Search Results (10,992)

Background: The cerebellum has recently been proposed as a key contributor to facial expression (FE) processing, although the neural pathways underlying its involvement remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether cerebellar modulation of FE processing preferentially relies on motor or perceptual circuits. Methods: Sixteen healthy young participants underwent cerebellar cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCs) and sham stimulation in a randomized crossover design. Cerebellar–motor cortex interactions were assessed using cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) measured by a paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, while early perceptual processing was evaluated through P100 and N170 event-related potentials (ERPs). Behavioral performance was assessed using a task involving recognition of neutral, happy, and fearful faces. Results: Cerebellar tDCs selectively modulated the cerebello–thalamo–primary motor cortex pathway, producing a significant reduction in CBI during the passive viewing of emotional (happy and fearful) expressions while exerting no significant effects on occipitotemporal ERP components associated with early face perception or on behavioral measures of emotion recognition, including recognition accuracy and reaction times. Conclusions: These findings indicate that cerebellar contributions to facial emotion processing are predominantly mediated through motor rather than early perceptual pathways. The cerebellum appears to modulate motor network activity during emotional face observation without directly influencing occipitotemporal perceptual mechanisms, although this physiological modulation was not accompanied by measurable changes in behavioral performance. These findings support the hypothesis that cerebellar involvement in social cognition is primarily related to the optimization of emotion-related motor processing. Full article

Fatigue and balance disorders are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), but the neural mechanisms linking them during postural control remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aims to examine associations between fatigue, balance impairment, and task-evoked cortical hemodynamics/connectivity. Sixteen PwMS (relapsing-remitting MS; EDSS < 3.5) and 19 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Based on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), PwMS were classified as fatigued (f_PwMS, MFIS ≥ 38; n = 10) or non-fatigued (nf_PwMS, n = 6). Participants performed five 30 s trials of static stance on foam with eyes closed. fNIRS recorded frontal, temporal, and occipital cortical activity, while stabilometry measured center-of-pressure sway. In PwMS, MFIS showed a trend toward association with sway (r = 0.49; p = 0.06). Sway was higher in f_PwMS than nf_PwMS and HC but not significantly different (ANOVA p = 0.341). Compared with HC, PwMS showed increased bilateral prefrontal and reduced occipital HR. Stratified analyses showed greater HR in f_PwMS versus HC and nf_PwMS in bilateral BA10 and in temporo-parietal regions, with a right-hemisphere predominance. Global coherence did not differ across groups, but exploratory BA10 analysis showed higher prefrontal coherence in f_PwMS than nf_PwMS (p = 0.02). Fatigued PwMS exhibit amplified, right prefrontal and temporo-parietal activation and focal prefrontal hyper-connectivity, consistent with compensatory top–down control to maintain balance. Full article

Background/Objectives: Walking-induced fatigue disrupts postural balance, but the differentiated effects of walking uphill and downhill remain unclear. The aim was to compare the impact of two walking sequences, either uphill (+10%) or downhill (−20%), with an identical number of steps (7000 steps) on a treadmill at 5.5 km·h⁻¹ on postural balance. Methods: Nineteen healthy young participants performed the two walking sequence sessions (56 and 57 min) eight days apart. Eyes-closed bipedal postural balance (in three randomized conditions: an unmanipulated condition, a tendon vibration manipulation condition—TV—and a galvanic vestibular stimulation manipulation condition—GVS), maximal voluntary contraction and central activation ratio were assessed before (PRE), immediately after (POST) and 20 min after (POST20) each walking sequence. Results: Walking uphill and walking downhill sequences generated similar muscular and central fatigue in the POST and POST20 conditions. In the unmanipulated postural condition, postural balance was disrupted after both walking sequences in the POST condition, with no difference between walking downhill and walking uphill. In the manipulated postural conditions, postural balance was modified by the walking sequences. It was disrupted in the presence of GVS in the POST condition with no difference between walking downhill and uphill, whereas it was not disrupted in the presence of TV and was even improved after walking uphill. Conclusions: Although the postural alteration was broadly similar between the two walking sequences, their disruptive factors would differ at the muscular, metabolic and sensory levels. Full article

