Search Results (84)

Background: Preparing patients for surgery considers assessing the patient’s somatic health, for example by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scale or the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI), known as the Lee index. This process usually ignores mental functioning (personality and anxiety), which is known to influence health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existence of a relationship between personality traits (the Big Five model and trait-anxiety) and anesthesia scales (ASA scale, Lee index) used for the preoperative evaluation of patients. Methods: The study group comprised 102 patients (59 women, 43 men) scheduled for hip replacement surgery. Patients completed two psychological questionnaires: the NEO-FFI (NEO Five Factors Inventory) and the X-2 STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) sheet. Next, the presence and possible strength of the relationship between personality traits and demographic and medical variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rho rank correlation coefficient. Results: Patients with a high severity of trait anxiety are classified higher on the ASA scale (rs = 0.359; p < 0.001). Neuroticism, defined according to the Big Five model, significantly correlates with scales of preoperative patient assessment: the ASA classification (rs = 0.264; p < 0.001) and the Lee index (rs = 0.202; p = 0.044). A hierarchical regression model was created to test the possibility of predicting ASA scores based on personality. It explained more than 34% of the variance and was a good fit to the data (p < 0.05). The controlled variables of age and gender accounted for more than 23% of the variance. Personality indicators (trait anxiety, neuroticism) additionally accounted for slightly more than 11% of the variance. Trait anxiety (Beta = 0.293) proved to be a better predictor than neuroticism (Beta = 0.054). Conclusions: These results indicate that inclusion of personality screening in the preoperative patient evaluation might help to introduce a more individualized approach to patients, which could result in better surgical outcomes. Full article

The underlying design of large language models (LLMs), trained on vast amounts of human texts, implies that chatbots based on them will almost inevitably retain some human personality traits. That is, we expect that LLM outputs will tend to reflect human-like features. In this study, we used the ‘Big Five’ personality traits tool to examine whether several chatbot models (ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4o, Gemini, and Gemini Advanced, all tested in both English and Polish), displayed distinctive personality profiles. Each chatbot was presented with an instruction to complete the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) questionnaire “according to who or what you are,” which left it open as to whether the answer would derive from a purported human or from an AI source. We found that chatbots sometimes chose to respond in a typically human-like way, while in other cases the answers appeared to reflect the perspective of an AI language model. The distinction was examined more closely through a set of follow-up questions. The more advanced models (ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced) showed larger differences between these two modes compared to the more basic models. In IPIP-5 terms, the chatbots tended to display higher ‘Emotional Stability’ and ‘Intellect/Imagination’ but lower ‘Agreeableness’ compared to published human norms. The spread of characteristics indicates that the personality profiles of chatbots are not static but are shaped by the model architecture and its programming as well as, perhaps, the chatbot’s own inner sense, that is, the way it models its own identity. Appreciating these philosophical subtleties is important for enhancing human–computer interactions and perhaps building more relatable, trustworthy AI systems. Full article

This paper introduces a novel approach to job recommendation systems by incorporating personality traits evaluated through the Gallup CliftonStrengths assessment, aiming to enhance the traditional matching process beyond skills and qualifications. Unlike broad models like the Big Five, Gallup’s CliftonStrengths assesses 34 specific talents (e.g., ‘Analytical’, ‘Empathy’), enabling finer-grained, actionable job matches. While existing systems focus primarily on hard skills, this paper argues that personality traits—such as those measured by the Gallup test—play a crucial role in determining career satisfaction and long-term job retention. The proposed approach offers a more granular and actionable method for matching candidates with job opportunities that align with their natural strengths. Leveraging Gallup tests, we develop a job-matching approach that identifies personality traits and integrates them with recommendation algorithms to generate a list of the most suitable specializations for the user. By utilizing a GPT-4 model to process job descriptions and rank relevant personality traits, the system generates more personalized recommendations that account for both hard and soft skills. The empirical experiments demonstrate that this integration can improve the accuracy and relevance of job recommendations, leading to better career outcomes. The paper contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive framework for personality-based job matching and validating its effectiveness, paving the way for a more holistic approach to recruitment and talent management. Full article

