Search Results (5,120)

The thermal durability of virgin/recycled polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites containing post-consumer recycled PP (PC-rPP) and end-of-life vehicle recycled PP (ELV-rPP) at various blending ratios was evaluated, with emphasis on the effect of a long-term thermal stabilizer (LTTS). The formulations were designed with a fixed talc content of 20 wt%, and the recycled series contained 50 wt% recycled feedstock. Accelerated thermal aging was conducted at 135, 145, and 155 °C to determine the time required to reach a 50% retention of the initial tensile strength. A common-slope Arrhenius model yielded an apparent activation energy ($E_{a,int}$) of 139.86 kJ/mol (95% Confidence Interval: 123.74–155.98 kJ/mol). Using the model-derived time to 50% retention ($t_{R50}$) at 135 °C as a reference, direct extrapolation to 100 °C yielded $t_{R\mathrm{50,100}}$ values ranging from 5.11 to 14.04 years. At equivalent blending ratios, the rPP composites incorporating LTTS exhibited significantly extended lifetimes compared to their unstabilized counterparts. Specifically, the $t_{R\mathrm{50,100}}$values for rPP composites with high ELV-rPP content (above 20 wt%) were comparable to that of the virgin PP (vPP) composite. To supplement the evaluation with absolute strength criteria, an 18 MPa tensile strength threshold was introduced. The resulting $t_{\mathrm{18,100}}$ values spanned 2.59–9.14 years, with all recycled formulations remaining below the performance of vPP under this criterion. These values serve as conditional comparative indices because an activation energy transfer to the 18 MPa endpoint is assumed, and direct validation at 100 °C is absent. The validity of the common-slope approximation is further limited by temperature-dependent residuals and an upper-tail departure in the normal Quantile-Quantile plot. Full article

Background/Objectives: Long COVID/post-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with persistent symptoms, including fatigue, headache, and autonomic dysfunction, leading to impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Although epidural oxygen injections have been used in patients with chronic post-traumatic headache and mild traumatic brain injury, their safety and therapeutic effects have not been systematically evaluated. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, patients with Long COVID/post-COVID-19 syndrome who underwent their first epidural oxygen injection between April 2022 and December 2025 were included. Safety was assessed by reviewing adverse events. HRQoL was evaluated using the Japanese version of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2^®) before treatment and approximately one month afterward. Paired SF-36v2^® scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction. Results: Forty-two patients were included (mean age, 31.9 ± 16.2 years; 21 males). The mean interval between COVID-19 infection and treatment was 16.7 ± 12.8 months. Adverse events occurred in eight patients (subcutaneous emphysema, n = 5; dyspnea, n = 2; back pain, n = 1); they all resolved spontaneously within one week, with no deaths, hospitalizations, or long-term sequelae. Paired SF-36v2^® data were available for 35 patients. The median scores improved across all domains, with the greatest increase observed in vitality (+25.0 points). All improvements remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusions: Epidural oxygen injection demonstrated a favorable short-term safety profile and was associated with improved HRQoL in patients with Long COVID/post-COVID-19 syndrome. Prospective controlled studies using objective outcome measures are needed to confirm efficacy and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Full article

Background/Objectives: To characterize the early clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of Japanese patients with Norrie disease. Retrospective multicenter observational case series with a systematic literature review. Methods: Fourteen infants with genetically confirmed Norrie disease were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical findings, disease stage, interocular asymmetry, treatment, and visual outcomes were evaluated using a modified staging system based on familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. A systematic review of previously reported Japanese cases was performed to assess disease severity at initial diagnosis. Results: Twenty-eight eyes of 14 patients were included. The median age at the initial examination was 2.5 months. Twenty-three eyes (82%) had stage 5 retinal detachment, whereas only five eyes (18%) had stage 2 or 4 disease. Interocular asymmetry was uncommon. Twenty-one eyes (75%) underwent laser photocoagulation and/or surgery. Visual outcomes were poor; at the most recent follow-up, all but two stage 4 eyes treated with laser photocoagulation had no light perception. Combined analysis of our cohort and the literature review identified 29 Japanese patients from 19 families and demonstrated that most already had advanced bilateral retinal detachment within the first two months of life. Conclusions: Norrie disease typically presents with advanced bilateral retinal detachment during early infancy, leaving limited opportunities for effective intervention. Early recognition and genetic diagnosis are therefore essential. Full article

