Search Results (7)

The study is devoted to the analysis of the physicochemical parameters of formation waters, the metagenomic composition of the microbial community and the characteristics of bacterial isolates from the oil fields of Western Kazakhstan to assess their potential in microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technologies. Analyses revealed an adaptation of local microorganisms to extreme conditions of high salinity, temperature and pressure, with the dominant presence of Proteobacteria, including the genus Marinobacter. Screening isolates for biosurfactant synthesis showed a high activity of strains M22-7, M93-8C and M142-2, capable of reducing surface tension to 28.81 ± 0.6 mN/m and forming emulsions. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of key genes (srfAA, srfp) responsible for surfactin synthesis, but the absence of lchAA and rhlAA indicates that the synthesis of other types of biosurfactants is limited. The results highlight the promise of developing microbial consortia and using biosurfactants in high-salinity environments to enhance oil recovery. Full article

Identifying ecological functional areas by clarifying the trade-off synergies of multiple ecosystem services to meet the practical needs of coordinating different ecosystem services in a specific region is highly important. Based on InVEST, RUSLE and other models, this study analyzed the tradeoff synergies of five typical ecosystem services in the Wanjiang Urban Belt from 1990 to 2020 using Pearson correlation analysis, and self-organizing map (SOM) carried out ecological functional zoning. The PLUS model was used to simulate the evolution of ecological functional zones in 2030. The results revealed that (1) from 1990 to 2020, water yield (WY), soil reservation (SR), and food production (FP) services in Wanjiang Urban Belt increased, whereas carbon storage (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) services decreased. The value of ecosystem services showed a pattern of “high in the south and low in the north”. (2) WY–SR, WY–HQ, HQ–CS, and HQ–SR were synergistic, and the synergistic relationship showed a weakening trend. There were trade-offs in WY–CS, WY–FP, and SR–FP, and the trade-off effects increased with time. (3) The study area was divided into an ecological transition area, an ecological conservation area, an urban development area, an ecological restoration area, an agroecological area, and a water conservation area, and the functions and structures of each cluster significantly differed. (4) Under the natural development scenario, the scales of the ecological transition, ecological conservation, and agroecological areas increased. Under the cropland protection scenario, the urban development and ecological conservation areas began to transform into agroecological areas. Under the urban development scenario, the transfer of areas from ecological conservation, ecological restoration, and agroecological areas to urban development areas increased. In conclusion, the ecosystem services of the Wanjiang Urban Belt are dominated by synergistic effects, but there is a potential risk of shifting to trade-off relationships. In the future, targeted regional ecosystem optimization measures according to the evolution status of each ecological functional zone are urgently needed to provide references for territorial space management and control in this region. Full article

Salt stress is one of the most important factors limiting rice growth and yield increase. Salt tolerance of rice at the bud burst (STB) stage determines whether germinated seeds can grow normally under salt stress, which is very important for direct seeding. However, reports on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for STB in rice are very limited. In this study, a natural population of 130 indica and 81 japonica rice accessions was used to identify STB-related QTLs and candidate genes using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Nine QTLs, including five for relative shoot length (RSL), two for relative root length (RRL), and two for relative root number (RRN), were identified. Five of these STB-related QTLs are located at the same site as the characterized salt tolerance genes, such as OsMDH1, OsSRFP1, and OsCDPK7. However, an important QTL related to RSL, qRSL1-2, has not been previously identified and was detected on chromosome 1. The candidate region for qRSL1-2 was identified by linkage disequilibrium analysis, 18 genes were found to have altered expression levels under salt stress through the RNA-seq database, and 10 of them were found to be highly expressed in the shoot. It was also found that, eight candidate genes (LOC_Os01g62980, LOC_Os01g63190, LOC_Os01g63230, LOC_Os01g63280, LOC_Os01g63400, LOC_Os01g63460, and LOC_Os01g63580) for qRSL1-2 carry different haplotypes between indica and japonica rice, which exactly corresponds to the significant difference in RSL values between indica and japonica rice in this study. Most of the accessions with elite haplotypes were indica rice, which had higher RSL values. These genes with indica-japonica specific haplotypes were identified as candidate genes. Rice accessions with elite haplotypes could be used as important resources for direct seeding. This study also provides new insights into the genetic mechanism of STB. Full article

