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Search Results (6)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = HT-PEFC

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11 pages, 3015 KiB  
Article
The Potential Effect on the Performance of CrN/Cr-Coated SS316L Bipolar Plates and Their Durability in Simulated Cathodic HT-PEFC Environments
by Ruiyu Li, Yun Cai, Yilin Liu, Ziqi Xie, Klaus Wippermann and Werner Lehnert
Energies 2023, 16(22), 7528; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227528 - 11 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
This study further investigates the effect of potential on the corrosion resistance, the self-healing performance and the durability of CrN/Cr-coated SS316L bipolar plates with artificial defects (CR-316) in simulated cathodic HT-PEFC environments by means of electrochemical methods. The self-healing ability initiated by oxygen [...] Read more.
This study further investigates the effect of potential on the corrosion resistance, the self-healing performance and the durability of CrN/Cr-coated SS316L bipolar plates with artificial defects (CR-316) in simulated cathodic HT-PEFC environments by means of electrochemical methods. The self-healing ability initiated by oxygen is relatively weak and needs the assistance of the cathode working potential for sealing. In some cases, the defects have spread over large parts of the bipolar plate. The influence of the potential on the corrosion resistance of the bare 316L and CR-316 specimens in the simulated cathodic HT-PEFC environments were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, the durability of the CR-316 specimens was examined under the various potential cycles in the simulated cathodic environment of HT-PEFC and O2 atmosphere. After 5000 CV cycles in the potential range of 0.4–1.0 V vs. RHE, the CR-316 specimens could maintain the integrity and good corrosion resistance against the hot phosphoric acid. The results demonstrate the superior performance of CR-316 and make it a prime candidate as a non-precious coating for metallic bipolar plates on the cathode side of HT-PEFCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A5: Hydrogen Energy)
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16 pages, 3769 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Modeling and Exergy Analysis of A Combined High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and ORC System for Automotive Applications
by Yanju Li, Mingfei Yang, Zheshu Ma, Meng Zheng, Hanlin Song and Xinjia Guo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15813; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415813 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2665
Abstract
A combined system consisting of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is provided for automotive applications in this paper. The combined system uses HT-PEMFC stack cathode exhaust gas to preheat the inlet gas and the [...] Read more.
A combined system consisting of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is provided for automotive applications in this paper. The combined system uses HT-PEMFC stack cathode exhaust gas to preheat the inlet gas and the ORC to recover the waste heat from the stack. The model of the combined system was developed and the feasibility of the model was verified. In addition, the evaluation index of the proposed system was derived through an energy and exergy analysis. The numerical simulation results show that the HT-PEMFC stack, cathode heat exchanger, and evaporator contributed the most to the total exergy loss of the system. These components should be optimized as a focus of future research to improve system performance. The lower current density increased the ecological function and the system efficiency, but reduced the system’s net out-power. A higher inlet temperature and higher hydrogen pressures of the stack and the lower oxygen pressure helped improve the system performance. Compared to the HT-PEFC system without an ORC subsystem, the output power of the combined system was increased by 12.95%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ion Exchange Membrane Polymer Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Applications)
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28 pages, 5263 KiB  
Article
A Compact, Self-Sustaining Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit Operated on Diesel Fuel
by Remzi Can Samsun, Matthias Prawitz, Andreas Tschauder, Stefan Weiske, Joachim Pasel and Ralf Peters
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5909; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185909 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4215
Abstract
A complete fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit in the 7.5 kWe power class utilizing diesel fuel was developed in accordance with the power density and start-up targets defined by the U.S. Department of Energy. The system includes a highly-integrated fuel processor with [...] Read more.
