Search Results (11)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 mL/L) of essential oils from coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum), tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), and orange peels (Citrus sinensis) on biomass, lipid content, and lipid yield of the strains Yarrowia lipolytica Y-1094, Y. lipolytica YB 423, and Y. lipolytica IFP29. The fatty acid composition of the oils produced by the strains was also determined. The highest biomass (5.38 ± 1.80 g/L) and lipid production (0.98 ± 0.42 g/L) were observed in the presence of Y. lipolytica IFP29 and Y. lipolytica YB 423, respectively. The lipid yield showed the highest value at the level of 0.45 mL/L in the presence of the Y. lipolytica Y-1094 strain. The correlation heat map results indicate that 0.45 mL of tarragon affected biomass and lipid content more than the other essential oils used. Y. lipolytica Y-1094 produced higher levels in terms of myristic acid and palmitic acid in all three essential oil sources than the other strains. The highest oleic acid level of all strains was determined in coriander seed essential oil, and the lowest in tarragon essential oil. The oleic acid level of Y. lipolytica Y-1094 was lower than that of the other two strains in all essential oils. Regarding linoleic acid, the oil level did not have a significant effect in the presence of tarragon and orange peel. Full article

In this study, 119 different coriander genotypes (38 different countries), including 114 genotypes and five cultivars, were undertaken to characterize the genotypes based on phenotypic, morphological, yield, and International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) properties, along with some chemical properties. The yield components were between 1.34 and 21.49 g for thousand-grain weight, 0.02–9.58 g/plant for fruit yield, 0.01–50.78 g/plant for biological yield, and 8.48–73.36% for harvest index. Similarly, the results of this study revealed significant variations in essential oil (0.05–1.86%v/w) and fixed oil content (10.22–34.03%v/w). The main components of the essential oil were determined as linalool (3.13–45.70%v/v), p-cymene (0.10–15.77%v/v), ɣ-terpinene (0.04–13.80%v/v), while the fixed oil main acids were determined as petroselinic (24.47–87.70%v/v), palmitic (7.13–23.04%v/v), elaidic (1.55–47.44%v/v), and behenic acids (3.17–12.56%v/v). The cluster, heat map, correlation, and principal coordinate (PCA) analyses were conducted to determine the genetic diversity and relationship among the genotypes based on the examined properties. The cluster and heat map analyses showed differences in the same origin genotypes. Petroselinic acid was the major contributing factor for PCA. As a result of this study, Ames 13900 and Ames 18595 genotypes had high values for fruit yield, fixed oil content, and essential oil content. Full article

Precision agriculture (PA), management zone (MZ) strategies at the field level, soil analyses, deficit irrigation (DI), and fertilizer Variable Rate Application (VRA) are management strategies that help farmers improve crop production, fertilizer use efficiency, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). In order to further investigate these management strategies, the effects of four soil MZ treatments, which were delineated using PA with fuzzy k-means clustering, two irrigation levels [IR1:FI = full drip irrigation (>90% of ${\theta }_{fc}$), IR2:VDI = variable deficit drip irrigation (60–75% of ${\theta }_{fc}$)], and four VRA fertilizations were studied on coriander yield and essential oil content in a two-year research project in Greece. A daily soil-water-crop-atmosphere (SWCA) balance model and a daily depletion model were developed using sensor measurements (climatic parameter sensors as well as soil moisture sensors). Unbalanced one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) statistical analysis results revealed that correct delineation of MZs by PA with fuzzy k-means clustering, if applied under deficit irrigation and VRA fertilization, leads to increased essential oil content of coriander with statistically significant differences (SSD) and lower fruit yields; however, without SSD differences among management zones, when appropriate VRA fertilization is applied to leverage soil nutrient levels through the different fuzzy clustered MZs for farming sustainability. Moreover, VDI compared to full irrigation in different MZs yields 22.85% to 29.44% in water savings, thus raising IWUE (up to 64.112 kg m⁻³), nitrogen efficiency (up to 5.623), and N-P-K fertilizer productivity (up to 5.329). Full article