Background/Objectives: Intelligence and personality are the most researched constructs in the scientific literature in the field of psychology. Also, the relationship between them has been studied, with controversial results. The present study examines the relationship between intelligence and personality, considering, on the one hand, the influence of gender and, on the other, the predictive capacity of intelligence for personality traits. Methods: The sample consisted of 1166 participants between 11 and 16 years old from the Canary Islands. The Big Five Personality Questionnaire for Children, Adolescents and Adults (MASK-5) and the Adaptive Test of General Intelligence (Matrices-TAI) were used. For the analysis, a quantitative approach with an ex post facto, cross-sectional design was used. The analysis was carried out with SPSS v.26 and Jamovi v.2.3.21. Results: The findings revealed non-significant gender differences in intelligence and personality. The regression model between the two constructs was only significant for the dimension consciousness (F(1,1164) = 3.906, p = 0.048; ɳ_p² = 0.003) and its facet perseverance (F(1,1164) = 5.953, p = 0.015; ɳ_p² = 0.005), but the effect size was small in both cases. When considering girls and boys separately, the model was not significant for boys, whereas for girls, the dimension consciousness (F(1,595) = 6.148, p = 0.013; ɳ_p² = 0.010) and its facet achievement (F(1,595) = 8.227, p = 0.004; ɳ_p² = 0.014), as well as the facet humility (agreeableness) (F(1,595) = 6.472, p = 0.011; ɳ_p² = 0.011), were significant, but again, with small effect sizes. Nevertheless, low observed power results for the whole sample and the boys sample suggest the need to increase the sample size. Conclusions: These findings are discussed, and future lines of research in this field of study are proposed. Full article

Adolescence is a critical period for identity formation and psychological adjustment, where parenting styles play a fundamental role in shaping socialization and emotional development. The present study analyzed the relationships of parenting styles with the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect), self-esteem, and life satisfaction in older Spanish adolescents. A sample of 366 Spanish university students (69.1% girls and 30.9% boys) aged 18 and 19 years completed measures assessing parenting styles, personality traits, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Data analysis involved a multivariate approach, considering the four parenting styles as independent variables. The results of the MANOVA test indicate that adolescents raised with indulgent and authoritative parenting exhibit significantly higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, self-esteem, and life satisfaction compared to those raised with neglectful or authoritarian parenting. These findings highlight the influence of parenting styles not only on adolescent well-being, but also on personality development. Full article

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies based on big language models are becoming a transformative power that reshapes the future shape of education. Although the impact of GenAI on education is a key issue, there is little exploration of the challenges and response strategies of GenAI on the sustainability of education from a public perspective. This data mining study selected ChatGPT as a representative tool for GenAI. Five topics and 14 modular semantic communities of public attitudes towards using ChatGPT in education were identified through Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and the semantic network community discovery process on 40,179 user comments collected from social media platforms. The results indicate public ambivalence about whether GenAI technology is empowering or disruptive to education. On the one hand, the public recognizes the potential of GenAI in education, including intelligent tutoring, role-playing, personalized services, content creation, and language learning, where effective communication and interaction can stimulate users’ creativity. On the other hand, the public is worried about the impact of users’ technological dependence on the development of innovative capabilities, the erosion of traditional knowledge production by AI-generated content (AIGC), the undermining of educational equity by potential cheating, and the substitution of students by the passing or good performance of GenAI on skills tests. In addition, some irresponsible and unethical usage behaviors were identified, including the direct use of AIGC and using GenAI tool to pass similarity checks. This study provides a practical basis for educational institutions to re-examine the teaching and learning approaches, assessment strategies, and talent development goals and to formulate policies on the use of AI to promote the vision of AI for sustainable development in education. Full article

In engineering design, the decision-making process holds significant importance as it plays an important role in determining the outcomes of a task. The decision-making process is notably influenced by various factors, with particular focus on the personality traits and information available. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of these factors on quality and confidence in decision-making within the context of engineering design. To achieve this objective, we utilized a simulated design environment that can capture decision-making information. The analysis of personality traits was carried out utilizing the complete Big Five model, while the estimate of the structural equation model was executed by employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and a machine learning model for quality estimation. The available empirical research indicates that individuals who have a lower degree of extraversion and agreeableness, and higher levels of conscientiousness and openness, are more likely to make decisions of higher quality. These characteristics have been found to have no significant effect on the levels of confidence during the process of making decisions. Furthermore, it was found that the trait of neuroticism has a negative impact on the quality of decision-making but does not have a significant impact on decision-making confidence. The noticeable finding was the strong impact of test-assessed knowledge on decision quality and confidence, in contrast to the lack of significant effect of self-assessed knowledge. This highlights the importance of carefully aligning tasks with individual personality traits in organizations working in the engineering design sector and prioritizing factual demonstrated knowledge rather than subjective self-assessment when assigning decision-making positions to individuals. These findings highlight the importance of considering personality traits and domain knowledge in educational and professional settings to enhance decision-making quality and confidence among engineering students, potentially informing targeted training and assessment practices. Full article

