Search Results (7)

Background/Objectives: Noncontact knee ligament injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and medial collateral ligament (MCL) sprains, are prevalent in sports that involve frequent cutting and pivoting. Conventional rigid knee braces can offer stability but often compromise comfort and performance, whereas soft sleeve-type supports provide minimal mechanical protection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute biomechanical effects of a tensioned cable knee bracing system on peak knee valgus angle and external knee abduction moment during a controlled lateral shuffle task. Methods: Ten physically active adults (mean age 21.7 ± 3.8 years) performed submaximal lateral shuffle movements under three conditions: unbraced, sleeve-only (zero-tension), and a novel tensioned cable brace. Three-dimensional knee kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected, and peak knee valgus angle and external abduction moment were calculated during the eccentric phase of each movement. Results: Wearing the knee brace under tension significantly reduced knee valgus angle (4.5° vs. 7.9°) and peak external knee abduction moment (1.6 vs. 2.0–2.1 Nm/kg) compared to the unbraced condition. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the tensioned cable brace effectively reduced frontal plane knee loading during a lateral shuffle task, indicating its potential as an effective bracing approach. Full article

Background: Carpometacarpal thumb arthritis causes pain and functional limitations. Methods: This study evaluated the efficacy of arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with free palmar longus tendon suspension and interpositional arthroplasty, combined with a soft anchor internal brace, for the treatment of thumb basal joint arthritis. Between August 2010 and April 2020, 60 thumbs with symptomatic basal joint arthritis (Eaton stage II–III) were treated using this minimally invasive technique. Results: The cohort included 52 female and 8 male patients (mean age, 62.6 ± 4.3 years), who underwent clinical follow-up for 28.7 ± 3.0 months. VAS pain scores decreased from 5.7 ± 0.5 to 1.0 ± 0.7 and 7.1 ± 0.6 to 1.4 ± 0.9 (p < 0.001) during rest and activity, respectively. Thumb range of motion increased from 43.3 ± 11.3 to 54.2 ± 9.8 degrees, while pinch strength improved from 47.3 ± 9.5% to 88.8 ± 17.3% of the contralateral side (p < 0.001). Patients with Eaton stage II disease demonstrated better outcomes than those with stage III disease. Radiographically, minimal proximal migration of the first metacarpal (mean, 1.2 mm) was observed, with no cases of scaphotrapezial joint arthritis. Conclusions: Arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with tendon suspension/interposition and an internal brace is an effective treatment for Eaton stage II–III basal joint arthritis, offering significant pain relief, functional improvement, and joint stability, while preserving the scaphotrapezial joint. Full article

This article introduces a novel smart deployable scissor lift brace system designed to mitigate earthquake risks in buildings prone to the soft-story effect. The system addresses the limitations of traditional retrofitting methods, providing an efficient solution for enhancing the structural integrity of buildings while preserving the functionality of open lower floors, commonly used for car parking or retail spaces. The soft-story effect, characterized by a sudden reduction in lateral stiffness in one or more levels of a building, often leads to catastrophic collapses during large earthquakes, resulting in significant structural damage and loss of life. The proposed system is triggered by signals from the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system, advanced technologies capable of detecting and broadcasting earthquake alerts within seconds which are currently implemented in countries and regions such as Japan, parts of the USA, and parts of Europe. The smart deployable system functions by instantly activating upon receiving EEW signals. Unlike traditional retrofitting approaches, such as adding braces or infill walls, which compromise the open layout of lower floors, this innovative device deploys dynamically during seismic events to enhance the building’s stiffness and lateral stability. The article demonstrates the system’s functionality through a conceptual framework supported by proof-of-concept experiments. Historical earthquake time histories are simulated to test its effectiveness. The results reveal that the system significantly improves the stiffness of the structure, reducing displacement responses during events of seismic activity. If properly proportioned and optimized, this system has the potential for widespread commercialization as a seismic risk mitigation solution for buildings vulnerable to the soft-story effect. Full article

