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Keywords = TTM radical

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13 pages, 2697 KiB  
Communication
Oxidation-Active Radical TTM-DMODPA for Catalysis-Free Hydrogen Peroxide Colorimetric Sensing
by Qingmei Zhong, Xiaomei Rong, Tingting Wu and Chuan Yan
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080490 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 299
Abstract
As a crucial reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves as both a physiological regulator and a pathological indicator in human systems. Its urinary concentration has emerged as a valuable biomarker for assessing metabolic disorders and renal function. While [...] Read more.
As a crucial reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves as both a physiological regulator and a pathological indicator in human systems. Its urinary concentration has emerged as a valuable biomarker for assessing metabolic disorders and renal function. While conventional colorimetric determination methods predominantly employ enzymatic or nanozyme catalysts, we present an innovative non-catalytic approach utilizing the redox-responsive properties of organic neutral radicals. Specifically, we designed and synthesized a novel radical TTM-DMODPA based on the tris (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl (TTM) scaffold, which exhibits remarkable optical tunability and oxidative sensitivity. This system enables dual-mode H2O2 quantification: (1) UV-vis spectrophotometry (linear range: 2.5–250 μmol/L, LOD: 1.275 μmol/L) and (2) smartphone-based visual analysis (linear range: 2.5–250 μmol/L, LOD: 3.633 μmol/L), the latter being particularly suitable for point-of-care testing. Validation studies using urine samples demonstrated excellent recovery rates (96–104%), confirming the method’s reliability for real-sample applications. Our work establishes a portable, instrument-free platform for urinary H2O2 determination, with significant potential in clinical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Optical and Photonic Biosensors)
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13 pages, 2146 KiB  
Article
Radical TTM-DMODPA for Ascorbic Acid Non-Catalytic Visual Detection
by Qingmei Zhong, Huixiang Zong, Xiaohui Xie, Xiaomei Rong and Chuan Yan
Chemosensors 2025, 13(8), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080277 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 293
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) plays a multidimensional role in human physiological and pathological processes, and the detection of its urinary concentration facilitates the diagnosis of metabolic or kidney diseases. Visual detection exhibits minimal reliance on instrumentation and is suitable for on-site analysis in routine [...] Read more.
Ascorbic acid (AA) plays a multidimensional role in human physiological and pathological processes, and the detection of its urinary concentration facilitates the diagnosis of metabolic or kidney diseases. Visual detection exhibits minimal reliance on instrumentation and is suitable for on-site analysis in routine settings. Current visual colorimetric detection methods typically rely on enzymatic or nanozyme-based catalysis. Organic neutral radicals bearing unpaired electrons represent a class of materials exhibiting intrinsic responsiveness to redox stimuli. The tris (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl (TTM) radical has attracted widespread attention for its adjustable optical properties and sensitive response to external redox stimuli. We synthesized a novel radical TTM-DMODPA and applied it for non-catalytic colorimetric detection of AA. It not only enables quantitative AA measurement via UV-vis spectroscopy (linear range: 1.25–75 μmol/L, LOD: 0.288 μmol/L) but also facilitates instrument-free visual detection using smartphone cameras (linear range: 0–65 μmol/L, LOD: 1.46 μmol/L). This method demonstrated satisfactory performance in the measurement of AA in actual urine samples. Recovery rates ranged from 97.8% to 104.1%. Consequently, this work provides a portable and effective method for assessing AA levels in actual urine samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section (Bio)chemical Sensing)
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12 pages, 2296 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of AIE-Type Carbazole-Capped Triphenylmethyl Organic Radicals Featuring Non-Aufbau Electronic Structure and Enhanced Photostability
by Hazretomar Parida, Fudong Ma, Zunqi Liu, Zhaoze Ding and Obolda Ablikim
Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061344 - 17 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 697
Abstract
In this study, we report two novel donor–acceptor (D-A•)-type triphenylmethyl radicals, TTM-1TPE-2Cz and TTM-2TPE-2Cz, synthesized by integrating an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active 2-(1, 2, 2-triphenylethenyl)-9H-carbazole (TPE-2Cz) donor with tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical core. Despite the AIE unit’s conventional ACQ-suppressing capability, both radicals exhibit complete emission [...] Read more.
