, in accordance with the target safety level for airspace conflicts set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the application of the improved Event collision model yields quantifiable assessments of safety risks and safe separation distances for integrated operations in low-altitude mixed-use airspace. Utilizing these computational results for integrated flight procedure design at a general airport in Southwest China, the study shows that the air traffic flow in the low-altitude mixed-operation airspace increased from 9.2 to 20.9 operations per hour. The practical significance of this method lies in its guidance for accurately assessing safety risks in mixed airspace operations and for determining quantifiable separation minima for integrated flight trajectory planning. Full article

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) rs2442598 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) rs2010963 with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Slovenian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Angiopoietin–endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor (Ang-Tie2) and VEGF-A signaling regulate glomerular endothelial stability and permeability and may contribute to DN susceptibility. Methods: We conducted a case–control study including 897 unrelated Slovenian subjects with T2DM (344 DN cases; 553 long-standing T2DM controls without DN). ANGPT2 rs2442598 and VEGFA rs2010963 were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Genetic associations were analysed using co-dominant, additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models with logistic regression adjusted for waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and triglycerides. Results: ANGPT2 rs2442598 was significantly associated with DN, with increased risk in carriers of the C allele, including a significant additive per allele effect (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.10–1.74) and a dominant model effect (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.11–1.96). In contrast, VEGFA rs2010963 showed no evidence of association across genetic models. Conclusions: In Slovenian patients with T2DM, ANGPT2 rs2442598 is associated with DN, whereas VEGFA rs2010963 is not. This association suggests that ANGPT2 genetic variation may influence DN risk and supports further functional work to define the biological effects of rs2442598. Full article

OAS1 (2′–5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1) and OAS3 have been identified through a genome-wide association study as major loci associated with COVID-19. The rs10774671A>G variant affects alternative splicing and generates two distinct mRNA and protein isoforms. The A allele produces the shorter p42 isoform, which has been associated with increased susceptibility, greater disease severity, and higher mortality from COVID-19, whereas the G allele produces the longer p46 isoform, which has been associated with a protective effect. In addition, the functional variants OAS1 rs4767027C>T, OAS1 rs1131454A>G, and OAS3 rs10735079A>G have also been associated with susceptibility to and/or severity of COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether four variants in the OAS1 and OAS3 genes are associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 and with the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease. We included 305 patients with COVID-19 and 288 healthy controls. We genotyped the OAS1 rs10774671A>G, rs4767027C>T, rs1131454A>G, and OAS3 rs10735079A>G variants using TaqMan^® assays. The association between OAS1 and OAS3 variants and disease susceptibility or severity was assessed using binary logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated using SNPStats, whereas haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium were analyzed with Haploview. Statistical power was calculated using Quanto. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed an association between the OAS1 rs10774671A risk allele and susceptibility to COVID-19 (G vs. A: OR = 1.9, p = 0.007). In contrast, no associations with COVID-19 susceptibility were observed for the rs4767027C>T, rs1131454A>G, or rs10735079A>G variants. However, the rs1131454A>G and rs10735079A>G variants showed associations with sore throat. Overall, our findings suggest that OAS1 acts as a susceptibility factor for COVID-19 and the rs1131454A>G and rs10735079A>G SNVs are associated with sore throat in the Mexican population. Full article

With the increasing importance of securing quantum communication networks, practical and robust entity authentication is a critical requirement. Accordingly, we propose and experimentally validate a quantum entity authentication (QEA) protocol specifically designed for integration with BB84-type quantum key distribution (QKD) workflows and existing terminal architectures. We analyze the protocol’s security against intercept–resend man-in-the-middle (MitM) impersonation, showing that an unauthenticated adversary induces a characteristic 25% correlation error and that the rejection probability approaches unity as the number of detected authentication events increases. For practical realization, the protocol is deployed using weak coherent pulses (WCPs) with decoy-state estimation to bound single-photon contributions and mitigate photon-number-splitting (PNS)-enabled leakage. The system is demonstrated over a field-deployed fiber link of approximately 20 km with ~8 dB optical loss using signal/decoy intensities of ~0.5/~0.15 and sending probabilities 0.88/0.10/0.02 (signal/decoy/vacuum). Across both verification directions, stable operation is observed with quantum bit error rate (QBER) typically fluctuating between 1% and 4% while the sifted key rate remains constant over time. These results provide an experimental basis for integrating physical-layer entity authentication into deployed quantum communication networks. Full article

