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Keywords = Chester step test

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10 pages, 570 KiB  
Article
Test–Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change in Chester Step Test and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test in Long COVID Patients
by Ana Isabel Sevillano-Castaño, Renata Peroy-Badal, Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Ana María Cañuelo-Márquez, Manuel Rozalén-Bustín, Ángel Modrego-Navarro, Luis De Sousa-De Sousa, Juan José Ramos-Álvarez, José Luis Maté-Muñoz and Pablo García-Fernández
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8464; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148464 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2529
Abstract
The COVID-19 is a multiorgan disease that appeared in December 2019 in the Chinese province of Wuhan. It produces various clinical manifestations, although it mainly affects the respiratory system. Given these potentially detrimental long-term consequences of COVID-19, an appropriate assessment must be carried [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 is a multiorgan disease that appeared in December 2019 in the Chinese province of Wuhan. It produces various clinical manifestations, although it mainly affects the respiratory system. Given these potentially detrimental long-term consequences of COVID-19, an appropriate assessment must be carried out to plan early rehabilitation interventions. To assess the persistent symptoms it produces, as well as exercise tolerance for a given exertion, stress testing is a feasible and cost-effective option. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide test-retest reliability for the Chester Step Test and 1 minute Sit to Stand tests and to establish the minimum detectable change in Long-COVID patients. Method: This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted following the STROBE guidelines. A total of 42 patients carried out, twice per partici-pant, the Chester Step and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand (1min-STST) tests on two different days, with a five-day time lag between the initial measurement and the second measurement. Results: The Test-retest reliability for the Chester Step was excellent within session ICC (95% CI) 0.96 (0.93 to 0.98), being even better for the 1-STST, ICC (95% CI) 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99). Establishing a change of at least 16.96 steps (MDC90) or 20.15 steps (MDC95) and 1.89 stands (MDC90) or 2.71 stands (MDC95), respectively. Conclusions: The Chester Step and 1min-STST tests are reproducible and reliable tools to measure exercise tolerance in long COVID patients. The minimum detectable changes observed in the values recorded by the participants can be very useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions applied to these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of COVID-19 on Public Health)
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17 pages, 2216 KiB  
Article
Mediterranean Diet Improves Plasma Biomarkers Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Process in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
by Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés, Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida, Cristina Bouzas, Isabel Llompart, David Mateos, Miguel Casares, Lucía Ugarriza, J. Alfredo Martínez, Josep A. Tur and Antoni Sureda
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040833 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3619
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shows liver fat depots without alcohol consumption. NAFLD does not have specific drug therapies, with a healthy lifestyle and weight loss being the main approaches to prevent and treat NAFLD. The aim was to assess the antioxidant and [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shows liver fat depots without alcohol consumption. NAFLD does not have specific drug therapies, with a healthy lifestyle and weight loss being the main approaches to prevent and treat NAFLD. The aim was to assess the antioxidant and pro-inflammatory state in patients with NAFLD after 12-month-lifestyle intervention depending on the change in adherence to a Mediterranean diet (AMD). Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in 67 adults (aged 40–60 years old) diagnosed with NAFLD. Anthropometric parameters and dietary intake were measured by a validated semi-quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The nutritional intervention improved anthropometric and biochemical parameters after a 12-month follow-up. However, decreases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and C reactive protein (CRP) were higher in participants with high AMD, which also showed higher improvement in physical fitness (Chester step test) and intrahepatic fat contents. The intervention reduced plasma levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, zonulin, and omentin, and increased resolvin D1 (RvD1), whereas the decrease in leptin, ectodysplasin-A (EDA), cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), interleukin-1ra (IL-1ra) and endotoxin was only significant in participants with higher AMD. The current study showed that a one-year nutritional intervention improved main NAFLD features such as body mass index, IFC, liver enzymes, and prooxidant and proinflammatory status. There was also a decrease in the concentration of plasmatic endotoxin, suggesting an improvement in intestinal permeability. These health benefits were more evident in participants that improved AMD to a greater extent. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with registry number NCT04442620. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Alcoholic Liver Disease)
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13 pages, 471 KiB  
Article
Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Injuries in Pre-Professional Modern Dancers before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Lital Kishon and Hilla Sarig Bahat
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3018; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053018 - 26 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2787
Abstract
The prevalence of dance-related injuries is high, yet risk factors remain unclear in modern dance. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the continuity and nature of dance programs. The objectives were to investigate factors associated with musculoskeletal injuries in pre-professional modern dancers before and [...] Read more.
