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Keywords = hybrid solid desiccant cooling system

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42 pages, 4568 KiB  
Review
Comprehensive Review on Evaporative Cooling and Desiccant Dehumidification Technologies for Agricultural Greenhouses
by Fakhar Abbas, Muhammad Sultan, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Muhammad Farooq, Hafiz M. U. Raza, Muhammad Hamid Mahmood, Uzair Sajjad and Zhaoli Zhang
AgriEngineering 2025, 7(7), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7070222 - 8 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1374
Abstract
Greenhouses are crucial for maintaining an ideal temperature and humidity level for plant growth; however, attaining ideal levels remains a challenge. Energy-efficient and sustainable alternatives are needed because traditional temperature/humidity control practices and vapor compression air conditioning systems depend on climate conditions and [...] Read more.
Greenhouses are crucial for maintaining an ideal temperature and humidity level for plant growth; however, attaining ideal levels remains a challenge. Energy-efficient and sustainable alternatives are needed because traditional temperature/humidity control practices and vapor compression air conditioning systems depend on climate conditions and harmful refrigerants. Advanced alternative technologies like evaporative cooling and desiccant dehumidification have emerged that maintain the ideal greenhouse temperature and humidity while using the least amount of energy. This study reviews direct evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative cooling, and Maisotsenko-cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems and solid and liquid desiccant dehumidification systems. In addition, integrated desiccant and evaporative cooling systems and hybrid systems are reviewed in this study. The results show that the MEC system effectively reduces the ambient temperature up to the ideal range while maintaining the humidity ratio, and both dehumidification systems effectively reduce the humidity level and improve evaporative cooling efficiency. The integrated systems and hybrid systems have the ability to increase energy efficiency and controlled climatic stability in greenhouses. Regular maintenance, initial system cost, economic feasibility, and system scalability are significant challenges to implement these advanced temperature and humidity control systems for greenhouses. These findings will assist agricultural practitioners, engineers, and researchers in seeking alternate efficient cooling methods for greenhouse applications. Future research directions are suggested to manufacture high-efficiency, low-energy consumption, and efficient greenhouse temperature control systems while considering the present challenges. Full article
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25 pages, 33065 KiB  
Article
Cooling and Water Production in a Hybrid Desiccant M-Cycle Evaporative Cooling System with HDH Desalination: A Comparison of Operational Modes
by Lanbo Lai, Xiaolin Wang, Gholamreza Kefayati and Eric Hu
Processes 2023, 11(2), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020611 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3355
Abstract
In this paper, the cooling and freshwater generation performance of a novel hybrid configuration of a solid desiccant-based M-cycle cooling system (SDM) combined with a humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination unit is analysed and compared in three operational modes: ventilation, recirculation, and half recirculation. The [...] Read more.
In this paper, the cooling and freshwater generation performance of a novel hybrid configuration of a solid desiccant-based M-cycle cooling system (SDM) combined with a humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination unit is analysed and compared in three operational modes: ventilation, recirculation, and half recirculation. The HDH unit in this system recycles the moist waste air sourced from the M-cycle cooler and rotary desiccant wheel of the SDM system to enhance water production. A mathematical model was established and solved using TRNSYS and EES software. The results of this study indicate that the recirculation mode exhibited superior cooling performance compared to the other two modes, producing up to 7.91 kW of cooling load and maintaining a supply air temperature below 20.85 °C and humidity of 12.72 g/kg under various ambient conditions. All the operational modes showed similar water production rates of around 52.74 kg/h, 52.43 kg/h, and 52.14 kg/h for the recirculation, half-recirculation and ventilation modes, respectively, across a range of operating temperatures. The recirculation mode also exhibited a higher COP compared to the other modes, as the environmental temperature and relative humidity were above 35 °C and 50%. However, it should be noted that the implementation of the recirculation mode resulted in a higher water consumption rate, with a maximum value of 5.52 kg/h when the inlet air reached 45 °C, which partially offset the benefits of this mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Data-Driven Method for HVAC System)
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13 pages, 2987 KiB  
Article
Energy and Comfort Evaluation of Fresh Air-Based Hybrid Cooling System in Hot and Humid Climates
by Ramadas Narayanan, Subbu Sethuvenkatraman and Roberto Pippia
Energies 2022, 15(20), 7537; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207537 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1843
Abstract
Maintaining mechanical ventilation has been identified as a potential strategy for reducing the risk of virus infections. However, in hot and humid climatic conditions, delivering fresh air to a building comes at an energy cost and could impact occupant comfort due to the [...] Read more.