This case highlights the diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography in identifying postoperative injury of the posterior branch of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MABCN) following cubital tunnel surgery. A 45-year-old man developed localized pain, warmth, and paresthesia extending from the medial epicondyle to the proximal anterior forearm one month after ulnar nerve decompression and anterior transposition. Physical examination revealed focal allodynia and a positive Tinel sign. Because previous surgery may substantially alter the anatomical location of the surrounding nerves, electrodiagnostic localization can be technically challenging and less reliable. Ultrasonography therefore played a key diagnostic role. The images demonstrated the normal sonoanatomy of the MABCN and its anatomical relationship with the basilic vein and ulnar nerve, followed by pathologic findings of focal enlargement of the posterior branch adjacent to postoperative scar tissue. These imaging features, together with a positive sonographic Tinel sign, supported the diagnosis of localized nerve irritation. Ultrasound-guided hydrodissection using 5% dextrose and methylcobalamin resulted in marked clinical improvement, with the Visual Analog Scale pain score decreasing from 9 to 2. This case is particularly illustrative because postoperative injury of the MABCN may mimic recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome yet typically produces purely sensory symptoms confined to the medial elbow region. Targeted ultrasonographic evaluation can reveal subtle postoperative nerve pathology and guide effective ultrasound-guided intervention. Full article

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) affects 5–8% of women of reproductive age. Host genetic factors, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), may influence RVVC susceptibility by impairing vaginal mucosal antifungal immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of SNPs in genes encoding TLRs on RVVC susceptibility. Τhe distribution of TLR2 Arg753Gln and TLR4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile polymorphisms in Greek women, including RVVC (n = 63), first-episode VVC (n = 37), Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis (GV, n = 36) patients, and healthy controls (n = 61), was investigated using TaqMan SNP genotyping. Genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed under allelic and dominant models, with odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and linkage disequilibrium assessed. TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile heterozygotes were significantly more frequent in RVVC patients compared with controls and affected RVVC susceptibility (OR: 5.57, 95% CI: 1.17–26.56, p: 0.0172; OR: 4.92, 95% CI: 1.02–23.78, p: 0.0306, respectively). No associations were observed for TLR2 Arg753Gln or for any SNP with GV or first-episode VVC. TLR4 variants co-segregated, indicating a haplotype effect. TLR4 haplotypes, rather than TLR2 polymorphism, confer increased RVVC susceptibility, supporting a genetically distinct, mucosal immunity-driven pathogenesis. Larger, ethnically diverse studies with functional assays are warranted to validate these findings and guide personalized prevention and treatment strategies. Full article

Ice accretion poses a threat to fixed-wing aerial vehicles as it alters the wings’ shape and thus degrades the aerodynamic performance. In manned aircraft, the icing detection system assists the pilot and utilises dedicated sensors. However, in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), onboard icing detection can generally only be achieved using standard sensors in conjunction with dynamical models, because dedicated sensors are rarely available. In this paper, we propose two approaches based on the particle filter for both icing detection and accurate state and aerodynamic parameter estimation in the presence of icing, with different levels of severity. The first approach uses the observation likelihood for icing hypothesis testing with a complement of the Gaussian kernel to compute icing probability. The second approach uses a discrete jump approach based on a Bernoulli process and a subset of particles to test the icing hypothesis for faster icing detection by estimating changes in icing-related aerodynamic parameters. Using both approaches, the simulation results demonstrate improved estimation accuracy compared to an extended Kalman filter (EKF), under both moderate and severe icing conditions. With adequate tuning, the proposed approaches show potential for indirect icing detection in UAVs. They also enable the computation of icing severity and provide a more accurate and reliable estimate of the icing probability compared to the EKF. Full article

We present computed tomography angiography images of a rare pseudoaneurysm of the left brachial artery, a complication of idiopathic injury to the artery caused by an osteochondral exostosis of the left humerus. A 22-year-old Caucasian man with no significant medical history was admitted to the emergency department due to sudden, intense pain in his left arm, numbness, and pallor of his left forearm and hand. The patient’s consulting vascular surgeon referred him to the computed tomography (CT) laboratory for a computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the arteries of his left upper limb. In the CTA examination, at the level of the proximal segment of the left brachial artery, an excess of contrast was visualized, measuring up to approximately 1.5 × 1.2 cm in cross-sections and up to approximately 0.7 cm in the craniocaudal dimension. The CTA image was suggestive of a pseudoaneurysm of the left brachial artery. Laterally, the pseudoaneurysm was adjacent to the apex of the imaged osteochondral exostosis on the medial surface of the proximal shaft of the left humerus. A surgical procedure was performed to repair the pseudoaneurysm of the left brachial artery, including removal of the bony exostosis of the left humerus. In summary, relatively common, benign bone lesions can occasionally result in serious vascular complications. CTA is the gold standard for diagnosing these complications. Full article

