In this paper, we review the differential signalling techniques and investigate its implementation of in free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. The paper is an extended version of our previous works, where the effects of background noise, we...
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects derived from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in childre...
A surprisingly small number of signalling pathways generate a plethora of cellular responses ranging from the acquisition of multiple cell fates to proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis and cell death. These diverse responses may be due to th...
Wnt signaling is a conserved regulator of stem cell behaviors, and the Drosophila germarium has been an important model tissue for the study of stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and proliferation. Here we review Wnt signaling in the germarium,...
In a maglev train levitation system, signal processing plays an important role for the reason that some sensor signals are prone to be corrupted by noise due to the harsh installation and operation environment of sensors and some signals cannot be ac...
Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant pediatric brain tumor, and it represents the leading cause of death related to cancer in childhood. New perspectives for therapeutic development have emerged with the identification of cancer stem cells...
Histopathological findings of oral neoplasm cell differentiation and metaplasia suggest that tumor cells induce their own dedifferentiation and re-differentiation and may lead to the formation of tumor-specific histological features. Notch signaling...
The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effect of Jagged 1 (Jag1)-mediated Notch signaling activation in the human limbal stem/progenitor cell (LSC) population and the stratification of t...
Signaling networks guide stem cells during their lineage specification and terminal differentiation. Primary cilium, an antenna-like protrusion, directly or indirectly plays a significant role in this guidance. All stem cells characterized so far hav...
Periodontitis is accompanied by inflammation that causes dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways. This leads to a violation of the homeostasis of periodontal tissues. Components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are...
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are characterized by the ability to self-renew as well as undergo multidirectional differentiation. Culture conditions have a pivotal influence on differentiation pattern. In the current study, we compared the fate of mo...
Purinergic signaling is associated with a vast spectrum of physiological processes, including cardiovascular system function and, in particular, its pathological calcifications, such as aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a degenerat...
Cell signaling, and the biochemical reactions underlying it, are complex phenomena fundamental for control of cellular behavior in response to the incentives present in the cell’s direct environment. It is crucial for coordination of cell activ...
On the example of a control system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, we consider the problems of filtering, smoothing and restoring derivatives of reference action signals. These signals determine the desired spatial path of the plant at the first appr...
In zebrafish (Danio rerio), iridophores are specified from neural crest cells and represent a tractable system for examining mechanisms of cell fate and differentiation. Using this system, we have investigated the role of cAMP protein kinase A (PKA)...
Excretory–secretory antigens (ESAs) of Cysticercus cellulosae can directly regulate the proliferation and differentiation of host T regulatory (Treg) cells, thus inhibiting host immune responses. However, previous studies have only focused on t...
The number of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) layers is continually increasing with the increase in data transmission rates, and the Signal Integrity (SI) of high-speed digital systems cannot be ignored. Introducing Vertical Interconnect Accesses (VIAs)...
A short reference differential chaotic shift keying communication system based on reference signal scrambling transformation (RSST-SR-DCSK) is proposed in this paper. The system introduces information-bit-driven scramblers at the transmission end to...
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of skeletal myoblast differentiation is essential for studying muscle developmental biology. In our previous study, we reported that knockdown of myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) inhibited myoblast differentia...
Physiological selenium (Se) levels counteract excessive inflammation, with selenoproteins shaping the immunoregulatory cytokine and lipid mediator profile. How exactly differentiation of monocytes into macrophages influences the expression of the sel...
The BMP2-Smad signaling pathway serves as a central regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, rendering it a promising target for the discovery of osteogenic agents from natural sources. Nonetheless, direct BMP2-binding ligands deri...
Cajanolactone A (CLA) is a stilbenoid discovered by us from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. In our study, CLA was found to promote osteoblast differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), as judged by increased cellular alkaline ph...
Recent experiments have explored the impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Substance P (SP) on the regulation of osteogenesis. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of SP on the formation of osteoblasts is still unknown. In this study, we inve...
Adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism have important regulatory effects on the quality of meat from livestock. A variety of transcription factors regulate preadipocyte differentiation. Several studies have revealed that transforming growth f...
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an exam widely adopted to monitor cerebral activities regarding external stimuli, and its signals compose a nonlinear dynamical system. There are many difficulties associated with EEG analysis. For example, noise can o...
Recently, due to their abundant benefits, current-mode instrumentation amplifiers have received considerable attention in medical instrumentation and read-out circuit for biosensors. This paper is focused on the design of current-mode instrumentation...