Peer conflict is a common and developmentally meaningful social experience in children’s school life. However, existing interactive technologies have mainly focused on immediate mediation or conflict skills training, whereas established approaches such as attributional intervention, restorative practices, reflective learning, perspective taking, conflict debriefing, and social information processing have rarely been integrated within a single AI-supported system for children’s post-conflict reflection. Based on social information processing theory, this paper presents Kindom, a multimodal AI-supported story co-creation system for children aged 6–8 years. Through neutral prompts, role-based perspective switching, revision-oriented narrative branches, and Qwen-generated co-created narrative endings and researcher-mediated visual summaries, Kindom supports children in event review, emotion recognition, intention inference, and strategy generation and evaluation. This study adopted a two-stage Research through Design approach. First, formative interviews were conducted with 10 primary school teachers and 4 educational experts to identify design needs and develop system design goals. A one-month mixed-methods quasi-experimental study was then conducted to compare the performance of 40 children under the Kindom condition and a matched picture-book condition. The results showed that children in the Kindom group had significantly lower hostile attribution than those in the control group (p < 0.001, d = 1.175), and significantly higher positive response generation (p < 0.001, d = 2.109) and positive response evaluation (p < 0.001, d = 1.577). Qualitative analysis further showed that children shifted from hostile interpretations to contextualized interpretations, from a single-character perspective to an understanding of both parties’ emotions, and from direct responses to constructive strategies such as negotiation, repair, and help-seeking. These scenario-based task results suggest that multimodal AI-supported story co-creation may provide structured, low-pressure, process-oriented scaffolding for children’s social information processing and post-conflict reflection. This study proposes a four-stage support model for children’s post-peer-conflict reflection, designs and implements a child-centered multimodal AI-supported story co-creation system, and provides preliminary mixed-methods evidence based on scenario tasks. Its main contribution lies in integrating AI-supported multimodal story co-creation, sequential SIP-based reflection, structured revision of children’s initial interpretations, and traceable interaction logs. Full article

Background/Objectives: Postural and gait assessment is essential in the clinical evaluation of people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). However, conventional clinical assessments may lack the complexity required to uncover subtle deficits, particularly in individuals who compensate well under controlled conditions but struggle in daily life. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the incorporation of ecologically relevant postural and gait tasks into a controlled experimental environment enhances the detection of subtle motor deficits in PwPD, and to examine the ability of these tasks to distinguish between different levels of disease severity. Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects (HS) and 16 age-matched PwPD, further divided into Mild_PD (n = 9) and Moderate_PD (n = 7), performed a 60 s postural task on different surfaces (ground, medium elastic response, pebbles and root-like) and two walking tasks on ground (10-meter walk test, 10MWT) and on a 4 m mat with medium elastic response (MatWalk), while wearing five inertial measurement units. Postural and spatiotemporal parameters were extracted and statistically analyzed. Results: Postural task analysis revealed limited between-group differences, whereas within-group comparisons identified several significant differences across surfaces in HS and fewer in the PD group. Gait task analysis showed broader impairments, with some parameters differing in both walking tests and others only during the MatWalk when comparing HS and PD. Compliant surface walking was particularly sensitive to subtle gait alterations in Mild_PD. Conclusions: Ecologically relevant walking tasks, especially on compliant surfaces, may complement conventional assessments by revealing subtle gait impairments in PwPD not fully captured by standard clinical tests. Full article

