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Keywords = FRADO model

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11 pages, 465 KB  
Article
Covering Factor of the Dust-Driven Broad-Line Region Clouds
by Mohammad-Hassan Naddaf and Bożena Czerny
Universe 2024, 10(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10010029 - 10 Jan 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
The origin of the broad-line region (BLR) clouds in active galactic nuclei is still under discussion. We develop a scenario in which the clouds in the outer, less ionized part of the BLR are launched by the radiation pressure acting on dust. Most [...] Read more.
The origin of the broad-line region (BLR) clouds in active galactic nuclei is still under discussion. We develop a scenario in which the clouds in the outer, less ionized part of the BLR are launched by the radiation pressure acting on dust. Most of the outflow forms a failed wind, so we refer to it as failed radiatively accelerated dusty outflow (FRADO), but, for a certain parameter range, actual outflow also takes place. We aim to test the model predictions. In this paper, we present the calculation of the angular distribution of clouds and the net covering factor as this affects the fraction of radiation that can be intercepted and reprocessed in the form of the Hβ or Mg II emission line. The results reveal that the covering factor is intricately linked to the mass, accretion rate, and metallicity of the clouds. Notably, as these parameters increase, so does the covering factor, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between the central engine and the surrounding material in AGNs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Active Galactic Nuclei)
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11 pages, 426 KB  
Article
The Wind Dynamics of Super-Eddington Sources in FRADO
by Mohammad-Hassan Naddaf, Bożena Czerny and Michal Zajaček
Dynamics 2022, 2(3), 295-305; https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics2030015 - 21 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2853
Abstract
We perform non-hydrodynamical 2.5D simulations to study the dynamics of material above accretion disk based on the disk radiation pressure acting on dust. We assume a super-accreting underlying disk with the accretion rate of 10 times the Eddington rate with central black hole [...] Read more.
We perform non-hydrodynamical 2.5D simulations to study the dynamics of material above accretion disk based on the disk radiation pressure acting on dust. We assume a super-accreting underlying disk with the accretion rate of 10 times the Eddington rate with central black hole mass ranging from 107 up to 109M. Such high accretion rates are characteristic for extreme sources. We show that for high accretors the radiatively dust-driving mechanism based on the FRADO model always leads to a massive outflow from the disk surface, and the failed wind develops only at larger radii. The outflow rate strongly depends on the black hole mass, and an optically thick energy-driven solution can exceed the accretion rate for masses larger than 108M but momentum-driven outflow does not exceed the accretion rate even for super-Eddington accretion, therefore not violating the adopted stationarity of the disk. However, even in this case the outflow from the disk implies a strong mechanical feedback. Full article
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