The prevalence of dance-related injuries is high, yet risk factors remain unclear in modern dance. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the continuity and nature of dance programs. The objectives were to investigate factors associated with musculoskeletal injuries in pre-professional modern dancers before and after the pandemic and to qualitatively describe the dancers’ experiences during COVID-19. We examined 31 modern dancers (19.42 ± 1.57 years) pre-COVID-19 and re-examined 21 participants after one-year post-COVID-19, using objective physical tests for upper and lower body strength, aerobic fitness, hip ranges, injury history, and training hours’ data. The injury rate remained mostly unaffected (0.87 ± 0.88 pre-, 0.76 ± 0.83 post-COVID-19), but weekly dance hours were reduced (33 pre-, 21.40 post-COVID-19). Dancers significantly improved their push-up score (p = 0.016) and decreased their compensated turnout (p = 0.022). Notably, non-injured dancers scored higher in the pre-COVID-19 Chester Step Test (p = 0.033) and practiced more strength training independently post-COVID-19 (p = 0.024). No significant differences were found between injured and non-injured dancers in the other parameters. Dancers reported negative thoughts and difficulty maintaining their fitness during the pandemic. In conclusion, strength training and aerobic fitness were identified as potentially important factors related to injury risk in modern dance and should be examined further for their injury prevention value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports and Exercise Rehabilitation)
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13 pages, 1067 KiB  
Review
Assessment of Exercise Capacity in Post-COVID-19 Patients: How Is the Appropriate Test Chosen?
by Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés, Santiago Larrateguy, Xavier Alsina-Restoy, Joan Albert Barberà, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Agustin Roberto García, Oriol Sibila and Isabel Blanco
Life 2023, 13(3), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030621 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6182
Abstract
There is a wide range of sequelae affecting COVID-19 survivors, including impaired physical capacity. These sequelae can affect the quality of life and return to work of the active population. Therefore, one of the pillars of following-up is the evaluation of physical capacity, [...] Read more.
There is a wide range of sequelae affecting COVID-19 survivors, including impaired physical capacity. These sequelae can affect the quality of life and return to work of the active population. Therefore, one of the pillars of following-up is the evaluation of physical capacity, which can be assessed with field tests (such as the six-minute walk test, the one-minute standing test, the Chester step test, and the shuttle walking test) or laboratory tests (such as the cardiopulmonary exercise test). These tests can be performed in different contexts and have amply demonstrated their usefulness in the assessment of physical capacity both in post-COVID-19 patients and in other chronic respiratory, metabolic, cardiologic, or neurologic diseases. However, when traditional tests cannot be performed, physical function can be a good substitute, especially for assessing the effects of an intervention. For example, the Short Physical Performance Battery assessment and the Timed Up and Go assessment are widely accepted in older adults. Thus, the test should be chosen according to the characteristics of each subject. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection COVID-19 and Life)
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6 pages, 256 KiB  
Brief Report
The Chester Step Test Is a Reproducible Tool to Assess Exercise Capacity and Exertional Desaturation in Post-COVID-19 Patients
by Renata Peroy-Badal, Ana Sevillano-Castaño, Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés, Pablo García-Fernández, Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Jordi Vilaró, Isabel Blanco and Elena Gimeno-Santos
Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010051 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2989
Abstract
Many people recovering from an acute episode of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) experience prolonged symptoms. Exercise testing is a feasible and cost-effective option for assessing exercise tolerance, fatigue, and dyspnea related to effort. Being that the Chester step test (CST) is a progressive, submaximal [...] Read more.
