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Keywords = Nepenthales

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15 pages, 1694 KB  
Review
Distribution of Acetogenic Naphthoquinones in Droseraceae and Their Chemotaxonomic Utility
by Jan Schlauer, Andreas Fleischmann, Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer, Irmgard Hartmeyer and Heiko Rischer
Biology 2024, 13(2), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13020097 - 3 Feb 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4550
Abstract
Chemotaxonomy is the link between the state of the art in analytical chemistry and the systematic classification and phylogenetic analysis of biota. Although the characteristic secondary metabolites from diverse biotic sources have been used in pharmacology and biological systematics since the dawn of [...] Read more.
Chemotaxonomy is the link between the state of the art in analytical chemistry and the systematic classification and phylogenetic analysis of biota. Although the characteristic secondary metabolites from diverse biotic sources have been used in pharmacology and biological systematics since the dawn of mankind, only comparatively recently established reproducible methods have allowed the precise identification and distinction of structurally similar compounds. Reliable, rapid screening methods like TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) can be used to investigate sufficiently large numbers of samples for chemotaxonomic purposes. Using distribution patterns of mutually exclusive naphthoquinones, it is demonstrated in this review how a simple set of chemical data from a representative sample of closely related species in the sundew family (Droseraceae, Nepenthales) provides taxonomically and phylogenetically informative signal within the investigated group and beyond. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)
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30 pages, 2203 KB  
Review
Biological Potential of Carnivorous Plants from Nepenthales
by Magdalena Wójciak, Marcin Feldo, Piotr Stolarczyk and Bartosz J. Płachno
Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3639; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083639 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 9654
Abstract
Since Charles Darwin and his book carnivorous plants have aroused interest and heated debate. In addition, there is growing interest in this group of plants as a source of secondary metabolites and in the application of their biological activity. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Since Charles Darwin and his book carnivorous plants have aroused interest and heated debate. In addition, there is growing interest in this group of plants as a source of secondary metabolites and in the application of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to trace the recent literature in search of the application of extracts obtained from families Droseraceae, Nepenthaceae, and Drosophyllaceae to show their biological potential. The data collected in the review clearly indicate that the studied Nepenthales species have great biological potential in terms of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer use. We proposed that further investigations should include: (i) bioactivity-guided investigations of crude plant extract to connect a particular type of action with a specific compound or a group of metabolites; (ii) a search for new bioactive properties of carnivorous plants; (iii) establishment of molecular mechanisms associated with specific activity. Furthermore, further research should be extended to include less explored species, i.e., Drosophyllum lusitanicum and especially Aldrovanda vesiculosa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medicinal Value of Natural Bioactive Compounds and Plant Extracts)
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57 pages, 10155 KB  
Article
Small Leaves, Big Diversity: Citizen Science and Taxonomic Revision Triples Species Number in the Carnivorous Drosera microphylla Complex (D. Section Ergaleium, Droseraceae)
by Thilo Krueger, Alastair Robinson, Greg Bourke and Andreas Fleischmann
Biology 2023, 12(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12010141 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 16458
Abstract
The carnivorous Drosera microphylla complex from southwest Western Australia comprises a group of rare, narrowly endemic species that are potentially threatened by habitat destruction and illegal collection, thus highlighting a need for accurate taxonomic classification to facilitate conservation efforts. Following extensive fieldwork over [...] Read more.