Background: Dietary factors may influence psychosocial outcomes through inflammatory pathways, but evidence in adolescents remains limited. The aim was to examine whether dietary inflammatory potential is associated with psychosocial functioning among Spanish adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a subsample from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) project, conducted in the Region of Murcia (Spain). Dietary inflammatory potential was assessed using a dietary inflammatory index (DII)-informed Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)-derived inflammatory score based on a validated 45-item food frequency questionnaire. Behavioral functioning was evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Associations between DII-informed FFQ-derived inflammatory scores and SDQ outcomes were examined using robust linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric factors. Results: The analysis included 674 adolescents (57.1% girls; age: 14.0 [13.0–15.0] years). Higher DII-informed FFQ-derived inflammatory score (more pro-inflammatory diet) was associated with greater total behavioral difficulties (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 0.058; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.005–0.111; standardized β = 0.099), conduct problems (B = 0.025; 95% CI: 0.011–0.039; β = 0.148), hyperactivity/inattention (B = 0.032; 95% CI: 0.013–0.052; β = 0.154), and externalizing problems (B = 0.056; 95% CI: 0.028–0.084; β = 0.181), and with lower prosocial behavior (B = −0.029; 95% CI: −0.045 to −0.014; β = −0.149). Multiple imputation sensitivity analyses yielded estimates in a similar direction, although the associations did not reach statistical significance. No significant associations were observed for emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, or internalizing difficulties. Conclusions: Higher dietary inflammatory potential was associated with a less favorable psychosocial functioning profile among adolescents, particularly in externalizing domains. Longitudinal studies and anti-inflammatory dietary interventions are needed to determine whether the observed associations translate into meaningful changes in psychosocial functioning. Full article

Incorporating waste tyre rubber into cement composites could pose a sustainable strategy for reducing tyre waste, whilst simultaneously preserving natural resources. Accurate prediction of the compressive strength is essential for the efficient development and application of the new material. This study presents the experimental research and a new proposed machine learning modelling framework aimed at predicting the compressive strength of conventional and rubber-modified cement composites containing recycled rubber derived from end-of-life vehicle tyres. Experimental datasets from compressive strength tests on 48 concrete and 40 mortar specimens were used to develop predictive models, with varying rubber content. The empirical results show that increasing the percentage of waste rubber in the mixture designs negatively affects compressive strength, reducing it up to 96.06% for mortars, up to 64.4% for concrete made with ordinary Portland cement, and up to 60.7% for concrete made with sulfate-resistant cement. Three soft computing techniques were implemented using the DTREG predictive modelling software: the General Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The conventional linear regression (LR) model was also implemented and compared with these three machine learning models. They were trained using the experimentally measured results for the various mixtures. The model performance was evaluated using the standard estimators: the coefficient of determination (R²), correlation coefficient (r), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The GRNN demonstrated the best predictive abilities for predicting the strength of mortars, with MAPE = 4.6% and R² = 99.27% on the original dataset; on the normalized dataset, MAPE was 3.9%, and R² was 99.65. For predicting the strength of concrete, GRNN also outperformed the other models on the original dataset with MAPE = 3.8% and R² = 98.4%. The rubber content was identified as the most influential parameter affecting the compressive strength, while density, admixture conditions, the water-cement ratio, and curing age also contributed to the model’s performance. The LR model presented the lowest predictive accuracy among all evaluated algorithms (models) because of the significant complex nonlinear interactions between predictors and target, which can not be adequately modelled with a linear framework. Within the investigated experimental domain, the developed models showed high predictive accuracy and can be used for preliminary strength estimation and interpolation for mixtures with similar characteristics. Full article

Accurate detection of early minor faults in electric vehicle traction batteries is important for preventing thermal runaway under complex operating conditions. Aging-related capacity degradation and measurement noise can mask the weak voltage distortions caused by early faults, leading to false alarms in data-driven diagnostic models. To improve robustness to these disturbances, this paper develops an early multi-fault decoupling and diagnosis framework based on PatchTSSA, a lightweight Transformer architecture that adapts time-series patching and Token Statistics Self-Attention (TSSA) to battery diagnostic sequences. The framework combines static–dynamic feature fusion with time-series patching to capture both global voltage drift and local morphological gradients. Within this adapted framework, TSSA replaces quadratic dot-product attention with second-order moment pooling, giving linear complexity with respect to the number of tokens and supporting future investigation of embedded Battery Management System (BMS) implementation. A physics-informed fault-injection strategy is used to construct a five-class dataset comprising the healthy state (E00), minor internal short circuit (E01), severe internal short circuit (E02), penetration fault (E03), and sensor drift (E04) from public Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) battery-aging data. Across five raw-cycle-grouped splits and training seeds under 5 mV Gaussian white noise, the complete PatchTSSA configuration achieves $91.5\pm 1.9\%$ overall accuracy, $94.1\pm 1.2\%$ macro recall, and $85.4\pm 5.3\%$ E01 recall for the simulated fault patterns. The direct E01–E04 confusion rate is $0.09\pm 0.20\%$, whereas the E00-to-E01 false-alarm rate is $15.1\pm 6.9\%$. CALCE–NASA protocol differences are used only to describe cross-dataset domain shift; no transfer-performance claim is made without a matched capacity-free evaluation. The results indicate the potential of the framework for online fault-pattern discrimination, while validation using real fault data and embedded hardware remains necessary. Full article