Maintaining mechanical ventilation has been identified as a potential strategy for reducing the risk of virus infections. However, in hot and humid climatic conditions, delivering fresh air to a building comes at an energy cost and could impact occupant comfort due to the persistent need for simultaneous cooling and dehumidification. In this paper, the performance of a novel hybrid air conditioning system that handles fresh air is studied. In this system, dehumidification is accomplished by a solid desiccant dehumidifier coupled with a cooling coil integrated with the cooling tower of an existing chiller system. Using the data available from an operational desiccant cooling system, a system-level model has been developed and validated to study the potential application of the system in hot and humid climates. The study found that such a system is effective in delivering sensible cooling in all types of climates; thanks to the two-stage cooling in cooling coil and chilled water coils, respectively. However, the system is effective in delivering thermal comfort in regions where the climate has a relatively moderate ambient humidity. For the tropical cities of Darwin, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok, the system can provide comfortable temperatures, but faces challenges in keeping the humidity within the comfort zone. The system electrical coefficient of performance (COP) is higher than that of refrigerative systems. This system also has the benefit over the refrigerative system of the supply air, which is entirely fresh ambient air and is expected to improve the indoor environmental quality largely. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solar Cooling and Heating Technologies)
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18 pages, 23003 KiB  
Review
Review of Dew Point Evaporative Cooling Technology for Air Conditioning Applications
by Anna Pacak and William Worek
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11030934 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 8304
Abstract
Indirect evaporative cooling has the potential to significantly improve the natural environment. It follows from a significant reduction in electricity consumption in the hot period, and hence lower operating costs for cooling systems. This paper presents the current state of knowledge and research [...] Read more.
Indirect evaporative cooling has the potential to significantly improve the natural environment. It follows from a significant reduction in electricity consumption in the hot period, and hence lower operating costs for cooling systems. This paper presents the current state of knowledge and research directions on dew point indirect evaporative cooling. It was found that researchers focus on the development of dew point indirect evaporative coolers (DPIEC) by improving its design, geometry, water distribution, and new porous materials implementation. To evaluate the performance of new types of DPIEC, different methods are used by the scientists. Finally, optimized devices are studied in terms of their performance in different systems, like hybrid and desiccant systems, considering different climate conditions. Potential directions of development of evaporative technologies were indicated, such as increasing the coefficient of performance of solid desiccant evaporative cooling systems, developing novel geometry, and efficient water distribution, including development of porous materials. Full article
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21 pages, 4710 KiB  
Article
Effect of Evaporator Position on Heat Pump Assisted Solid Desiccant Cooling Systems
by Shuo Liu, Chang-Ho Jeong and Myoung-Souk Yeo
Energies 2020, 13(22), 5918; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225918 - 13 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2364
Abstract
The packaged terminal air conditioning with reheat (PTACR) system, as a commonly used dehumidification system, faces the problem of extra energy consumption in the deep-cooling and reheating processes. Therefore, different heat pump assisted hybrid solid desiccant cooling (HPDC) systems were proposed and their [...] Read more.
The packaged terminal air conditioning with reheat (PTACR) system, as a commonly used dehumidification system, faces the problem of extra energy consumption in the deep-cooling and reheating processes. Therefore, different heat pump assisted hybrid solid desiccant cooling (HPDC) systems were proposed and their characteristics were investigated via EnergyPlus simulations. The system energy efficiency presents an upward trend with the increase in outdoor temperature and humidity. A high-humidity climate leads to the improvement of system performance. The dehumidification performance of the desiccant wheel in the HPDC system declines when outdoor humidity increases. Compared with the PTACR system, the energy consumption of the HPDC system in which the evaporator was placed upstream of the desiccant wheel is reduced by 36%, 66%, and 64%, respectively, under different high-humidity climates. The system maintained the indoor environment within the comfort zone, and eliminated the need for a heat source for desiccant regeneration. In conclusion, the HPDC system is an available alternative that considers both energy consumption and system performance. Placing the evaporator upstream of the desiccant wheel is more advantageous in high-temperature and high-humidity climates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section G: Energy and Buildings)
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18 pages, 1774 KiB  
Article
Performance Enhancement of Hybrid Solid Desiccant Cooling Systems by Integrating Solar Water Collectors in Taiwan
by Win-Jet Luo, Dini Faridah, Fikri Rahmat Fasya, Yu-Sheng Chen, Fikri Hizbul Mulki and Utami Nuri Adilah
Energies 2019, 12(18), 3470; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183470 - 9 Sep 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5250
Abstract
A hybrid solid desiccant cooling system (SDCS), which combines a solid desiccant system and a vapor compression system, is considered to be an excellent alternative for commercial and residential air conditioning systems. In this study, a solar-assisted hybrid SDCS system was developed in [...] Read more.
A hybrid solid desiccant cooling system (SDCS), which combines a solid desiccant system and a vapor compression system, is considered to be an excellent alternative for commercial and residential air conditioning systems. In this study, a solar-assisted hybrid SDCS system was developed in which solar-heated water is used as an additional heat source for the regeneration process, in addition to recovering heat from the condenser of an integrated heat pump. A solar thermal collector sub-system is used to generate solar regeneration water. Experiments were conducted in the typically hot and humid weather of Taichung, Taiwan, from the spring to fall seasons. The experimental results show that the overall performance of the system in terms of power consumption can be enhanced by approximately 10% by integrating a solar-heated water heat exchanger in comparison to the hybrid SDCS system. The results show that the system performs better when the outdoor humidity ratio is large. In addition, regarding the effect of ambient temperature on the coefficient of performance (COP) of the systems, a critical value of outdoor temperature exists. The COP of the systems gradually rises with the increase in ambient temperature. However, when the ambient temperature is greater than the critical value, the COP gradually decreases with the increase in ambient temperature. The critical outdoor temperature of the hybrid SDCS is from 26 °C to 27 °C, and the critical temperature of the solar-assisted hybrid SDCS is from 27 °C to 30 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICKII 2019)
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