Background/Objectives: Non-invasive radiofrequency (NIRF) therapy is increasingly used in physical rehabilitation. However, its efficacy across different lower limb pathologies remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NIRF on pain intensity and functional status in patients with musculoskeletal, neurological, and vascular conditions of the lower limb. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for RCTs comparing NIRF with sham, standard care, or other physical modalities. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 to calculate Mean Differences (MD) and Standardized Mean Differences (SMD). Results: Nineteen RCTs comprising 911 participants were included in the qualitative review, of which 14 were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The mean methodological quality was 7.78/10. The meta-analysis revealed favorable results for NIRF in reducing pain intensity compared to control groups (MD = −2.04; 95% CI = −3.14 to −0.93; p = 0.0003; I² = 96%). Functional outcomes also showed significant improvement in favor of the experimental group (SMD = −0.51; 95% CI: −0.85 to −0.16; p = 0.004; I² = 78%). Additionally, narrative synthesis indicated benefits for spasticity management (stroke) and limb volume reduction (lipedema/lymphedema). Conclusions: The results suggest a trend favoring NIRF for reducing pain and improving function in lower limb musculoskeletal conditions, particularly when used as an adjunct to active therapy. Evidence also suggests preliminary beneficial effects for neurological and vascular disorders. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution due to the high statistical heterogeneity observed, the broad diversity of the clinical populations included, and the wide variability in the treatment protocols applied. Further rigorous research with standardized protocols is highly recommended. Full article

Clusters of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) caused by oral vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) in 2022 and sporadic outbreaks in New York and Gaza highlight the ongoing risk of polio, alongside the persistent global threat posed by wild-type poliovirus. This study aims to develop and validate a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) panel that employs different primer–probe sets to simultaneously detect vaccine and wild-type poliovirus (WPV) in wastewater. Using an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and engineered DNA fragments (eDNAf), the qPCR master mix (MM) performance, assay specificity, sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD), and recovery from IPV-spiked wastewater were evaluated. Compared with two-step RT-qPCR and qScript MM, one-step RT-qPCR with TaqMan MM improved sensitivity for the following polioviruses (PV): Sabin 1 in IPV and the eDNAf of Sabin 1, 2, and 3; WPV1 and WPV3; and poliovirus type 2 (any serotype 2). The LOD for Sabin 1 in IPV was 2.49 copies/PCR, while LODs for eDNAf of polio targets ranged from 1.06 to 3.12 copies/PCR. Sabin 1 recovery from IPV-spiked wastewater ranged from 10.26% to 57.27%. The RT-qPCR panel for poliovirus exhibited good specificity and sensitivity, with moderate viral recovery, enabling rapid implementation of wastewater monitoring for PV as needed. Full article

Severe hypercalcemia is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate treatment alongside a systematic evaluation to identify the underlying cause. Although malignancy is a common etiology among hospitalized patients, alternative causes must be considered to guide targeted therapy, as illustrated in these cases. The first case involved a 31-year-old postpartum woman with corrected calcium levels of 14.5 mg/dL and suppressed PTH. Hypercalcemia resolved after tapering and temporary cessation of breastfeeding, consistent with lactation-associated hypercalcemia that is likely PTHrP-mediated. The second case describes a 30-year-old woman who presented with hypotension, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and low PTH. A systematic evaluation revealed severe glucocorticoid deficiency consistent with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). The final case featured a 47-year-old man with severe symptomatic hypercalcemia (18.5 mg/dL) and markedly elevated PTH. Imaging revealed a 3 cm parathyroid tumor. Selective parathyroidectomy produced a rapid intraoperative PTH decline, and pathology supported parathyroid adenoma rather than carcinoma. Together, these cases highlight that symptomatic severe hypercalcemia is a medical emergency warranting prompt clinical intervention, followed by an early PTH-based stratification to direct a focused, stepwise diagnostic workup and definitive management. Full article

This work examines how digital technologies, particularly 3D imaging, additive man-ufacturing, and digital twins, contribute to a more interactive and process-oriented understanding of cultural preservation. Building on practical experience with museum scanning and 3D reproduction, the study introduces the Heritage 4.0 Cycle, a conceptual framework that structures digital heritage management into four iterative phases: Capture, Curate, Connect, and Co-create. The model integrates technological, ethical, and social aspects of preservation, describing how cultural heritage operates as a living system supported by data, interpretation, and participation. Findings indicate that 3D technologies function as mediators between tangible and intangible heritage, promoting inclusivity, collaborative learning, and sustainable engagement. The framework aligns digital preservation practices with broader objectives of education, innovation, and community development. By formalizing Heritage 4.0 into a structured and iterative framework, this study contributes a transferable model that supports sustainable and smart cultural ecosystems by aligning digital documentation, ethical curation, participatory engagement, and digital twin-enabled connectivity within a coherent heritage management strategy Full article