The rising burden of obesity and non-communicable diseases among young people has prompted global recommendations for healthier food environments, but evidence is limited across African universities. This study aims to assess the healthiness and spatial distribution of university food environments using in-store retail audits and outdoor food advertising assessments. Outdoor food advertisements were audited in two universities (excluding the University of Ibadan), while retail stores were assessed across three participating institutions within a 300–500 m radius of each campus. Data were collected using the INFORMAS protocol and the NEMS-S-MED in-store audit tool, respectively, alongside spatial analyses. A total of 76 food advertisements and 145 food retail stores were identified. Less than one-tenth (7.5%) of advertised products were healthy. Healthier foods in retail stores were predominantly characterised by moderately low (37.2%) and medium (31.7%) availability, while affordability was low (73.1%), resulting in over half being classified as having a low (51.7%) degree of healthiness. These differed significantly across institutions (p < 0.05), with the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) having a more diverse, spatially dispersed and healthier food environment. There is a need to restrict unhealthy food advertising and encourage vendors’ procurement and the sale of healthier foods. Full article

Introduction: Voice-based digital biomarkers have emerged as a promising approach for distinguishing individuals with neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson’s disease (PD), from healthy subjects (HS). With the increasing availability of smartphone and web-based recording tools, voice data can be collected efficiently in both clinical and remote settings. However, further validation is required before such approaches can be translated into routine clinical practice. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional analysis at the recording level, treating repeated recordings from the same participant as separate observations collected at Vito Fazzi Hospital in Lecce, Italy. Speech recordings from individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls were collected using the dedicated Talia smartphone and web application. Sustained vowel phonation (/a/) was analyzed as the primary speech task. Following data acquisition, feature extraction was performed as a crucial step in the speech analysis pipeline, as the quality and relevance of the extracted features directly influence the ability of machine learning models to discriminate between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and healthy controls. To capture various aspects of speech impairment associated with PD, a comprehensive set of acoustic features was extracted, including long-term features (pitch, jitter, and shimmer), nonlinear descriptors such as Recurrence Period Density Entropy (RPDE), and short-term feature based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). These features were subsequently used to develop and evaluate machine learning models for the classification of Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects. Feature selection was performed using SHAP to identify the most informative vocal biomarkers. Model performance was assessed using five independent random train–test splits (70% training and 30% testing), supported by an internal five-fold cross-validation procedure within the training data. Multiple machine learning models were developed and evaluated, including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Network, and Gradient Boosting. Results: The evaluated models demonstrated strong recording-level classification performance. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) achieved the highest accuracy scores (0.9545 and 0.9494, respectively), along with superior recall (up to 0.9500), precision (up to 0.9551), and F1-score (up to 0.9525). Both models also exhibited excellent discriminative ability, with ROC-AUC values reaching 0.9882 (ANN) and 0.9893 (KNN). In contrast, Naive Bayes and Decision Tree showed comparatively lower performance across all metrics. Log-loss analysis further confirmed the robustness of ANN and KNN, which achieved the lowest values (0.2552 and 0.2510, respectively), indicating well-calibrated predictions. Overall, the findings highlight the consistency and generalizability of ANN and KNN across cross-validation splits. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that machine learning models, particularly ANN and KNN, can effectively differentiate Parkinson’s disease from healthy conditions using voice recordings. The integration of explainable AI for feature selection enhances model transparency and clinical relevance. However, the reported performance estimates were obtained from a recording-level analysis and should be interpreted as preliminary findings. Further studies involving larger cohorts and participant-level validation strategies are required to determine the generalizability and clinical applicability of these approaches. Full article