This study explores the relationship between creative self-efficacy and creative behavior by modulating state-level creative self-efficacy through false feedback to enhance creative performance. In Study 1, 1539 college students completed the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) to measure performance-based creativity and the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ) to assess self-reported creative achievements. The Big Five personality traits and curiosity served as covariates. Regression and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between trait-level creative self-efficacy and both creative performance measures. Experiment 2 employed a 2 × 2 between-subjects design to test the effects of false feedback (positive vs. negative) and trait-level creative self-efficacy (high vs. low) on state-level creative self-efficacy and creative behavior, using the same covariates. In Study 1, creative self-efficacy was positively correlated with both AUT and CAQ, with stronger associations for CAQ. Experiment 2 found that false feedback significantly affected state-level creative self-efficacy and the originality of creative behavior. Changes in state-level creative self-efficacy were positively correlated with originality. This study emphasizes the role of both trait and state-level creative self-efficacy in influencing creative behavior. It offers insights for enhancing creativity through feedback, with implications for educational and workplace settings. Full article

In recent years, the growing number of Online Travel Review (OTR) platforms and advances in social media and search engine technologies have led to a new way of accessing information for tourists, placing projected Tourist Destination Image (TDI) and electronic Word of Mouth (eWoM) at the heart of travel decision-making. This research introduces a big data-driven approach to analyzing and measuring the perceived and conveyed TDI in OTRs concerning the reflected perceptive, spatial, and affective dimensions of search results. To test this approach, a massive metadata analysis of search engine was conducted on approximately 2700 reviews from TripAdvisor users for the category “Attractions” of the city of Kastoria, Greece. Using artificial intelligence, an analysis of the photos accompanying user comments on TripAdvisor was performed. Based on the results, we created five themes for the image narratives, depending on the focus of interest (monument, activity, self, other person, and unknown) in which the content was categorized. The results obtained allow us to extract information that can be used in business intelligence applications. Full article

In this study, we applied the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) to explore the associations between personality traits (Big Five) and psychological flexibility, on the one hand, and depression and anxiety, on the other hand, among patients with cancer and their spouses. Method: Forty-six patient—spouse dyads (N = 92) completed the anxiety and depression scales from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), the ten-item personality inventory (TIPI), and the psychological flexibility scale (AAQ-2). Multilevel APIM models, adjusted for multiple testing, showed that neuroticism and psychological flexibility had actor effects on patients’ depression and anxiety. Furthermore, neuroticism had actor effects on spouses’ depression and anxiety, and agreeableness had actor effects on spouses’ anxiety. In addition, patients’ psychological flexibility and neuroticism had partner effects on spouses’ depression. Conclusion: Being psychologically flexible but emotionally stable is important for one’s own and one’s partner’s psychological outcomes in the context of dyadic coping with cancer. Implications include informing couples’ therapists in the context of psycho-oncology on the importance of considering personality traits and improving psychological flexibility. Full article

This study explores the intersection of personality, attention and task performance in traditional 2D and immersive virtual reality (VR) environments. A visual search task was developed that required participants to find anomalous images embedded in normal background images in 3D space. Experiments were conducted with 30 subjects who performed the task in 2D and VR environments while their eye movements were tracked. Following an exploratory correlation analysis, we applied machine learning techniques to investigate the predictive power of gaze features on human data derived from different data collection methods. Our proposed methodology consists of a pipeline of steps for extracting fixation and saccade features from raw gaze data and training machine learning models to classify the Big Five personality traits and attention-related processing speed/accuracy levels computed from the Group Bourdon test. The models achieved above-chance predictive performance in both 2D and VR settings despite visually complex 3D stimuli. We also explored further relationships between task performance, personality traits and attention characteristics. Full article

Cognitive and non-cognitive traits are frequently analyzed in isolation. However, there is an increasing acknowledgment that their interplay should be considered for enhancing our understanding of human psychological differences. Testing both traits in the same sample of individuals is desirable when addressing their relationships. Here, for that purpose, 299 university students from Spain (mean age = 18.5 years., 83% female) completed a cognitive ability battery comprised by nine tests, the NEO-FFI for assessing the big five personality traits, and the SCL-90-R for evaluating a range of subjective psychopathological symptoms. This resulted in 23 cognitive and non-cognitive variables that were submitted to a data reduction providing four factors: (1) neuroticism/p, (2) cognitive ability/g, (3) agreeableness/A, and (4) introversion/I. Summary factor scores revealed a positive correlation between p and I (0.47), along with negative correlations of A with p (−0.26) and with g (−0.24), and a negative correlation between A and I (−0.16). These factors were related to some degree even when the assessment of the cognitive and non-cognitive variables cannot be considered straightforwardly comparable because the former was performance based, whereas the later was based on self-reports. Conceptual and methodological implications are discussed regarding the three-way relationship among cognitive ability, personality, and subjective psychopathological symptoms. Full article