A complete fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit in the 7.5 kWe power class utilizing diesel fuel was developed in accordance with the power density and start-up targets defined by the U.S. Department of Energy. The system includes a highly-integrated fuel processor with multifunctional reactors to facilitate autothermal reforming, the water-gas shift reaction, and catalytic combustion. It was designed with the help of process analyses, on the basis of which two commercial, high-temperature PEFC stacks and balance of plant components were selected. The complete system was packaged, which resulted in a volume of 187.5 l. After achieving a stable and reproducible stack performance based on a modified break-in procedure, a maximum power of 3.3 kWe was demonstrated in a single stack. Despite the strong deviation from design points resulting from a malfunctioning stack, all system functions could be validated. By scaling-up the performance of the functioning stack to the level of two stacks, a power density of 35 We l−1 could be estimated, which is close to the 40 We l−1 target. Furthermore, the start-up time could be reduced to less than 22 min, which exceeds the 30 min target. These results may bring diesel-based fuel cell auxiliary power units a step closer to use in real applications, which is supported by the demonstrated indicators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Modeling, and Optimization of Novel Fuel Cell Systems)
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9 pages, 1578 KiB  
Article
Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering
by Olaf Holderer, Marcelo Carmo, Meital Shviro, Werner Lehnert, Yohei Noda, Satoshi Koizumi, Marie-Sousai Appavou, Marina Appel and Henrich Frielinghaus
Materials 2020, 13(6), 1474; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061474 - 24 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3323
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion and storage is key for the use of regenerative energies at large scale. A thorough understanding of the individual components, such as the ion conducting membrane and the electrode layers, can be obtained with scattering techniques on atomic to molecular [...] Read more.
Electrochemical energy conversion and storage is key for the use of regenerative energies at large scale. A thorough understanding of the individual components, such as the ion conducting membrane and the electrode layers, can be obtained with scattering techniques on atomic to molecular length scales. The largely heterogeneous electrode layers of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells are studied in this work with small- and wide-angle neutron scattering at the same time with the iMATERIA diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at J-PARC, opening a view on structural properties on atomic to mesoscopic length scales. Recent results on the proton mobility from the same samples measured with backscattering spectroscopy are put into relation with the structural findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soft and Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion)
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16 pages, 867 KiB  
Article
Stochastic Analysis of the Gas Flow at the Gas Diffusion Layer/Channel Interface of a High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
by Dieter Froning, Junliang Yu, Uwe Reimer and Werner Lehnert
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(12), 2536; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122536 - 7 Dec 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3120
Abstract
Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) play a significant role in the efficient operation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. They connect the electrodes to the gas channels of the bipolar plate by porous material with a meso-scale geometric structure. The electrodes must be sufficiently [...] Read more.
Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) play a significant role in the efficient operation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. They connect the electrodes to the gas channels of the bipolar plate by porous material with a meso-scale geometric structure. The electrodes must be sufficiently supplied by gases from the channels to operate fuel cells efficiently. Furthermore, reaction products must be transported in the other direction. The gas transport is simulated in the through-plane direction of the GDL, and its microstructure created by a stochastic model is equivalent to the structure of real GDL material. Continuum approaches in cell-scale simulations have model parameters for porous regions that can be taken from effective properties calculated from the meso-scale simulation results, as one feature of multi-scale simulations. Another significant issue in multi-scale simulations is the interface between two regions. The focus is on the gas flow at the interface between GDL and the gas channel, which is analyzed using statistical methods. Quantitative relationships between functionality and microstructure can be detected. With this approach, virtual GDL materials can possibly be designed with improved transport properties. The evaluation of the surface flow with stochastic methods offers substantiated benefits that are suitable for connecting the meso-scale to larger spatial scales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells)
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14 pages, 5545 KiB  
Article
In Operando Neutron Radiography Analysis of a High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Based on a Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole Membrane Using the Hydrogen-Deuterium Contrast Method
by Yu Lin, Tobias Arlt, Nikolay Kardjilov, Ingo Manke and Werner Lehnert
Energies 2018, 11(9), 2214; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092214 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4470
Abstract
In order to characterize high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) in operando, neutron radiography imaging, in combination with the deuterium contrast method, was used to analyze the hydrogen distribution and proton exchange processes in operando. These measurements were then combined with the [...] Read more.
In order to characterize high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) in operando, neutron radiography imaging, in combination with the deuterium contrast method, was used to analyze the hydrogen distribution and proton exchange processes in operando. These measurements were then combined with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The cell was operated under different current densities and stoichiometries. Neutron images of the active area of the cell were captured in order to study the changeover times when the fuel supply was switched between hydrogen and deuterium, as well as to analyze the cell during steady state conditions. This work demonstrates that the changeover from proton to deuteron (and vice versa) leads to local varying media distributions in the electrolyte, independent of the overall exchange dynamics. A faster proton-to-deuteron exchange was re-discovered when switching the gas supply from H2 to D2 than that from D2 to H2. Furthermore, the D2 uptake and discharge were faster at a higher current density. Specifically, the changeover from H to D takes 5–6 min at 200 mA cm−2, 2–3 min at 400 mA cm−2 and 1–2 min at 600 mA cm−2. An effect on the transmittance changes is apparent when the stoichiometry changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Collection)
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