Background/Objectives: Gallbladder emptying is primarily regulated by postprandial cholecystokinin release. In proteinuric glomerular diseases, renal loss of peptide hormones, hormone-binding proteins, or related regulatory proteins may affect biliary motility. However, gallbladder function has not been adequately investigated in individuals with proteinuric glomerular disease. This study evaluated the association between proteinuria and gallbladder emptying in patients with preserved kidney function and biopsy-proven glomerular disease. Methods: This single-center ultrasonographic case–control study with prospective participant enrollment and data collection included 106 participants: 52 patients with biopsy-proven proteinuric glomerular disease and 54 healthy controls without proteinuria. The proteinuric patient group consisted of individuals diagnosed with primary glomerulonephritis or amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. Acute kidney injury, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m², cholelithiasis, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, previous upper gastrointestinal surgery, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and recent rapid weight loss were considered exclusion criteria. After an overnight fast of at least 8 h, fasting gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasonography and recorded as baseline volume (V0). Gallbladder volume was measured again 45 min after stimulation with a standardized 40 g chocolate meal and recorded as postprandial volume (V45). Gallbladder volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula, and gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was calculated as [(V0 − V45)/V0] × 100. GBEF <40% was used as a predefined clinical threshold for impaired gallbladder emptying. In the primary analysis, the association between proteinuria status and GBEF as a continuous outcome was evaluated using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and family history of gallstones. Impaired gallbladder emptying, operationally defined as GBEF <40% for the supportive secondary binary outcome, was examined using multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for the same covariates. Results: Compared with controls, proteinuric patients had significantly higher postprandial gallbladder volume at 45 min: 15,614.04 ± 9148.35 mm³ versus 10,346.89 ± 5254.17 mm³ (p = 0.0003). GBEF was significantly lower in the proteinuria group than in healthy controls: 41.76% ± 19.64 versus 53.10% ± 20.22; mean difference, −11.34 percentage points (95% confidence interval, −19.02 to −3.66; p = 0.0042). Impaired gallbladder emptying was more frequently observed in the proteinuria group: 48.1% versus 27.8% (p = 0.031). In unadjusted analysis, the presence of proteinuria was associated with a 2.41-fold increase in the odds of impaired gallbladder emptying. This association remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index: adjusted odds ratio, 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.17–7.47; p = 0.022). Among proteinuric patients, GBEF did not differ significantly according to nephrotic versus non-nephrotic proteinuria, serum albumin level, serum total protein level, or histopathological diagnostic subgroup. Conclusions: In individuals with preserved kidney function and biopsy-proven glomerular disease, proteinuria was associated with impaired postprandial gallbladder emptying, and this association persisted after multivariable adjustment. These findings suggest that gallbladder dysmotility may represent a potentially relevant functional feature of proteinuric kidney disease; however, its biological basis and clinical consequences remain to be established. Prospective studies incorporating cholecystokinin measurements, duration of proteinuria, and longitudinal clinical follow-up are needed to clarify these issues. Full article

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare structural and functional parameters between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and healthy controls, assess associations with pulmonary function, and identify factors independently associated with COPD status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 89 participants (COPD: n = 45; controls: n = 44). Structural parameters included forward shoulder posture (FSP), scapular rotation, scapular distance (SD), and pectoralis minor index, measured bilaterally. Functional parameters included maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP/MEP), chest expansion at three thoracic levels, spinal angles, and spirometry (%FVC, %FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF_25–75%, PEFR). Univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression identified variables independently associated with COPD. Results: COPD patients were older and exhibited lower anthropometric measures. Scapular rotation was greater in COPD (p < 0.05 bilaterally), while SD was significantly reduced (p < 0.001 bilaterally). MIP, MEP, and chest expansion at all three levels were significantly impaired in COPD (p < 0.05). All spirometric parameters were markedly lower in COPD (all p < 0.001). SD was positively associated with spirometric indices on both sides (p < 0.01). FSP was inversely associated with MIP, MEP, and chest expansion (p < 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression, age (OR 1.280, p = 0.018), %FVC (OR 0.875, p = 0.029), and FEF_25–75% (OR 0.909, p < 0.001) were independently associated with COPD status. Conclusions: Patients with COPD demonstrated reduced SD and increased scapular rotation. SD was significantly associated with pulmonary function, whereas FEF_25–75% and %FVC emerged as independently associated variables of COPD status. Collectively, these findings underscore the clinical relevance of integrating targeted scapulothoracic and respiratory rehabilitation strategies to optimize functional outcomes and support overall respiratory health and well-being. Full article