Many people recovering from an acute episode of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) experience prolonged symptoms. Exercise testing is a feasible and cost-effective option for assessing exercise tolerance, fatigue, and dyspnea related to effort. Being that the Chester step test (CST) is a progressive, submaximal test for predicting aerobic capacity, it could be a good option to explore. This study aimed to determine the reproducibility of CST for assessing exertional desaturation and exercise capacity in patients post-COVID-19 disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted on post-COVID-19 patients. Two attempts of the CST were performed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess agreement between the two tests. Forty-two symptomatic post-COVID-19 patients were included, the mean age was 53.8 ± 10.3 years, and 52% were female. There was no significant difference between both tests (p = 0.896). Twenty-four percent of participants (10 cases) had a clinically significant decrease in SpO2 at the first assessment, compared to 30.1% (13 cases) at the second, with no significant difference. An ICC of 0.993 (95% CI: 0.987 to 0.996) was obtained for the total number of steps in the CST. Full article
12 pages, 309 KiB  
Article
Association between Stages of Hepatic Steatosis and Physical Activity Performance in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in FLIPAN Study
by Catalina M. Mascaró, Cristina Bouzas, Sofía Montemayor, Miguel Casares, Cristina Gómez, Lucía Ugarriza, Pere-Antoni Borràs, J. Alfredo Martínez and Josep A. Tur
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091790 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2862
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. The best treatment now is a healthy lifestyle with a Mediterranean diet and physical activity (PA). Objective: To assess the association between stages of hepatic steatosis and physical activity performance in [...] Read more.
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. The best treatment now is a healthy lifestyle with a Mediterranean diet and physical activity (PA). Objective: To assess the association between stages of hepatic steatosis and physical activity performance in adults with metabolic syndrome. Design: Cross-sectional study in 155 participants (40–60 years old) with MetS, a diagnosis of NAFLD by magnetic resonance imaging and BMI (body mass index) between 27 and 40 kg/m2. Methods: Stages of hepatic steatosis were assessed and defined according to the percentage of intrahepatic fat contents: stage 0 ≤ 6.4% (control group); stage 1 = 6.4–17.4%; stage 2 ≥ 17.4%. Fitness was assessed through ALPHA-FIT test battery for adults, aerobic capacity by Chester-step test and PA by accelerometry and Minnesota questionnaire. Results: Participants without NAFLD reported more years of education and major socioeconomic status than participants with NAFLD. A higher percentage of people in the most advanced stage of NAFLD were no smokers and no alcohol consumers. They also had higher stages of steatosis, lower sitting handgrip, standing handgrip, Chester step test values, sleep efficiency, and energy expenditure, and higher intensity of light and moderate physical activity, and self-reported physical activity. Conclusions: NAFLD patients showed lower fitness status, aerobic capacity, sleep efficiency and energy expenditure than non-NAFLD participants. Full article
2 pages, 204 KiB  
Abstract
A Greater Reduction in Intrahepatic Fat Content after a Lifestyle Intervention Is Related to a Better Inflammatory and Oxidative Status
by Margalida Monserrat Mesquida, Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés, Sofía Montemayor, Catalina Maria Mascaró, Silvia Tejada, Antoni Pons, Josep A. Tur and Antoni Sureda
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 12(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECN2022-12374 - 14 Mar 2022
Viewed by 985
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver parenchyma. To date, there is no effective pharmacological treatment against NAFLD; however, lifestyle modifications, including physical activity and the adoption of healthy eating habits, are [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver parenchyma. To date, there is no effective pharmacological treatment against NAFLD; however, lifestyle modifications, including physical activity and the adoption of healthy eating habits, are therapeutic approaches against this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the improvement of the intrahepatic fat content (IFC) in patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation after 6 months of lifestyle intervention, which included a hypocaloric diet and the promotion of physical activity. Patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 60 adults; 40–60 years old) living in the Balearic Islands, Spain were classified in tertiles according to the improvement of IFC measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Pro/antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were determined in plasma before and after the lifestyle intervention. The greatest improvement in IFC was directly related to a better cardiorespiratory fitness, determined with the Chester step test. Significant greater reductions in weight, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides were observed in the group with the greatest improvement in IFC compared to the one that improved the least after the intervention. No significant differences were detected in glucose, cholesterol and in aspartate aminotransferase. Similarly, the reduction in catalase plasma activity, irisin and cytokeratin 18 levels were significantly higher in the group with the highest degree of IFC reduction, whereas no differences were observed in superoxide dismutase activity and in malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. A progressive decrease in reactive oxygen species production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with lipopolysaccharide was observed after the lifestyle intervention. The present data show that a greater reduction in IFC is related to an improvement in pro/antioxidant and pro-inflammatory status and better cardiorespiratory fitness in NAFLD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Nutrients)
10 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
Adapted Chester Step Test Can Have Maximal Response Characteristics for the Assessment of Exercise Capacity in Young Women
by Rui Vilarinho, Ana Rita Mendes, Mariana Gomes, Rui Ferreira, Fabíola Costa, Marcela Machado, Márcia Neves, Cátia Caneiras and António Mesquita Montes
Healthcare 2021, 9(3), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030308 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2849
Abstract
Chester step test (CST) estimates the exercise capacity through a submaximal response, which can limit its application in the prescription of exercise. This study aimed to assess whether an adaptation of the CST (with a progressive profile) can have maximal response characteristics in [...] Read more.