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning models in predicting depression risk among older adults living alone and to identify the features contributing to those predictions using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Methods: We analysed 2022 nationwide survey data in Korea. A total of 1007 older adults remained after excluding respondents who lived in multi-person households, were aged < 65 years, or had physician-diagnosed dementia. Depression risk was defined using the CES-D-10 (cutoff ≥ 10). After removing features with high multicollinearity, logistic LASSO selected 23 predictors. Six algorithms were fitted using the training set, with hyperparameter tuning performed by 5-fold cross-validation where applicable, and evaluated in a held-out test set following a 70/30 split. SMOTE was applied only to the training data. Performance was summarised using AUC, sensitivity, specificity and the F1 score with bootstrap 95% confidence intervals, and stability was assessed by repeated stratified cross-validation. SHAP values provided explainability. Results: LightGBM achieved an AUC of 0.802 (95% CI 0.747–0.852), followed by Random Forest (0.794) and Logistic Regression (0.779). These differences were small relative to the uncertainty of the estimates. SHAP analysis identified oral health-related quality of life, satisfaction with relationships with children, frequency of social contact, overall life satisfaction, satisfaction with health status, and age as the most influential features. IADL limitations, diabetes, hypertension, and perceived social class contributed to predictions with smaller effects. Conclusions: An explainable LightGBM model achieved an AUC of 0.802 for depression risk among older adults living alone and identified psychosocial and health-related features, particularly oral health and social connectedness, that may help inform future screening strategies. Full article

Background: Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall deformity and it may impair cardiovascular function, pulmonary mechanics, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Although minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is the current standard surgical treatment, the perioperative dynamics of myocardial injury, inflammation, and their relationship with functional and echocardiographic changes remain incompletely understood, particularly in pediatric patients. Objective: The objective is to prospectively evaluate the perioperative dynamics of cardiac troponin and the change in right ventricular free-wall longitudinal strain as co-primary endpoints, and—as secondary outcomes—additional biochemical markers, echocardiographic parameters, pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in children and adolescents undergoing MIRPE. Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study to be conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Sixty pediatric patients (approximately 14–18 years of age) undergoing primary minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum will be enrolled. Biochemical markers, including troponins, natriuretic peptides and inflammatory markers will be assessed before surgery and during the first 72 h postoperatively. Echocardiography, pulmonary function tests (spirometry and body plethysmography), the 20 m shuttle run test (Léger), and quality-of-life assessments will be performed preoperatively and during postoperative follow-up. Longitudinal changes will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods for repeated measurements. Discussion: This study is expected to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, biochemical, and functional consequences of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum in pediatric patients. The findings may improve the understanding of the perioperative myocardial response, cardiac remodeling, and functional recovery following the MIRPE and contribute to optimizing perioperative assessment and long-term follow-up in this patient population. Full article

Dementia is a global burden for patients, families and healthcare systems. Approximately 45% of dementia cases may potentially be prevented or delayed by acting on modifiable risk factors, but current prevention initiatives might not be effective in reaching all the at-risk subjects. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess awareness of mid- and late-life modifiable risk factors among SCD/MCI patients, conducting a cross-sectional in-person custom survey of 70 participants. The survey consisted of general questions on dementia knowledge, awareness of the modifiable dementia risk factors and actions to take to improve brain health. When asked whether dementia is caused by normal ageing, 56% of participants answered ‘yes’, while 41% believed that dementia risk can be reduced during the life course. When asked about specific risk factors, only 36% and 39% believed that hearing loss and vision loss, respectively, are potential risk factors. Among cardiovascular risk factors, smoking was perceived as a potential contributor to dementia by 53% of the patients, hypertension by 53%, diabetes by 56%, hypercholesterolemia by 46%, obesity by 49%, and physical inactivity by 59%. Higher awareness was perceived for psycho-social risk factors: depression is considered a risk factor by 69% and social isolation by 73% of the population. The vast majority (96%) of the population was willing to receive more information on how to improve brain health. In conclusion, in this memory-clinic cohort, awareness of several modifiable risk factors was low; patients expressed strong interest in guidance. Findings support further evaluation of targeted dementia risk education within memory services; larger, multi-site studies using validated tools are warranted. Full article