This study’s aim was an analysis regarding selected determinants of diet health quality in a group of elite Polish female team sport players. Relationships were assessed between age, sport experience, personal resources and personality traits with regard to the Big Five model and the pro-Health (pHDI-10) and non-Healthy (nHDI-14) Diet Indices. This study was conducted among 181 women (median age—25 years; sport experience—7 years) with the use of the Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire (KomPAN), Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC-B) and NEO-PI-R personality inventory. Statistical analysis was carried out via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal–Wallis’s ANOVA, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and forward stepwise regression at a significance level of α = 0.05. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the value of the pro-Health Diet Index (pHDI-10) was positively explained by professional experience and extraversion, while negatively by openness to experiences (12% of the pHDI-10 variance). In turn, a higher value of the non-Healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14) was associated with the discipline of basketball (2% of the nHDI-14 variance). In summary, the demonstrated diet health quality was low and the predictive significance of competitive experience as well as type of discipline and selected personality traits was exhibited for diet quality among female team sport players. Full article

This research investigates the possible influence of students’ perceptions of emerging AI technologies on university courses, focusing on their knowledge and perceived usefulness within engineering design. An evaluation tool implemented in a Microsoft Excel workbook was developed and tested to perform the process of data collection through well-known questionnaires, data analysis, and the generation of results, facilitating attention to class compositions and measuring AI awareness and perceived usefulness. The study considers traditional aspects such as roles within design teams and the psychological factors that may influence these roles, alongside contemporary topics like Large Language Models (LLMs). Questionnaires based on well-established theories were administered during courses on product innovation and representation, assessing both primary and secondary design roles. Primary roles focus on technical skills and knowledge, while secondary roles emphasize problem-solving approaches. The Big Five questionnaire was used to characterize students’ psychological profiles based on the main personality traits. Students’ perceptions of AI involvement and usefulness in engineering design were evaluated using questionnaires derived from the consolidated literature as well. Data were collected via Google forms from both in-class and off-line students. The first results of the workbook adoption highlight some relationships between personality traits, perceived roles in design teams, and AI knowledge and usefulness. These findings aim to help educators enhance course effectiveness and align courses with current AI advancements. The workbook is available to the readers to collect data and perform analyses in different countries, education disciplines, and as time goes by, in order to add the longitudinal point of view to the research. Full article

Background and Objectives: We hypothesized that an individual’s personality traits would have an impact on the distress of subjective tinnitus. To investigate this, 32 participants were recruited; we followed up with this cohort. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a part of this cohort, identifying how their personality traits make a difference in the severity of tinnitus distress. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two participants completed a personality test based on the Big Five theory, consisting of 160 items. Additionally, the severity of tinnitus was assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and the accompanying level of depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Audiometry tests, including pure-tone audiometry, were also conducted. Participants were categorized into the ‘mild group’ if their total THI score was 36 or below, and into the ‘severe group’ if their score was 38 or above. Results: In the traditional five domains of the Big Five Inventory (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism), only the ‘Neuroticism’ domain showed a difference between the two groups (25.1 ± 21.0 in the mild group and 43.1 ± 18.2 in the severe group, p = 0.014). Among ego-related factors, the ‘Helplessness’ domain (26.3 ± 22.9 in the mild group and 62.3 ± 27.9 in the severe group, p < 0.001) and the communication-related factor of ‘Listening’ (58.7 ± 18.8 in the mild group and 37.8 ± 27.9 in the severe group, p = 0.020) showed differences between the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, ‘Helplessness’ (estimate 0.419, 95% confidence interval 0.249–0.589, p < 0.001), ‘Emotional Trauma’ (0.213, 0.020–0.406, p = 0.032), and ‘Pure-tone threshold at 2000 Hz’ (0.944, 0.477–1.411, p < 0.001) were identified as factors influencing the severity of tinnitus distress. Conclusions: Ego-related factors, particularly Helplessness and Emotional Trauma, can influence tinnitus distress and should be considered in the management of tinnitus. Full article