Drought stress in arid regions is a serious factor affecting yield quantity and quality of economic crops. Under drought conditions, the application of nano-elements and nano-agents of water retention improved the water use efficiency, growth performance, and yield quantity of drought-stressed plants. For this objective, two field experiments were performed and organized as randomized complete block designs with six replications. The treatments included kaolin (5 t. ha⁻¹) bentonite (12.5 t. ha⁻¹), perlite (1.25 t.ha⁻¹), N-zeolite (1.3 L.ha⁻¹), N-silicon (2.5 L.ha⁻¹), and N-zinc (2.5 L.ha⁻¹). The current study showed that the application of silicon, zinc, and zeolite nanoparticles only positively influenced the morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of the drought-stressed coriander plant. Exogenous application of N-silicon, N-zinc, and N-zeolite recorded the higher growth parameters of drought-stressed plants; namely, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf area, and root length than all the other treatments in both seasons. The improvement ratio, on average for both seasons, reached 17.93, 17.93, and 18.85% for plant fresh weight, 73.46, 73.46, and 75.81% for plant dry weight, 3.65, 3.65, and 3.87% for leaf area, and 17.46, 17.46, and 17.16% for root length of drought-stressed plants treated with N-silicon, N-zinc, and N-zeolite, respectively. For physiological responses, the application of N-zeolite, N-silicon, and N-zinc significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosystem II efficiency compared with the control in both seasons, respectively. Similar results were observed in antioxidant compounds, nutrient accumulation, and phytohormones. In contrast, those treatments markedly reduced the value of transpiration rate, nonphotochemical quenching, MDA, ABA, and CAT compared to control plants. Regarding the seed and oil yield, higher seed and oil yields were recorded in drought-stressed plants treated with N-zeolite followed by N-silicon and N-zinc than all the other treatments. Application of N-zeolite, N-silicon and N-zinc could be a promising approach to improve plant growth and productivity as well as to alleviate the adverse impacts of drought stress on coriander plants in arid and semi-arid areas. Full article

In this study, the physico-chemical properties, polyphenol and fatty acid profiles and sensory evaluations of breads made from wheat flour and coriander seed powder mixtures were investigated. The oil yields of breads with coriander were identified between 0.11% (control) and 1.25% (with 30% coriander). The highest and lowest L* values were observed in the control and bread with 30% added coriander, respectively. The addition of coriander caused an increase in a* and b* (except for the bread with 30% added coriander) values of breads. Total phenol and flavonoid values of the coriander bread samples were recorded between 43.13 (control) and 64.01 mg GAE/100 g (with 30% coriander) to 72.62 (control) and 130.71 mg/100 g (with 30% coriander), respectively. The antioxidant capacity values of breads produced by adding coriander at different levels were determined between 0.45 (control) and 1.32 mmol/kg (with 30% coriander). In general, the quantitative values of phenolic constituents of the bread samples with added coriander powder were low compared to the control (except catechin and rutin). Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin and rutin were found at the highest amounts in bread samples, followed by caffeic acid, syringic acid and p-coumaric acids in descending order. Gallic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid amount values of bread samples were between 11.51 mg/100 g (with 30% coriander) and 45.21 (control), and 16.41 mg/100 g (with 10% coriander) and 29.39 mg/100 g (with 20% coriander), respectively. Additionally, the catechin and rutin contents of wheat breads produced by adding coriander seed powder at different concentrations were between 37.43 (with 10% coriander) and 70.12 mg/100 g (with 20% coriander), and 6.76 mg/100 g (with 10% coriander) and 29.45 mg/100 g (with 30% coriander powder), respectively. The phenolic components of the breads gradually decreased in parallel with the increase in the coriander concentration. The oleic and linoleic acid results of the oils of bread samples produced by adding coriander seed powder were between 23.15% (control) and 62.45% (with 30% coriander), and 26.67% (with 30% coriander) and 52.20% (control), respectively. In addition, with the increase in coriander concentration, the increase in the oleic acid contents of bread oils compared to the control and the decrease in the linoleic acid result gave the bread functionality for human health. In general, among the coriander bread samples, the bread sample with a 30% concentration of coriander powder was the most appreciated. Full article

