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16 pages, 2080 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Response to Deficit Irrigation of ‘Orogrande’ Mandarin Grafted onto Different Citrus Rootstocks in Spain

by Amparo Primo-Capella, María Dolores Molina-Nadal, Laura Catalá-Senent, Agustí de Miguel-Moreno, María Ángeles Forner-Giner and Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca

Horticulturae 2024, 10(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010037 - 29 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1607

Abstract

Drought is increasingly becoming an abiotic stress factor that affects citrus yield in the Mediterranean Basin, and rootstocks may impact the plants’ responses to it. This study compares the influences of Forner-Alcaide 5 (FA-5), an emerging well-established rootstock in Spain, and Carrizo citrange (CC), the common commercial rootstock of the Orogrande mandarin variety, on plants’ responses to water reduction. The deficit irrigation (DI) condition was established by 50% irrigation and evapotranspiration (ETc). The canopy volume, yield, fruit size and fruit internal quality were evaluated. The yield reduction in the CC DI was mainly due to a smaller fruit size, but in FA-5, it was due to fewer fruits without an affected caliber. Regarding Ct, the fruits from the CC DI had lower juice contents and higher rind percentages, while the differences between the Ct and DI trees were smaller in the FA-5 rootstock. The most remarkable effect was the increase in total soluble sugars (TSS) for the DI treatment. To conclude, the FA-5 rootstock had the strongest influence on Orogrande mandarin under water stress. These results can be useful for addressing water stress problems in citrus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Update of the Crop Management Practices Enhancing Yield and Quality in Citrus)

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13 pages, 311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Breastfeeding-Related Practices in Rural Ethiopia: Colostrum Avoidance

by M. Ascensión Olcina Simón, Rosita Rotella, Jose M. Soriano, Agustin Llopis-Gonzalez, Isabel Peraita-Costa and María Morales-Suarez-Varela

Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2177; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092177 - 3 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2730

Abstract

The practices of colostrum avoidance and prelacteal feeding, which are common in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, are firmly rooted in ancient traditions. The main objective of this work is to identify the prevalence of colostrum avoidance and study its associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years old in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study on the practice of colostrum avoidance/prelacteal feeding was conducted in a rural community with 114 mothers of children under 2 years old. Our results reflected that colostrum avoidance and prelacteal feeding were practiced by 56.1% of mothers. The percentage of women who started breastfeeding in the first hour after birth, as recommended by the WHO, was 2.6%. Of the women who practiced colostrum avoidance, 67.2% gave birth at home, and 65.6% were attended by relatives. The likelihood of avoiding colostrum increases in mothers who have a lower educational level, who did not receive health care at the time of delivery, who think that colostrum is dirty and dangerous and who did not receive information about breastfeeding from healthcare professionals. The knowledge emanating from this work may be useful in designing new breastfeeding education programs and/or interventions in Ethiopia and other developing countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breastfeeding: Benefits to Infant and Mother)

12 pages, 1043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Malnutrition among Children Presenting in a Nutrition Center in Gimbichu, Ethiopia

by M. Ascensión Olcina Simón, Jose M. Soriano and María Morales-Suarez-Varela

Children 2023, 10(4), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040627 - 27 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3143

Abstract

Nowadays, Ethiopia has several problems affecting children below 5 years of age, resulting in low life expectancies. Our group carried out a study to calculate the presence of malnutrition as wasting, stunting underweight, and BMI-for-age in children presenting in a nutrition center in a rural Ethiopian village in the Oromia region according to WHO guidelines. Our results demonstrated that they had moderate chronic malnutrition or stunting from 1 to 2 years of age, affecting their life, their parents, their community/household, and their country. In our viewpoint, the solution for this situation will require a global focus on several levels, including individual, family, community, and country, the last being with the help of new health policies focused on short-, medium-, and long-term strategies with multi- and interdisciplinary approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition)

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17 pages, 5534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Studies of the Coastal Defenses of Cullera’s Cape Built during the Spanish Civil War: From Historical Study to Formal Analysis

by Teresa Gil-Piqueras, Pablo Rodríguez-Navarro, Elena Cabrera Revuelta and Enrique Gandía Álvarez

Heritage 2022, 5(4), 3032-3048; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040157 - 9 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2450

Abstract

The Spanish Civil War is a chapter of a historical memory that has been avoided for years, rejecting any lived event. In recent years, this trend is changing, and public administrations are beginning to promote its recovery, starting by declaring this heritage as an Asset of Local Relevance. The aim of the current research is to study, analyze, and document the military constructions erected by the Government of the Republic during 1936–1939, at the Cullera’s Cape (Valencia). The research begins with the historical context definition, to subsequently approach the study of the material remains, analyzed after an exhaustive and rigorous graphic documentation work. The methodology followed had to be adapted to the needs of the constructions and their surroundings, which led to the use of a combination of 3D survey techniques based on terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry methods. Accordingly, we were able to digitize, geometrize, and document both the buried and the exposed construction remains, in a correct and precise manner. This is a unique and unprecedented investigation despite its significance and historical relevance. The present work can serve as a basis for the musealization of the site, contributing to its recovery and enhancement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Heritage of Twentieth Century Conflicts)

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15 pages, 2283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance of Two Very Early-Season Clementines, ‘Clemenrubi’ and ‘Orogros’ Mandarins on Three Rootstocks in Spain: Yield and Quality Study

by Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca, María Dolores Molina and María Ángeles Forner-Giner

Agronomy 2022, 12(5), 1072; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051072 - 29 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2697

Abstract

The yield and fruit quality performances of Clemenrubi and Orogros mandarins were evaluated in the Mediterranean climate of Valencia, Spain, from 2009 to 2016. The cumulative yields and tree growth of both varieties’ mandarins over this 8-year production period were lower in Clemenrubi. Fruit size was affected by the rootstock being the control rootstock (CC), which induced the smallest fruit, although yield efficiency and alternate bearing behaviour were not affected. Although C-35 was highlighted for delaying fruit maturity (lower RI and CI indices), no significant differences in TSS were obtained compared to the other rootstocks. CC also presented strong granulation disorder and C-35 the highest tree mortality. In conclusion, all the rootstocks for Clemenrubi and Orogros mandarins gave good fruit quality for fresh fruit markets in the eastern Mediterranean region. Nevertheless, long-term studies are needed to determine the exact effects of multibud galls on tree survival and the granulation problem on the CC fruit. Full article

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14 pages, 8624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consequences of Anthropic Actions in Cullera Bay (Spain)

by José Ignacio Pagán, Isabel López, Luis Bañón and Luis Aragonés

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(4), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040240 - 1 Apr 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3225

Abstract

Urbanization and anthropogenic activities have generated significant imbalances in coastal areas. This study analysed the shoreline evolution of the Bay of Cullera (Spain), characterized by strong urban and tourist pressure and with important human interventions during the last century. The evolution of the shoreline was analysed using 60 years of aerial images since the 1950s of the seabed, the maritime climate and the distribution of sediment, as well as anthropogenic actions, such as urban development or the channelling of the Júcar River through the integration of information in a geographical information system (GIS). The results showed: (i) Changes in land-use, in which the substitution of the crop and mountain areas by urban areas was mainly observed. (ii) A general increase in the beach area, although there were important periods of erosion in some points due to anthropic actions. (iii) A significant decrease in the median sediment size in the whole bay since 1987, with a current D₅₀ of 0.125–0.180 mm. The analysis carried out has made it possible to identify trends in coastal accumulation and regression in the different sections of the sector, as well as to demonstrate the usefulness and advantages of GIS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the Spanish Days of Ports and Coasts)

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