Background/Objectives: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide and greatly contributes to myocardial infarction (MI), which is among the most severe and life-threatening forms of coronary artery disease. Despite progress in treatments, effective hypertension management depends on continuous lifestyle modifications and vigilant monitoring of acute heart symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate how confident patients are in implementing lifestyle changes and their knowledge of MI symptoms among those with hypertension in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to December 2025 involving adult hypertensive patients recruited from community and outpatient settings across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using convenience sampling and a pretested questionnaire that included the Self-Efficacy subscale from the Hypertension Self-Care Profile, along with a 12-item scale measuring knowledge of MI symptoms. The associations among variables were analyzed using nonparametric tests and multivariable linear regression, with p-values under 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 523 individuals with hypertension participated in the study. Their average lifestyle self-efficacy score was 50.33 ± 12.24, indicating moderate confidence in implementing lifestyle changes. The average score for knowledge about MI symptoms was 3.47 ± 3.84 out of 12, showing limited awareness. Being female and having comorbidities were significantly associated with higher knowledge levels (p < 0.05). Conversely, older age was significantly related to higher confidence levels (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that both the confidence and knowledge models had limited explanatory power. Conclusions: The findings show that hypertensive patients have moderate confidence in managing their condition but lack sufficient awareness of MI symptoms. This highlights the need for targeted educational programs that promote long-term lifestyle adjustments and improve recognition of urgent cardiac symptoms to reduce cardiovascular illness and death. Full article

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute complication of diabetes mellitus that requires prompt recognition and timely management to reduce morbidity and mortality. Public awareness of DKA remains suboptimal in many settings, particularly among individuals with direct exposure to diabetes. This study aimed to assess DKA awareness and identify factors associated with appropriate DKA awareness among adults with personal or familial exposure to diabetes in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adults in the Jazan region between October 2024 and May 2025. Respondents with a personal diagnosis of diabetes or a family member diagnosed with diabetes were included. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, reported diabetes-related characteristics, and DKA awareness across multiple domains, including disease recognition, risk factors, precipitating factors, complications, prevention, and emergency management. Awareness was evaluated using a predefined scoring system, with scores ≥ 6/10 (≥60% of the maximum score) classified as appropriate DKA awareness. Factors associated with appropriate awareness were examined using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 417 respondents were included in the analysis, of whom 150 (36.0%) reported a personal diagnosis of diabetes and 267 (64.0%) reported having a family member with diabetes. Overall, 138 respondents (33.1%; 95% CI, 28.7–37.7%) demonstrated appropriate DKA awareness. Awareness varied across individual domains, with particularly limited recognition of DKA precipitating factors and preventive measures. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age < 45 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.47–6.48; p = 0.003), student status (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.18–4.90; p = 0.016), monthly household income > 15,000 SAR (aOR = 4.14, 95% CI: 1.83–9.37; p = 0.001), and a personal diagnosis of diabetes (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.29–3.75; p = 0.004) were independently associated with higher odds of appropriate DKA awareness. Reporting type 1 or type 2 diabetes, compared with an unknown diabetes type, was also independently associated with appropriate awareness. Educational attainment was not independently associated with awareness after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions: Overall DKA awareness among adults with personal or familial exposure to diabetes in the Jazan region was suboptimal. Appropriate DKA awareness was independently associated with younger age, student status, higher household income, and respondent relationship to diabetes. The association with reported diabetes type should be interpreted cautiously, as it may reflect greater familiarity with diabetes rather than an effect of diabetes subtype itself. These findings support the implementation of targeted educational strategies that include both individuals living with diabetes and their family members to improve recognition of DKA and promote timely healthcare seeking during acute diabetic emergencies. However, the findings should be interpreted in light of the non-probability, social-media-based recruitment strategy, which may have disproportionately represented younger and more highly educated individuals and limits population-level generalizability. Full article