Objectives: Spinal tumors often require complex surgical treatments, in particular en bloc vertebrectomy, and a pre-operative kinematics and functional assessment of the spine could be advised to improve surgical outcomes and patients’ quality of life. However, established protocols for stereophotogrammetry-based gait analysis are not available. This study aims at evaluating the feasibility of an experimental protocol for multi-segment trunk and spine kinematics in patients scheduled for en bloc vertebrectomy. Methods: Ten patients and ten age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent full-body gait analysis using an established marker-set able to track the lower limbs, pelvis, thorax, shoulders, and five spine line segments. The participants completed static double leg standing, barefoot level walking, and elementary trunk movements. A preliminary within-session repeatability assessment in two individuals (one representative patient and one healthy participant) was performed (root mean square error smaller than 10% of ROM; intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.8). Results: Compared with controls, patients affected by spinal tumors showed slower gait, shorter stride length, smaller ROM at the pelvis and thorax, and reduced frontal-plane mobility between spine line segments, but physiological lower-limb joint kinematics. During elementary movements, patients exhibited reduced trunk ROM in the anatomical plane of motion, particularly at a central spine segment, and smaller pelvic mobility in axial rotations. Conclusions: The results of this study support the feasibility of the proposed protocol for gait analysis in the rare clinical population of patients affected by spinal tumors and provide descriptive functional information that may complement conventional pre-operative clinical and imaging assessments. Full article

Women with endometriosis experience chronic cyclic pelvic pain (CCPP) or chronic persistent pelvic pain (CPPP), both of which may be incapacitating even after treatment. Emotional dysregulation in endometriosis impedes patient recovery. This study evaluated the relationships among emotional state, pain perception, and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in women with endometriosis presenting with CCPP or CPPP. An exploratory, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative with repeated sampling study was conducted with 52 women diagnosed with endometriosis and experiencing either CPPP or CCPP. Participants completed a psychometric battery including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Pain perception was assessed using the Wong–Baker Pain Rating Scale (FACES). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, during stressor and recovery phases, and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Fifty-two women with endometriosis were included (CPPP: n = 33; CCPP: n = 19). No significant between group differences were observed in emotional state (HADS: p = 0.682; BDI: p = 0.842), anxiety (STAI-State: p = 0.086; STAI-Trait: p = 0.615), general distress (GHQ-30: p = 0.730), or pain intensity (FACES: p = 0.705). The prevalence of depressive symptoms did not differ between groups (CPPP: 69.7% vs. CCPP: 73.7%; χ² = 0.093, p = 0.760). Salivary cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were comparable between groups across all measurement conditions. Spearman correlations revealed uncorrected significance between TNF-α and emotional distress: basal TNF-α correlated inversely with HADS (ρ = −0.292, p = 0.031) and BDI (ρ = −0.278, p = 0.041); TNF-α under stress correlated with HADS (ρ = −0.329, p = 0.014) and GHQ-30 (ρ = −0.271, p = 0.046); and TNF-α during recovery correlated with GHQ-30 (ρ = −0.363, p = 0.006). These findings indicate that CPPP and CCPP were not associated with statistically significant differences in emotional states or salivary cytokine profiles at the group level. Exploratory pos hoc analyses suggested that pain pattern may moderate the association between TNF-α and psychological burden, particularly in the CCPP subgroup; however, these findings require confirmation in larger studies with prespecified analyses. Exploratory analyses suggested patterns between salivary inflammation and psychological burden; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small subgroup size, multiple comparisons, and lack of a matched healthy control group. Full article