Hypocalcemia is a disease that adversely affects the production and reproduction of dairy cows. A portable device for rapid bovine blood calcium sensing has been growing in demand. Herein, we report a smartphone-based ratiometric fluorescence probe (SRFP) platform as a new way to detect and quantify calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in blood serum. Specifically, we employed a cost-effective and portable smartphone-based platform coupled with customized software that evaluates the response of Ca²⁺ ions to ratiometric fluorescence probe in bovine serum. The platform consists of a three-dimensional (3D) printed housing and low-cost optical components that excite fluorescent probe and selectively transmit fluorescence emissions to smartphones. The customized software is equipped with a calibration model to quantify the acquired fluorescence images and quantify the concentration of Ca²⁺ ions. The ratio of the green channel to the red channel bears a highly reproducible relationship with Ca²⁺ ions concentration from 10 μM to 40 μM in bovine serum. Our detection system has a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 μM in bovine serum samples and the recoveries of real samples ranged from 92.8% to 110.1%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 1.72% to 4.89%. The low-cost SRFP platform has the potential to enable campesino to rapidly detect Ca²⁺ ions content in bovine serum on-demand in any environmental setting. Full article

CCG-1423 is a Rho A pathway inhibitor that has been reported to inhibit Rho/SRF-mediated transcriptional regulation. Serum response factor and its cofactors, which include ternary complex factors and myocardin-related transcription factors, regulate various cellular functions. In this study, we observed that CCG-1423 modulates the mitochondrial functions. The effect of this small molecule drug was determined by measuring mitochondrial function using an XFe96 Analyzer and an Oxygraph 2k (O2k) high-resolution respirometer. CCG-1423 treatment significantly reduced oxidative phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. However, CCG-1423 increased the glycolytic rate. We also observed that histone 4 at lysine-16 underwent hyperacetylation with the treatment of this drug. Immunolabeling with F-actin and MitoTracker revealed the alteration in the actin cytoskeleton and mitochondria. Taken together, our findings highlight a critical role of CCG-1423 in inhibiting the transcription of SRF/p49 and PGC-1α, β, resulting in the downregulation of mitochondrial genes, leading to the repression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and overall ATP reduction. This study provides a better understanding of the effects of CCG-1423 on mitochondria, which may be useful for the assessment of the potential clinical application of CCG-1423 and its derivatives. Full article

In pigs, ejaculate is expelled in fractions, mainly the sperm-rich fraction (SRF) and the post-SRF (PSRF), which differ in both sperm content and origin. In addition, intra-ejaculate variability between fractions in terms of sperm reproductive characteristics has been previously reported, the highest sperm quality being observed in the first 10 mL of the SRF (SRF-P1). As seminal plasma (SP) composition has been purported to influence sperm physiology, the aim of this study was to profile pig SP metabolite composition and to find putative differences between the ejaculate portions (SRF-P1, the rest of SRF [SRF-P2], PSRF) and entire ejaculate (EE). To this end, ejaculates (n = 8, one per boar) were collected in fractions and SP was analyzed using ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. We identified 19 metabolites present in all ejaculate portions and the EE, and reported correlations between the metabolites. Additionally, and for the first time in mammals, we found intra-ejaculate variability in the SP metabolites, observing different relative abundances in choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycine. Regarding their influence in sperm physiology, we hypothesize that these metabolites may explain the specific reproductive characteristics of each ejaculate portion. Finally, the reported SP metabolites could serve as a first steppingstone in the study of quality, functionality, and fertility biomarkers. Full article

The relationship between body weight and different cancers is now well-recognized and among such cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is reported most frequently. Our group recently published findings, through an epigenome-wide association study, suggesting that body mass index (BMI) could act as a relevant risk factor in the CRC. In addition, aberrant SFRP2 methylation is one of the major mechanisms for Wnt signaling activation in CRC. Conversely, neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy appears to alter the rectal cancer epigenome. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity, measured by BMI, on the methylation of SFRP2 in tumor samples of patients with CRC. Non-treated CRC patients and CRC patients treated with pre-operative neoadjuvant therapy from 2011 to 2013 were included and classified by BMI < 25.0 kg/m² and BMI > 25.0 kg/m². SFRP2 DNA methylation in tumor samples was measured by pyrosequencing. Our findings suggest a possible interaction between SFRP2 methylation levels and BMI in CRC tumor samples. The correlation of SFRP2 hypomethylation with an elevated BMI was stronger within the non-treated CRC patient group than within the treated CRC patient group. We have successfully demonstrated that the beneficial association of tumor SFRP2 hypomethylation is dependent on patient BMI in non-treated CRC, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role for SFRP2 in overweight and obese patients. Additional studies of clinical pathologies would be necessary to strengthen these preliminary results. Full article