“Keşkek”, which is a dish of Western Anatolia, Thrace, the Eastern Anatolia Region, the Black Sea and Central Anatolia, is a traditional dish made mainly of split wheat and meat—although it varies according to the regions in Anatolia—which is usually made at weddings and holidays. In this study, the effects of thyme, coriander and cumin spices on the fat content, bioactive properties, phenolic component, fatty acid composition, mineral contents and sensory properties of “Keşkek” were investigated. The oil yields of “Keşkek” types were determined to be between 14.90 (control) and 21.20% (with cumin). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of “Keşkek” types’ added spices were established as between 7.02 (control) and 77.10 mg/100 g Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) (with thyme) to 20.24 (control) and 132.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g (with thyme), respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity values of “Keşkek” samples varied between 0.04 (control) and 2.78 mmol Trolox Equivalent (TE)/kg (with thyme). Among these phenolic constituents, gallic acid was the most abundant, followed by catechin, rutin and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, in descending order. Oleic and linoleic acid contents of the “Keşkek” oils were detected between 25.51 (with thyme) and 30.58% (with cumin) to 38.28 (with cumin) and 48.49% (control), respectively. P, K, Mg and S were the major minerals of “Keşkek” samples. Considering the sensory characteristics of the “Keşkek” samples, “Keşkek” with thyme was appreciated, followed by “Keşkek” with cumin and “control and Keşkek” with coriander in decreasing order. Full article

Increasing seed yield, fatty acids, and essential oil content are the main objectives in breeding coriander. However, in order to achieve this, there is a need to understand the nature of gene action and quantify the heterosis and inbreeding depression. Towards this, six genetically diverse parents, their 15 F₁ one-way hybrids, and 15 F₂ populations were evaluated under different water treatments. The genetic effects of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) and their interactions with water treatment were significant for five traits. Water deficit stress decreased all traits in both F₁ and F₂ generations except for the essential oil content, which was significantly increased due to water deficit stress. Under water deficit stress, a non-additive gene action was predominant in the F₁ generation, while an additive gene action was predominant in the F₂ generation for all the traits except seed yield under severe water deficit stress. There was a positive high heterosis for the traits examined in some hybrids. Furthermore, in the F₂ generation, even after inbreeding depression, some promising populations displayed appropriate mean performance. The results show that the parents used for crossing had a rich, diverse gene pool for the traits studied. Therefore, selection between the individuals of relevant F₂ populations could be used to develop high yielding hybrids or superior lines. Full article

Coriander is one of the most popular and intensely used spices owing to its multipurpose uses worldwide. It is mainly cultivated for the production of its dried seed and fresh leaves. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of compost and foliar spraying of TiO₂ on the yield and essential oil composition of coriander. Two field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons; after that, the yield parameters were determined, and the essential oil of the seeds was extracted and analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that coriander growths at both years were significantly affected by compost application and foliar application of TiO₂, and a significant interaction of these two factors also occurred. Compost application at 50 m³ caused significant increments of 55% and 46% in umbels number and 75% and 64% in seed yield in the first and second season, respectively, compared with control. The application of compost to the coriander plant significantly influenced oil percentage and oil yield per ha. The maximum oil percent was recorded in control plants. Foliar application of TiO₂ resulted in significant improvement in plant height, number of umbels, and seed yield of coriander as compared with control and reached their maximum values at 6 g L⁻¹ compared with the control; foliar application of TiO₂ at 2 g L⁻¹ enhanced numbers of umbels by 22% with no significant differences between 2, 4, and 6 g L⁻¹ treatments in the first season and by 24, 33, and 48% in the second season. Increases in seed yield accounted for 34, 43, and 64% in the first season and 21, 36, and 45% in the second season due to titanium dioxide application of 2, 4, and 6 g L⁻¹, respectively. The maximum content of linalool (87.61%) and minimum content of estragole (0.7%) was recorded at 4 g L⁻¹ titanium dioxide with no compost. Full article