A randomized crossover trial was designed to investigate the influence of muscle activation and strength on functional stability/control of the knee joint, to determine whether bilateral imbalances still occur six months after successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to analyze whether the use of orthotic devices changes the activity onset of these muscles. Furthermore, conclusions on the feedforward and feedback mechanisms are highlighted. Therefore, twenty-eight patients will take part in a modified Back in Action (BIA) test battery at an average of six months after a primary unilateral ACLR, which used an autologous ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon graft. This includes double-leg and single-leg stability tests, double-leg and single-leg countermovement jumps, double-leg and single-leg drop jumps, a speedy jump test, and a quick feet test. During the tests, gluteus medius and semitendinosus muscle activity are analyzed using surface electromyography (sEMG). Motion analysis is conducted using Microsoft Azure DK and 3D force plates. The tests are performed while wearing knee rigid orthosis, soft brace, and with no aid, in random order. Additionally, the range of hip and knee motion and hip abductor muscle strength under isometric conditions are measured. Furthermore, patient-rated outcomes will be assessed. Full article

Scoliosis is an abnormality of the spinal curvature that severely affects the musculoskeletal, respiratory, and nervous systems. Conventionally, it is treated using rigid spinal braces. These braces are static, rigid, and passive in nature, and they (largely) limit the mobility of the spine, resulting in other spinal complexities. Moreover, these braces do not have precise control over how much force is being applied by them. Over-exertion of force may deteriorate the spinal condition. This article presents a novel active soft brace that allows mobility to the spine while applying controlled corrective forces that are regulated by varying the tensions in elastic bands using low-power light weight twisted string actuators (TSAs). This article focuses on the actuator and contact force modeling of the active soft brace (ASB). The actuator modeling is required to translate the twisting of string in terms of contraction of the string’s length, whereas the contact force modeling helps in estimating the net resultant force exerted by the band on the body using single point pressure/force sensors. The actuators (TSAs) are modeled as helix geometry and validated using a laser position sensor. The results showed that the model effectively tracked the position (contraction in length) with root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.7386 mm. The contact force is modeled using the belt and pulley contact model and validated by building a custom testbed. The actuator module is able to regulate the pressure in the range 0–6 Kpa, which is comparable to 0–8 Kpa pressure regulated in rigid braces. This makes it possible to verify and demonstrate the working principle of the proposed active soft brace. Full article

Scoliosis is a spinal disorder that is conventionally treated using rigid or soft braces. Computational methods such as finite element-based models are used to investigate the mechanics of the spine and the effect of braces. Most spinal braces are either passive, static, or rigid and do not allow mobility to the spine, resulting in muscle atrophy, skin deterioration and other spine complexities. Lack of control over the amount of force being exerted by braces on the human spine could have adverse effects. Therefore, developing an active soft brace which allows mobility to the spine while applying controlled corrective forces could be a promising solution. This study presents finite element analysis (FEA) of an active soft brace that applies corrective forces using elastic bands. The pressure exerted by the brace on the spine can be controlled by varying the tensions in the elastic bands. The elastic band tensions are controlled using low-power, lightweight, and twisted string actuators (TSAs). This study aims to demonstrate the immediate corrections induced by the soft active brace using a scoliotic spine finite element (FE) model. A FE model of the patient’s trunk was created and validated with in vitro study. The brace model was installed on the simulated trunk to evaluate in-brace correction in both sagittal and coronal planes. The brace was evaluated under various load cases by simulating the actuator action. Full article

Spinal deformity is an abnormality in the spinal curves and can seriously affect the activities of daily life. The conventional way to treat spinal deformities, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and spondylolisthesis, is to use spinal orthoses (braces). Braces have been used for centuries to apply corrective forces to the spine to treat spinal deformities or to stabilize the spine during postoperative rehabilitation. Braces have not modernized with advancements in technology, and very few braces are equipped with smart sensory design and active actuation. There is a need to enable the orthotists, ergonomics practitioners, and developers to incorporate new technologies into the passive field of bracing. This article presents a review of the conventional passive braces and highlights the advancements in spinal orthoses in terms of improved sensory designs, active actuation mechanisms, and new construction methods (CAD/CAM, three-dimensional (3D) printing). This review includes 26 spinal orthoses, comprised of passive rigid/soft braces, active dynamics braces, and torso training devices for the rehabilitation of the spine. Full article