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare, life-limiting genetic disorder characterized by abnormally thick mucus secretions that obstruct the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts. Globally, CF affects an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 individuals. This study investigated nutritional awareness and dietary management among caregivers of pediatric CF patients. Specifically, it evaluated parental nutritional knowledge, caregiving behaviors, and patients’ actual nutrient intake and diet quality relative to established clinical guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 50 parents and their children with CF (aged 4–18 years) receiving specialized care at Caritas Baby Hospital in Bethlehem, Palestine. Data collection utilized a comprehensive parental questionnaire alongside a 3-day food diary completed by participants. Objective clinical status and biochemical markers were extracted directly from patients’ medical records. CF-specific recommendations were used where available, and general pediatric reference values were used otherwise. Results: A significant disparity (p ≤ 0.05) was observed between patients’ actual dietary intake and the recommended daily allowances for protein, carbohydrates, zinc, and calcium; however, intakes of sodium and iron did not differ significantly from guidelines. Higher patient adherence to dietary recommendations was significantly associated with superior lung function (measured via FEV1) and optimal serum albumin levels (p ≤ 0.05). Notably, 38% of the study sample were classified as underweight, and 76.9% of children with available 25(OH)D measurements (30/39) exhibited concentrations below 30 ng/mL. Clinical and biochemical measurements were not available for all participants. Caregiver nutritional knowledge was not significantly associated with the measured clinical or biochemical outcomes, whereas better patient dietary adherence was associated with higher FEV1% predicted and serum albumin concentrations. Conclusion: The high prevalence of underweight status and micronutrient deficiencies highlights a critical need for targeted nutritional education and clinical counseling programs. Enhancing awareness among patients and parents is essential to correct dietary deficits, optimize growth, and improve long-term health outcomes. Full article

Background: Given the increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia and multimorbidity in the older patient population, the lack of safety data on combined statin–fenofibrate therapy in this age group represents a critical gap. The post hoc subgroup analysis of the POSE study addresses this issue. Materials and Methods: The POSE study was a 3-year, real-world, observational, comparative, non-interventional study conducted in Europe. Patients with mixed dyslipidemia treated either by a fixed-dose combination of pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg or a moderate-intensity statin monotherapy were enrolled. Safety outcomes included the occurrence of renal or urinary disorders, musculoskeletal or connective tissue disorders, hepatobiliary disorders, cholelithiasis, thromboembolic events, pancreatitis, worsening diabetes mellitus, elevated blood homocysteine levels, interstitial pneumopathy, phototoxicity, and fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events. Laboratory parameters related to lipid control and renal, muscular, and hepatic functions were additionally evaluated. The post hoc analysis focused on a subgroup of patients aged 75 years and older. Results: A total of 458 patients were included in the analysis. The majority had hypertension (79.3%) and diabetes mellitus (55.0%). Over the 3-year study period, the incidence rate of composite safety events was numerically higher with the combination, though this did not reach statistical significance (RR = 2.18 [95% CI = 0.99–4.81]). Renal and urinary disorders were more frequent with the combination (5.5% vs. 0.8%), whereas musculoskeletal disorders, aggravated diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular events showed no significant difference between groups, as the 95% confidence interval included 1. Globally, there were no significant differences regarding evolution of the hepatic, muscle, and renal biological parameters. From baseline to Year 3, TG levels decreased by 44.3% with pravastatin/fenofibrate and by 10.7% with statin monotherapy, while HDL-C levels increased by 26.5% and 0.4%, respectively. Conclusions: This real-life observational post hoc subgroup analysis suggests that in patients aged 75 years and older with mixed dyslipidemia at high or very high CV risk, pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg demonstrates an acceptable long-term safety profile. The combination offers additional TG lowering and HDL-C improvement beyond moderate-intensity statin monotherapy, without a significant increase in overall safety events over three years. Full article