Coriander (Coriander sativum L.) is an annual herb mainly cultivated for its seed characteristics. Drought stress is a major problem which affects coriander behaviour through biochemical responses. This study aimed to determine the nature and magnitude of epistasis in inheritance of seed yield (SY), percent of dehulled seed (PODS), percent of seed hulls (POSH), essential oil content (EOC), essential oil yield (EOY), dehulled seed fatty acid content (DSFAC), hull fatty acid content (HFAC), fatty acid content (FAC), and fatty acid yield (FAY), and to estimate additive and dominance variance for the traits not influenced by epistasic effects. Three testers, TN-59-158 (highly drought-susceptible), TN-58-230 (highly drought-tolerant, but low-yielding), and their F₁ hybrid were each crossed for six genotypes. The experiment was performed under different levels of water deficit: control (C), moderate water deficit (MWD), and severe water deficit (SWD) conditions. Epistasis affected the expression of SY, EOC, EOY, FAC, and FAY in all water conditions, PODS in C, POSH in SWD, HFAC in MWD, and DSFAC in both C and MWD conditions. Total epistasic effects were partitioned, showing that both [i] and [j + l] type interactions were significant, with a prevalent influence of [i] type interactions on these traits except for POSH and FAC in the SWD condition, which exhibited a higher value of the [j + l] type. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were significant for those traits not significantly affected by epistasis in C, MWD, or SWD conditions. An additive type of gene action was preponderant for PODS in MWD and SWD, POSH in MWD, DSFAC in SWD, and HFAC in C and SWD conditions. Full article

Environmental contamination and the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers resulting in stagnant yields of field crops which necessitate the utilization of combined fertilization approach under changing climatic conditions. Current study was aimed to clarify the influence of several fertilizer sources (chemical, organic, organomineral fertilizers) on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The results revealed that the fertilizer sources significantly affected the yield of coriander cultivars. The absence of “Year × Variety × Fertilizer Type” interactions for any of the noted parameters signaled that the detected “Variety × Fertilizer Type” interactions were constant regardless of the year factor. The recorded values of traits according to fertilizer sources different for the plant height from 61.85 to 69.67 cm, number of branches from 5.98 to 7.71 (piece/plant), number of umbels per the main umbel from 5.62 to 7.18 pieces, seed yield from 1.06 to 1.66 t/ha⁻¹, the biological yield from 4.29 to 5.70 t ha⁻¹, harvest index from 25.29 to 29.41%, essential oil ratio from 0.29 to 0.33%, and essential oil yield from 3.1 to 5.6 L ha⁻¹. Erbaa variety was observed to be superior over the rest of the varieties producing the maximum values of 6.5 L ha⁻¹ of essential oil, 0.36% essential oil content, 30.9% harvest index, 1.81 t/ha seed yield, and 5.9 t ha⁻¹ biological yield with the treatment of chemical fertilizers. Full article

Coriander vegetable oil was extracted from fruits of French origin in a 23% yield. The oil was of good quality, with a low amount of free fatty acids (1.8%) and a concurrently high amount of triacylglycerols (98%). It is a rich source of petroselinic acid (C18:1n-12), an important renewable building block, making up 73% of all fatty acids, with also significant amounts of linoleic acid (14%), oleic acid (6%), and palmitic acid (3%). The oil was characterized by a high unsaponifiable fraction, comprising a substantial amount of phytosterols (6.70 g/kg). The main sterol markers were β-sitosterol (35% of total sterols), stigmasterol (24%), and Δ⁷-stigmastenol (18%). Squalene was detected at an amount of 0.2 g/kg. A considerable amount of tocols were identified (500 mg/kg) and consisted mainly of tocotrienols, with γ-tocotrienol as the major compound. The phospholipid content was low at 0.3%, of which the main phospholipid classes were phosphatidic acid (33%), phosphatidylcholine (25%), phosphatidylinositol (17%), and phosphatidylethanolamine (17%). About 50% of all phospholipids were non-hydratable. The β-carotene content was low at 10 mg/kg, while a significant amount of chlorophyll was detected at about 11 mg/kg. An iron content of 1.4 mg/kg was determined through element analysis of the vegetable oil. The influence of fruit origin on the vegetable oil composition was shown to be very important, particularly in terms of the phospholipids, sterols, and tocols composition. Full article