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Search Results (6)

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Keywords = Richard Swinburne

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31 pages, 384 KB  
Article
The Argument from Consciousness and the Brute Fact Objection: A Reply to Stale Gundersen
by Vincent C. O. Chan
Religions 2026, 17(5), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17050592 - 14 May 2026
Viewed by 527
Abstract
This paper will defend a Bayesian form of argument from consciousness, which claims that central features of human consciousness provide rational support for theism when evaluated within a probabilistic framework. It focuses on rational deliberation, intentional agency, and libertarian free will as essential [...] Read more.
This paper will defend a Bayesian form of argument from consciousness, which claims that central features of human consciousness provide rational support for theism when evaluated within a probabilistic framework. It focuses on rational deliberation, intentional agency, and libertarian free will as essential elements of human conscious life, arguing that these phenomena pose significant explanatory challenges for a purely naturalistic view of reality. Drawing on Bayesian reasoning, particularly the approach developed by Richard Swinburne, the paper first addresses the legitimacy of treating features of human conscious life as evidence, and then maintains that such features confer confirmatory support on theism insofar as they are more probable given theism than given naturalism. The paper further addresses the brute fact objection to the argument from consciousness advanced by Stale Gundersen, which holds that consciousness may be a brute feature of reality requiring no further explanation. I examine Gundersen’s arguments for this brute fact objection, and find them wanting. I then defend a Presumption of Intelligibility, and discuss the proper criteria for deciding which facts are brute facts, and which are not. Within this framework, I further argue that the brute fact objection is rationally inferior to the argument from consciousness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Science and Religion: Natural Theology in the Contemporary Context)
29 pages, 314 KB  
Article
Islam and the Pan-Abrahamic Problem
by Joshua R. Sijuwade
Religions 2025, 16(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16010051 - 7 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6990
Abstract
This article aims to formulate a philosophical problem that is grounded upon the Pan-Abrahamic nature of early Islam, focusing on the implications that this has for understanding the identity of the contemporary Islamic community. This philosophical problem—termed the Pan-Abrahamic Problem—is structured around the [...] Read more.
This article aims to formulate a philosophical problem that is grounded upon the Pan-Abrahamic nature of early Islam, focusing on the implications that this has for understanding the identity of the contemporary Islamic community. This philosophical problem—termed the Pan-Abrahamic Problem—is structured around the examination of Prophet Muhammad’s leadership and the inclusivity of the early Islamic community, as proposed by Fred Donner in the form of the Pan-Abrahamic Thesis. The formulation of this philosophical problem is presented through the lens of the philosophical criteria of continuity and connectedness of aims (doctrine) and organisation, as proposed by Richard Swinburne. This philosophical problem will, thus, offer a challenge against traditional exclusivist narratives within Islam, ultimately aiming to emphasise the inclusive and pluralistic foundation of the religion and the significance of this for the contemporary Islamic identity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Changes and Transformations in the Islamic World)
45 pages, 3310 KB  
Article
The Necessity of an Incarnate Prophet
by Joshua R. Sijuwade
Religions 2023, 14(8), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14080961 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2601
Abstract
This article aims to provide an a priori argument—termed the Flourishment Argument, for the veracity of the Christian conception of the Abrahamic religion that centres on God’s action of sending a divine and atoning prophet into the world. This specific informal argument will [...] Read more.
This article aims to provide an a priori argument—termed the Flourishment Argument, for the veracity of the Christian conception of the Abrahamic religion that centres on God’s action of sending a divine and atoning prophet into the world. This specific informal argument will be presented through the formulation of a set of a priori reasons for why God would seek to interact with the world—developed in light of the work of Richard Swinburne, John Finnis, Linda Zagzebski and Alexander Pruss—which, in combination, will provide individuals with grounds for believing in the veracity of these important Christian teachings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Philosophy and Incarnation)
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17 pages, 253 KB  
Article
A Compensatory Response to the Problem of Evil: Revisited
by Michael Douglas Beaty
Religions 2023, 14(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010035 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3126
Abstract
In this essay, I revisit the univocity thesis, Sterba’s analogy between God and a leader of a politically liberal society, and, most fundamentally, whether the existence of horrendous evils is logically compatible with the existence of a good God. I concede that the [...] Read more.
In this essay, I revisit the univocity thesis, Sterba’s analogy between God and a leader of a politically liberal society, and, most fundamentally, whether the existence of horrendous evils is logically compatible with the existence of a good God. I concede that the typical appeals to free will and greater goods defenses to block the logical problem of evil are not sufficient because they do not adequately address the horrendous evils that are all too much a feature of human existence. While acknowledging that a compensatory response to the problem of evil is suggested by several important philosophers, I rely most centrally on the work of Marilyn McCord Adams. In so doing, I defend the thesis that the existence of a good God is logically compatible with the existence of horrendous evils, given God’s capacity to absorb, defeat, or engulf it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Do We Now Have a Logical Argument from Evil?)
9 pages, 207 KB  
Article
God, Moral Requirements, and the Limits of Freedom
by Laura W. Ekstrom
Religions 2021, 12(5), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12050285 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2807
Abstract
This article addresses James Sterba’s recent argument for the conclusion that God’s existence is incompatible with the degree and amount of evil in the world. I raise a number of questions concerning the moral principles that Sterba suggests God would be required to [...] Read more.
This article addresses James Sterba’s recent argument for the conclusion that God’s existence is incompatible with the degree and amount of evil in the world. I raise a number of questions concerning the moral principles that Sterba suggests God would be required to follow, as well as with respect to the analogy he draws between the obligations of a just state and the obligations of God. Against Sterba’s proposed justified divine policy of constraint on human freedom, I ask: What would motivate a perfect being to create human beings who imagine, intend, and freely begin to carry out horrific actions that bring harm to other human beings, to nonhuman animals, and to the environment? I argue that the rationale is lacking behind the thought that God would only interfere with the completion of the process of human beings’ bringing to fruition their horrifically harmful intended outcomes, rather than creating beings with different psychologies and abilities altogether. I end by giving some friendly proposals that help to support Sterba’s view that God, by nature, would be perfectly morally good. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is the God of Traditional Theism Logically Compatible with All the Evil in the World?)
14 pages, 189 KB  
Article
Mystical Body Theodicy
by Joshua C. Thurow
Religions 2018, 9(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9020041 - 31 Jan 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5002
Abstract
In this paper I develop a new theodicy--Mystical Body Theodicy. This theodicy draws on the Christian doctrine of the mystical body of Christ to argue that some evil can be defeated by a set of three goods connected with increasing the unity of [...] Read more.
In this paper I develop a new theodicy--Mystical Body Theodicy. This theodicy draws on the Christian doctrine of the mystical body of Christ to argue that some evil can be defeated by a set of three goods connected with increasing the unity of humanity through love. This theodicy also helps three other prominent theodicies avoid objections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theodicy)
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