In this study, we report two novel donor–acceptor (D-A•)-type triphenylmethyl radicals, TTM-1TPE-2Cz and TTM-2TPE-2Cz, synthesized by integrating an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active 2-(1, 2, 2-triphenylethenyl)-9H-carbazole (TPE-2Cz) donor with tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical core. Despite the AIE unit’s conventional ACQ-suppressing capability, both radicals exhibit complete emission quenching in solid/solution states but demonstrate 655 nm red emission in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-doped films. Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the flexible TPE moiety unexpectedly enhances non-radiative decay while establishing a non-Aufbau electronic configuration through its strong electron-donating nature (−5.16 eV HOMO vs. −5.75 eV SOMO). Remarkably, these radicals achieve unprecedented photostability with half-lives (t₁/₂) 39,000- and 12,000-fold greater than pristine TTM, respectively. This work not only presents a synthetic strategy for stable radicals through non-Aufbau electronic engineering but also elucidates critical structure–property relationships between AIE units and radical photophysics. Full article
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11 pages, 3710 KiB  
Article
Luminescence Efficiency Enhanced by Simple Substitutions on Donor and Acceptor in Radicals with Donor–Acceptor Structure
by Shuang Gao, Jiahao Guan, Lintao Zhang and Xin Ai
Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061191 - 7 Mar 2025
Viewed by 909
Abstract
Simple substitutions on the donor or acceptor units in radicals is an effective method to improve luminescent properties. However, the luminescence efficiency of radicals has not yet reached satisfactory levels through simple molecular structure modification. In this study, two [4-(N-Carbazolyl)-2,6-dichlorophenyl] bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (Cz-TTM) radical [...] Read more.
Simple substitutions on the donor or acceptor units in radicals is an effective method to improve luminescent properties. However, the luminescence efficiency of radicals has not yet reached satisfactory levels through simple molecular structure modification. In this study, two [4-(N-Carbazolyl)-2,6-dichlorophenyl] bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (Cz-TTM) radical derivatives (Mes2Cz-TTM, Mes2Cz-Mes2TTM) were synthesized and characterized by modifying the carbazole (donor) and tris-2,4,6-trichlorophenylmethyl radical (acceptor) units with 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl groups. The different substitutions showed varying influences on photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) compared to the Cz-TTM parent radical. The donor-only substitution suppressed the PLQE (39%) in Mes2Cz-TTM. In contrast, Mes2Cz-Mes2TTM exhibited a significantly higher PLQE of 92.6%, compared to the 68% PLQE of the Cz-TTM parent radical in toluene. Additionally, thermostability and photostability were improved with both donor and acceptor substitutions. The photophysical properties, molecular orbitals, and electrochemical behaviors were also systematically explored. This strategy provides a feasible approach to achieve high luminescence efficiency in radicals through simple substitutions on donor and acceptor units. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic and Inorganic Luminescent Materials, 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 6277 KiB  
Review
Research Progress on Triarylmethyl Radical-Based High-Efficiency OLED
by Jie Luo, Xiao-Fan Rong, Yu-Yuan Ye, Wen-Zhen Li, Xiao-Qiang Wang and Wenjing Wang
Molecules 2022, 27(5), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051632 - 1 Mar 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6991
Abstract
Perchlorotrityl radical (PTM), tris (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (TTM), (3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl) bis (2,4,6 trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (PyBTM), (N-carbazolyl) bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (CzBTM), and their derivatives are stable organic radicals that exhibit light emissions at room temperature. Since these triarylmethyl radicals have an unpaired electron, [...] Read more.
Perchlorotrityl radical (PTM), tris (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (TTM), (3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl) bis (2,4,6 trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (PyBTM), (N-carbazolyl) bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (CzBTM), and their derivatives are stable organic radicals that exhibit light emissions at room temperature. Since these triarylmethyl radicals have an unpaired electron, their electron spins at the lowest excited state and ground state are both doublets, and the transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state does not pose the problem of a spin-forbidden reaction. When used as OLED layers, these triarylmethyl radicals exhibit unique light-emitting properties, which can increase the theoretical upper limit of the OLED’s internal quantum efficiency (IQE) to 100%. In recent years, research on the luminescent properties of triarylmethyl radicals has attracted increasing attention. In this review, recent developments in these triarylmethyl radicals and their derivatives in OLED devices are introduced. Full article
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