Background: This study investigated changes in electrical sensory threshold (ST) following horizontal whole-body vibration (WBV) and compared these effects with passive relaxation. Additionally, the influence of sex, age, and body composition on baseline ST and the WBV-induced immediate changes in ST was evaluated. Methods: The study comprised a preliminary controlled phase including participants exposed to WBV (n = 44) or passive relaxation (n = 44), followed by a main phase involving 266 healthy young adults (147 women, 119 men). ST was assessed before and after a 30 min WBV session or passive relaxation using transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Results: WBV significantly increased ST in the preliminary phase (13.75 to 16.00 mA, p < 0.001, r = 0.65), whereas passive relaxation produced the opposite effect, significantly decreasing ST (13.00 to 10.00 mA, p < 0.001, r = 0.84). In the main phase, WBV resulted in an increase in ST in both women (14.00 to 15.50 mA, p < 0.001, r = 0.48) and men (16.00 to 18.50 mA, p < 0.001, r = 0.43). Women exhibited lower ST than men both before and after WBV, although the magnitude of the WBV-induced response was comparable between the sexes. Statistically significant associations between body composition and baseline ST were observed in women, whereas no significant associations were identified in men. A weak positive association between age and the WBV response was observed in women, whereas no significant association was found in men. Conclusions: Horizontal WBV induces an immediate increase in electrical ST, suggesting an immediate effect on somatosensory processing. Baseline ST and the immediate ST response to WBV exhibited different patterns of association with age and body-composition parameters. Because these analyses were exploratory, the findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in future studies. Full article

Self-managed leisure is a key determinant of volitional development and the transition to adulthood in young people. This article examines the relationship between perceived family and social support environments and levels of self-management and motivation among young people aged 18 to 29. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used to administer the Self-managed Leisure Scale (SLS) [Escala de Autogestión del Ocio (SLS)] and the Environment Scale (ES) [Escala de Entornos (EE)] to a sample of 468 young people living in Spain. The results reveal medium-to-high levels of self-management, highlighting that women have greater perceived competencies and relational connections than men, although they also perceive greater social barriers. It was confirmed that greater family and social support correlates significantly with higher levels of autonomy, competence and social relationships in leisure time. In the area of motivation, multiple orientations are observed to coexist, with slightly higher average scores for the identified regulation. It was concluded that self-management is an essential psychosocial mechanism for integral human development, which enables young people to be the authors of their own experience. Fostering environments that nurture basic psychosocial needs is critical for promoting active, healthy and engaged citizens and transforming leisure into a space of participation and well-being. Full article

Background: Restrictive dieting is a common behavior among young adults and may be associated with increased vulnerability to disordered eating. University students represent a population potentially exposed to multiple influences affecting eating behaviors, including academic stress, social pressures, and appearance-related standards promoted through digital media. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between restrictive dietary practices, eating behaviors, and indicators of vulnerability to disordered eating among university students in Poland. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 university students aged 19–34 years. Data were collected using an anonymous online questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, the original Restrictive Diet Motivation Questionnaire (RDMQ), and the validated Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-13 (TFEQ-13). Motivational factors were categorized into aesthetic, social, health-related, eating control, and self-discipline, and personal beliefs regarding restrictive dieting. Statistical analyses included the Gamma correlation coefficient, chi-square test, and ordinal logistic regression, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Restrictive dieting was reported by a substantial proportion of participants, with women reporting this behavior more frequently than men. The most prominent motivations were related to appearance, weight control, social influences, and personal beliefs regarding restrictive diets. Participants who followed restrictive diets demonstrated higher levels of cognitive restraint compared with those who did not engage in restrictive dieting. Strong associations were observed between cognitive restraint and aesthetic motivations, personal beliefs regarding restrictive dieting, social motivations, eating control and self-discipline, and health-related motivations. Multivariable analysis confirmed that aesthetic motivation, personal beliefs, previous restrictive dieting, and female sex were independent predictors of higher cognitive restraint. Conclusions: Restrictive dieting among university students is strongly associated with appearance-related motives, dieting-related beliefs, and increased cognitive restraint. In this study, eating disorder risk was inferred from behavioral indicators, particularly cognitive restraint, rather than from clinical diagnostic criteria. These findings highlight the need for preventive strategies promoting evidence-based nutrition knowledge, healthy eating behaviors, and a positive body image among young adults. Full article