The carnivorous Drosera microphylla complex from southwest Western Australia comprises a group of rare, narrowly endemic species that are potentially threatened by habitat destruction and illegal collection, thus highlighting a need for accurate taxonomic classification to facilitate conservation efforts. Following extensive fieldwork over two decades, detailed studies of both Australian and European herbaria and consideration of both crucial contributions by citizen scientists and social media observations, nine species of the D. microphylla complex are here described and illustrated, including four new species: D. atrata, D. hortiorum, D. koikyennuruff, and D. reflexa. The identities of the previously described infraspecific taxa D. calycina var. minor and D. microphylla var. macropetala are clarified. Both are here lectotypified, reinstated, and elevated to species rank. A replacement name, D. rubricalyx, is provided for the former taxon. Key morphological characters distinguishing the species of this complex include the presence or absence of axillary leaves, lamina shape, petal colour, filament shape, and style length. A detailed identification key, comparison figures, and a distribution map are provided. Six of the nine species are recommended for inclusion on the Priority Flora List under the Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant Taxonomy and Systematics)
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17 pages, 2533 KB  
Article
Quantification of Protein Uptake by Endocytosis in Carnivorous Nepenthales
by Caroline Ivesic, Stefanie Krammer, Marianne Koller-Peroutka, Aicha Laarouchi, Daniela Gruber, Ingeborg Lang, Irene K. Lichtscheidl and Wolfram Adlassnig
Plants 2023, 12(2), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020341 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2870
Abstract
Carnivorous plants adsorb prey-derived nutrients partly by endocytosis. This study quantifies endocytosis in Drosophyllum lusitanicum, Drosera capensis, Drosera roseana, Dionaea muscipula and Nepenthes × ventrata. Traps were exposed to 1% fluorescent-labeled albumin (FITC-BSA), and uptake was quantified repeatedly for 64 h. Formation of [...] Read more.
Carnivorous plants adsorb prey-derived nutrients partly by endocytosis. This study quantifies endocytosis in Drosophyllum lusitanicum, Drosera capensis, Drosera roseana, Dionaea muscipula and Nepenthes × ventrata. Traps were exposed to 1% fluorescent-labeled albumin (FITC-BSA), and uptake was quantified repeatedly for 64 h. Formation of vesicles started after ≤1 h in adhesive traps, but only after 16 h in species with temporary stomach (D. muscipula and N. × ventrata). In general, there are similarities in the observed species, especially in the beginning stages of endocytosis. Nonetheless, further intracellular processing of endocytotic vesicles seems to be widely different between species. Endocytotic vesicle size increased significantly over time in all species except in D. capensis. Fluorescence intensity of the endocytotic vesicles increased in all species except D. muscipula. After 64 h, estimates for FITC-BSA absorption per gland ranged from 5.9 ± 6.3 ng in D. roseana to 47.8 ± 44.3 ng in N. × ventrata, demonstrating that endocytosis substantially contributes to the adsorption of prey-derived nutrients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carnivorous and Parasitic Plants)
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17 pages, 2751 KB  
Article
Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Metabolite Compositions in Leaf Blade and Traps of Carnivorous Nepenthes Plants
by Alberto Dávila-Lara, Carlos E. Rodríguez-López, Sarah E. O'Connor and Axel Mithöfer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(12), 4376; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124376 - 19 Jun 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8318
Abstract
Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants that evolved a pitfall trap, the pitcher, to catch and digest insect prey to obtain additional nutrients. Each pitcher is part of the whole leaf, together with a leaf blade. These two completely different parts of [...] Read more.
Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants that evolved a pitfall trap, the pitcher, to catch and digest insect prey to obtain additional nutrients. Each pitcher is part of the whole leaf, together with a leaf blade. These two completely different parts of the same organ were studied separately in a non-targeted metabolomics approach in Nepenthes x ventrata, a robust natural hybrid. The first aim was the analysis and profiling of small (50–1000 m/z) polar and non-polar molecules to find a characteristic metabolite pattern for the particular tissues. Second, the impact of insect feeding on the metabolome of the pitcher and leaf blade was studied. Using UPLC-ESI-qTOF and cheminformatics, about 2000 features (MS/MS events) were detected in the two tissues. They showed a huge chemical diversity, harboring classes of chemical substances that significantly discriminate these tissues. Among the common constituents of N. x ventrata are phenolics, flavonoids and naphthoquinones, namely plumbagin, a characteristic compound for carnivorous Nepenthales, and many yet-unknown compounds. Upon insect feeding, only in pitchers in the polar compounds fraction, small but significant differences could be detected. By further integrating information with cheminformatics approaches, we provide and discuss evidence that the metabolite composition of the tissues can point to their function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Leaf Morphogenesis)
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