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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = aperture averaged scintillation

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19 pages, 1620 KiB  
Article
Underwater Coherent Optical Wireless Communications with Electronic Beam Steering and Turbulence Compensation Using Adaptive Optics and Aperture Averaging
by Ali Derakhshandeh, Peter A. Hoeher and Stephan Pachnicke
Photonics 2025, 12(3), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030268 - 14 Mar 2025
Viewed by 926
Abstract
A novel approach to underwater optical wireless coherent communications using liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) and an aperture averaging lens, in combination with optical phased-array (OPA) antennas, is presented. A comprehensive channel model that includes a wide range of underwater properties, including [...] Read more.
A novel approach to underwater optical wireless coherent communications using liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) and an aperture averaging lens, in combination with optical phased-array (OPA) antennas, is presented. A comprehensive channel model that includes a wide range of underwater properties, including absorption, scattering, and turbulence effects, is employed to simulate the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system in a realistic manner. The proposed system concept utilizes aperture averaging and adaptive optics techniques to mitigate the degrading effects of turbulence. Additionally, OPA antennas are integrated into the system to provide electronic beam steering capabilities, facilitating precise pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) between mobile underwater vehicles. This integration enables high-speed and reliable communication links by maintaining optimal alignment. The numerical results show that under strong turbulence, our combined turbulence-compensation approach (LC-SLM plus aperture averaging) can extend the communication range by approximately threefold compared to a baseline system without compensation. For instance, at a soft-decision FEC threshold of 1.25×10−2, the maximum achievable link distance increases from around 10m to over 30m. Moreover, the scintillation index is reduced by more than 90%, and the bit error rate (BER) improves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Wireless Optical Communication: Integrating Visible Light and Beyond)
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13 pages, 2492 KiB  
Communication
Scintillation of Computational Ghost Imaging with a Finite Bucket Detector through Atmospheric Turbulence
by Hanling Deng, Pengfei Wu, Zhiwei Tao, Xinmiao Li, Yanling Li, Ruizhong Rao and Yichong Ren
Photonics 2023, 10(5), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050542 - 6 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1949
Abstract
Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle and infinitely long phase screen, the scintillation index and the aperture averaging effect of partially coherent beams in computational ghost imaging (CGI) with a finite bucket detector through atmospheric turbulence is investigated analytically and numerically. The signal–to–noise [...] Read more.
Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle and infinitely long phase screen, the scintillation index and the aperture averaging effect of partially coherent beams in computational ghost imaging (CGI) with a finite bucket detector through atmospheric turbulence is investigated analytically and numerically. The signal–to–noise ratio (SNR) is used to evaluate the image quality of computational ghost imaging. It is found that a strong phase modulation effect due to increasing turbulence intensity, leads to a degradation in image quality, as well as an increase in the scintillation index. In addition, the scintillation–saturation phenomenon occurs for strong turbulence. On the other hand, reducing the propagation distance, and the degree of source coherence results in a decrease in the scintillation index and an improvement of image quality. However, deteriorating the degree of beam source coherence could weaken the aperture averaging effect. Thus, the optimal beam and bucket detector aperture size require a trade–off between the scintillation index, the aperture averaging effects, and the image quality in CGI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors)
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15 pages, 511 KiB  
Article
Scintillation Index for Spherical Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Weak Oceanic Turbulence with Aperture Averaging under the Effect of Inner Scale and Outer Scale
by Zhiru Lin, Guanjun Xu, Qinyu Zhang and Zhaohui Song
Photonics 2022, 9(7), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070458 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2813
Abstract
Due to the advantages of high transmission rate, lower power consumption, high security, etc., underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has been widely studied and considered as a potential technique for underwater communication. However, its performance is severely degraded by oceanic turbulence due to [...] Read more.
Due to the advantages of high transmission rate, lower power consumption, high security, etc., underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has been widely studied and considered as a potential technique for underwater communication. However, its performance is severely degraded by oceanic turbulence due to refractive index fluctuations, which is caused by the change of inhomogeneous ocean environment. Within our derived spatial power spectrum model under anisotropic oceanic turbulence, we conducted a detailed investigation for a spherical wave propagating in weak anisotropic turbulence in this paper. Based on the derived oceanic spectrum, we proposed a scintillation index model for spherical wave in anisotropic oceanic turbulence considering the aperture averaging effect at non-zero inner scale and limited outer scale. Besides, we analyze the aperture averaging scintillation index under the influence of channel parameters such as inner and outer scales. Simulation results reveal that the scintillation index increases with the increase of the outer scale, while the inner scale induces an opposite trend on the scintillation index. Moreover, the inner scale exhibits a larger impact than the outer scale on the UWOC system over weak oceanic turbulence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Adaptive Optics Theory and Technology in Optical Wireless Communication)
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11 pages, 2562 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of Satellite-to-Ground Coherent Optical Communication System with Aperture Averaging
by Hongwei Li, Yongmei Huang, Qiang Wang, Dong He, Zhenming Peng and Qing Li
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(12), 2496; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122496 - 5 Dec 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
The satellite-to-ground optical communication system suffers from atmosphere turbulence severely. It is well-known that the coherent detection can increase the receiver sensitivity and performing aperture averaging can reduce the scintillation caused by the atmosphere turbulence. In this paper, the bit error rate, the [...] Read more.
The satellite-to-ground optical communication system suffers from atmosphere turbulence severely. It is well-known that the coherent detection can increase the receiver sensitivity and performing aperture averaging can reduce the scintillation caused by the atmosphere turbulence. In this paper, the bit error rate, the outage probability and the average capacity of a coherent satellite-to-ground optical communication downlink with aperture averaging are analyzed. The Log-normal atmosphere turbulence model and BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulation is employed. The analyzing focuses on the improvement of aperture averaging with different atmospheric conditions and zenith angles of the satellite. The bit error rate performance based on measuring data is given too. The results demonstrate the bit error rate and the outage probability can be reduced and the average capacity can be improved by aperture averaging efficiently. When the turbulence is stronger and the zenith angle is larger, the effect of aperture averaging is more obvious. The aperture averaging effect on BER (Bit Error Rate) is better than the effect on average capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light Communication: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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