Chronic liver diseases impose a considerable global public health burden, yet available treatment options remain largely inadequate. The gut microbiota exerts a key modulatory effect on liver disease pathogenesis via the gut-liver axis. Among them, Lachnospiraceae, a dominant bacterial family in the healthy adult gut, has drawn growing interest in recent years. Lachnospiraceae exert protective functions by producing short-chain fatty acids, participating in secondary bile acid conversion, and synthesizing active metabolites such as N-acetyl-glutamic acid, thereby maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and regulating host metabolic and immune homeostasis. Extensive evidence indicates that in cirrhosis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, Lachnospiraceae abundance is consistently and significantly reduced, and this decrease is closely correlated with disease severity and adverse prognosis. In hepatocellular carcinoma, however, different members of Lachnospiraceae exhibit functional divergence, with some butyrate-producing genera decreasing while other subgroups may become enriched and influence the tumor immune microenvironment. Live biotherapeutic products based on Lachnospiraceae have achieved clinical breakthroughs in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and metabolic syndrome, providing important references for their translational application in liver diseases. This review systematically synthesizes the abundance changes and mechanisms of Lachnospiraceae across major liver diseases, evaluates their biomarker and therapeutic target potential, and seeks to provide fresh perspectives for precision microbiome-modulating strategies in chronic liver disease management. Full article

Virtual reality-based subjective visual vertical (VR-SVV) has attracted attention as a potential solution to equipment-related limitations of conventional SVV testing. This study investigated the test–retest reliability and adequate trial number for stable assessment of vertical perception using VR-SVV in healthy adults. Participants performed 10 trials in a VR-SVV test and repeated the assessment after one week. SVV orientation and SVV variability were calculated. Test–retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [1,2]), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence level (MDC₉₅). The minimum number of trials required for stable assessment was examined by comparing results from fewer trials with those obtained from all 10 trials. SVV orientation and variability were −0.14° and 0.79°, respectively. ICC, SEM, and MDC₉₅ were 0.62, 0.64°, and 1.76°, respectively. No adverse events occurred. SVV metrics derived from 6–9 trials differed by less than 10% from those obtained from 10 trials. VR-SVV is feasible and demonstrates moderate test–retest reliability. Six trials may be adequate for practical assessment of vertical perception. Full article

Background: Endurance exercise is known to induce the excessive production of reactive oxygen metabolites due to enhanced metabolic activity and inflammation, leading to oxidative stress and related injuries. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, is broadly acknowledged for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with other protective functions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term SFN precursor supplementation on maximal exercise-induced muscle damage, oxidative stress and endurance capacity in healthy adults. Methods: In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, 14 healthy participants (7 males, 7 females; age, 25.07 ± 1.04 years; weight, 65.28 ± 4.13 kg; height, 170.07 ± 3.46 cm; BMI, 22.48 ± 0.91) received SFN glucosinolate capsules (200 µmol/day) or placebo for 2 weeks during the first trial. Following a three-week washout period, the participants crossed over to the alternate treatment. Maximal exercise tests were performed following each supplementation (SFN or placebo) period. Blood samples were collected at baseline (before treatment), pre-exercise, post-exercise and 2 h after each exercise session. Results: SFN supplementation did not alter endurance capacity or blood cell counts; however, it significantly attenuated serum creatine kinase (CK) activity (p = 0.034; SFN, 121.52 ± 16.89; placebo, 291.84 ± 133.07) and the myoglobin (Mb) concentration (p = 0.011; SFN, 15.82 ± 1.95; placebo; 27.31 ± 5.71) following exercise. Analysis of oxidative stress markers showed no significant changes in the absolute values; however, in the d-ROMs (p = 0.038; SFN, 107.42 ± 2.39; placebo; 112.32 ± 2.11) and OXY-adsorbent tests (p = 0.032; SFN, 115.97 ± 4.15; placebo; 107.73 ± 3.88), the percent changes from the baseline showed a significant interaction with the supplement. These findings suggest that short-term SFN supplementation may mitigate exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, suggesting a modest influence on the circulating biomarkers associated with muscle damage without altering the endurance capacity of healthy people. Conclusion: SFN intake may be a beneficial, non-invasive strategy to modulate acute biochemical responses to exercise via the antioxidant defense system in physically active individuals. Full article