The enhancement of weak-fault signal characteristics in rolling bearings under strong background noise interference has always been a challenging problem in rotating machinery fault diagnosis. Research indicates that multivariate statistical indicato...
Human limbal epithelial stem cells (hLESCs) continuously replenish lost or damaged human corneal epithelial cells. The percentage of stem/progenitor cells in autologous ex vivo expanded tissue is essential for the long-term success of transplantation...
Emotion recognition is one of the most important issues in human–computer interaction (HCI), neuroscience, and psychology fields. It is generally accepted that emotion recognition with neural data such as electroencephalography (EEG) signals, f...
During development of yeast colonies, various cell subpopulations form, which differ in their properties and specifically localize within the structure. Three branches of mitochondrial retrograde (RTG) signaling play a role in colony development and...
Modern science is becoming increasingly committed to environmentally friendly solutions, mitigating the impact of the developing human civilisation on the environment. One of the leading fields aimed at sustainable agriculture is in vitro meat produc...
Postnatal muscle growth and exercise- or injury-induced regeneration are facilitated by myoblasts. Myoblasts respond to a variety of proteins such as cytokines that activate various signaling cascades. Cytokines belonging to the interleukin 6 superfa...
Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and plays an important role in muscle development. Fluctuations in gene expression influenced by DNA methylation are critical for homeostatic responses in muscle. However, little...
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising for regenerative medicine because of their multipotent differentiation capacity and ease of isolation from extracted teeth. We previously reported that high-density culture enhanced their osteogenic...
To address the issue of the Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiode (GM-APD) LiDAR’s echo being easily overwhelmed by strong noise under low signal-to-background ratio conditions, leading to degraded performance in range parameter estimation and low t...
Background/Objectives: Only substantial quantities of xeno-free human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) (hiPSC-CMs) with stable quality and structural and functional maturity can meet the demand for cardiac cell thera...
Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are desirable sources of dentin regeneration. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural component of green tea, shows potential in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells. Howe...
This paper focuses on a differential voltage measurement in low-voltage automotive devices whose subunits are separated with a low-side safety switch. In contrast to conventional applications with high-side switches, a common-mode voltage (CMV) with...
Adipogenesis is an indispensable cellular process that involves preadipocyte differentiation into mature adipocyte. Dysregulated adipogenesis contributes to obesity, diabetes, vascular conditions and cancer-associated cachexia. This review aims to el...
Recent trends on microbiology point out the urge to develop optical micro-tools with multifunctionalities such as simultaneous manipulation and sensing. Considering that miniaturization has been recognized as one of the most important paradigms of em...
This paper presents a low-voltage low-power chopper-stabilized differential difference amplifier (DDA) realized using 40 nm CMOS technology. Operating with a supply voltage of 0.5 V, a three-stage DDA has been employed to achieve an open-loop gain of...
Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels are critical for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We examined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chloride channel expression and associations with human conjunctiva...
Biological systems respond to perturbations through the rewiring of molecular interactions, organised in gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Among these, the increasingly high availability of transcriptomic data makes gene co-expression networks the mos...
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene cause autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD), with the most common causative mutation being the LRRK2 p.G2019S within the kinase domain. LRRK2 protein is highly expressed in the hu...
Cell-to-cell communication is fundamental to the organization and functionality of multicellular organisms. Intercellular signals orchestrate a variety of cellular responses, including gene expression and protein function changes, and contribute to t...
In modern electronic reconnaissance systems, digital receivers play an important role in receiving a variety of complex signals, in which signal-to-time extraction is a key issue, but traditional methods often rely on the signal envelope, which is ea...
Sensor differential signals are widely used in many systems. The tracking differentiator (TD) is an effective method to obtain signal differentials. Differential calculation is noise-sensitive. There is the characteristics of low-pass filter (LPF) in...
Brassinosteroids are a recently discovered group of substances that promote plant growth and productivity. Photosynthesis, which is vital for plant growth and high productivity, is strongly influenced by brassinosteroid signaling. However, the molecu...
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition is a commonly used approach to promote osteogenic differentiation through activation of Wnt signaling. However, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO), which is commonly used for GSK3 inhibition, also targe...
Several signalling pathways, including the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, have been identified to regulate the differentiation of human bone marrow skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hBMSCs) into bone-forming osteoblasts. Members of the JAK family medi...
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