Chester step test (CST) estimates the exercise capacity through a submaximal response, which can limit its application in the prescription of exercise. This study aimed to assess whether an adaptation of the CST (with a progressive profile) can have maximal response characteristics in young women and compare it to the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). Another aim was to determine its within-day test–retest reliability. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 25 women (20.3 ± 1.5 years) who performed the field tests twice on two different days (48 h apart). The maximal effort attainment was assessed by the heart rate (HR), perception of exertion (Borg scale), and blood lactate concentration. For the performance variables, Pearson’s correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) were used. In the best test, mean values of maximal response were observed in the adapted CST (94.0 ± 6.5% of age-predicted HRmax, 11.3 ± 4.5 mmol/dl of blood lactate, and 18.4 ± 1.5 of Borg rating). The correlations between the adapted CST and the ISWT were weak to moderate (0.38 ≤ r ≤ 0.55; p < 0.05). Fair to good reliability was found for the adapted CST (ICC2,1 = 0.48–0.61). The adapted CST showed mean values of maximal response, weak to moderate association with the ISWT, and low within-day test–retest reliability in young women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Assessments)
10 pages, 614 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of a Culture-Specific Dancing Programme to Meet Current Physical Activity Recommendations in Postmenopausal Women
by Jennifer Hargan, Emilie Combet, Paul Dougal, Mhairi McGowan, Mary Ann Lumsden and Dalia Malkova
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5709; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165709 - 7 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3371
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of participation in culture-specific dancing to meet current physical activity recommendations and increase cardio-respiratory fitness in postmenopausal women. Sedentary postmenopausal women (n = 24), aged 63 ± 8 years and with BMI of 28 ± 3 kg/m2 [...] Read more.
This study investigated the efficacy of participation in culture-specific dancing to meet current physical activity recommendations and increase cardio-respiratory fitness in postmenopausal women. Sedentary postmenopausal women (n = 24), aged 63 ± 8 years and with BMI of 28 ± 3 kg/m2 completed a 4-week Scottish dancing study. The dancing sessions of approximately 75 min were performed twice a week and each session was based on five Scottish dances performed in 3 sets. Heart rate (HR) measurements were obtained during all dances to evaluate whether the intervention achieves the criteria of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise intensity. Body composition, waist circumference, and HR during Chester Step test were measured before and after dancing intervention. HR achieved during individual dances ranged from 64 ± 5% to 80 ± 5% of HRmax and the mean HR of the five dances corresponded to 72 ± 7% of HRmax. Post-intervention mean HR was lower throughout Level 2 (Pre, 112 ± 13 bpm; Post, 106 ± 13 bpm; p = 0.005) and Level 3 (Pre, 122 ± 14 bpm; Post, 115 ± 14 bpm; p = 0.006) of the Chester test compared with baseline values. The intervention had no impact on body weight or body fat but reduced waist circumference (Pre, 94 ± 8 cm; Post, 91 ± 9 cm; p = 0.006). Thus, traditional Scottish dancing should be advocated to sedentary postmenopausal women, emphasising its potential in meeting current physical activity recommendations in relation of weekly duration and exercise intensity and improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Women's Health)
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