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Keywords = 6-acetylmorphine

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9 pages, 965 KB  
Article
Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique
by Sara Yasien, Ejaz Ali, Mohsin Javed, Muhammad Muntazir Iqbal, Shahid Iqbal, Hamad Alrbyawi, Samar O. Aljazzar, Eslam B. Elkaeed, Ayed A. Dera, Rami Adel Pashameah, Eman Alzahrani and Abd-ElAziem Farouk
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6761; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196761 - 10 Oct 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5276
Abstract
Common methodologies such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are applied for the extraction of opioids from biological specimens i.e., blood and urine. Techniques including LC-MS/LC-MSMS, GC-MS, etc. are used for qualitative or quantitative determination of opioids. The goal of the present work [...] Read more.
Common methodologies such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are applied for the extraction of opioids from biological specimens i.e., blood and urine. Techniques including LC-MS/LC-MSMS, GC-MS, etc. are used for qualitative or quantitative determination of opioids. The goal of the present work is to design a green, economic, rugged, and simple extraction technique for famous opioids in human blood and urine and their simultaneous quantification by GC-MS equipped with an inert plus electron impact (EI) ionization source at SIM mode to produce reproducible and efficient results. Morphine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine, nalbuphine, tramadol and dextromethorphan were selected as target opioids. Anhydrous Epsom salt was applied for dSPE of opioids from blood and urine into acetonitrile extraction solvent with the addition of sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6) and n-hexane was added to remove non-polar interfering species from samples. BSTFA was used as a derivatizing agent for GC-MS. Following method validation, the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for morphine, codeine, nal-buphine, tramadol, and dextromethorphan at 10 ng/mL and 1500 ng/mL, respectively, while the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for 6-acetylmorphine at 5 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL, respectively. This method was applied to real blood and urine samples of opioid abusers and the results were found to be reproducible with true quantification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Chromatographic and Other Analytical Technologies for Pharmaceutical Drugs)
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14 pages, 1455 KB  
Article
A Study of Opiate, Opiate Metabolites and Antihistamines in Urine after Consumption of Cold Syrups by LC-MS/MS
by Yao-Te Yen, Yin-Jue Chang, Pin-Jung Lai, Chi-Lun Chang, Ting-Yueh Chen and San-Chong Chyueh
Molecules 2020, 25(4), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040972 - 21 Feb 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4862
Abstract
Studying the origin of opiate and/or opiate metabolites in individual urine specimens after consumption of cold syrups is vital for patients, doctors, and law enforcement. A rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method using “dilute-and-shoot” analysis without the need for extraction, hydrolysis and/or derivatization [...] Read more.
Studying the origin of opiate and/or opiate metabolites in individual urine specimens after consumption of cold syrups is vital for patients, doctors, and law enforcement. A rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method using “dilute-and-shoot” analysis without the need for extraction, hydrolysis and/or derivatization has been developed and validated. The approach provides linear ranges of 2.5–1000 ng mL−1 for 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, chlorpheniramine, and carbinoxamine, 2.5–800 ng mL−1 for morphine and morphine-3-β-d-glucuronide, and 2.5–600 ng mL−1 for morphine-6-β-d-glucuronide and codeine-6-β-d-glucuronide, with excellent correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.995) and matrix effects (< 5%). Urine samples collected from the ten participants orally administered cold syrups were analyzed. The results concluded that participants consuming codeine-containing cold syrups did not routinely pass urine tests for opiates, and their morphine–codeine concentration ratios (M/C) were not always < 1. In addition, the distribution map of the clinical total concentration of the sum of morphine and codeine against the antihistamines (chlorpheniramine or carbinoxamine) were plotted for discrimination of people who used cold syrups. The 15 real cases have been studied by using M/C rule, cutoff value, and distribution map, further revealing a potential approach to determine opiate metabolite in urine originating from cold syrups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Analytical Chemistry)
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17 pages, 571 KB  
Article
Economical Synthesis of 13C-Labeled Opiates, Cocaine Derivatives and Selected Urinary Metabolites by Derivatization of the Natural Products
by Morten Karlsen, Huiling Liu, Jon Eigill Johansen and Bård Helge Hoff
Molecules 2015, 20(4), 5329-5345; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20045329 - 25 Mar 2015
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 27831
Abstract
The illegal use of opiates and cocaine is a challenge world-wide, but some derivatives are also valuable pharmaceuticals. Reference samples of the active ingredients and their metabolites are needed both for controlling administration in the clinic and to detect drugs of abuse. Especially, [...] Read more.
The illegal use of opiates and cocaine is a challenge world-wide, but some derivatives are also valuable pharmaceuticals. Reference samples of the active ingredients and their metabolites are needed both for controlling administration in the clinic and to detect drugs of abuse. Especially, 13C-labeled compounds are useful for identification and quantification purposes by mass spectroscopic techniques, potentially increasing accuracy by minimizing ion alteration/suppression effects. Thus, the synthesis of [acetyl-13C4]heroin, [acetyl-13C4-methyl-13C]heroin, [acetyl-13C2-methyl-13C]6-acetylmorphine, [N-methyl-13C-O-metyl-13C]codeine and phenyl-13C6-labeled derivatives of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and cocaethylene was undertaken to provide such reference materials. The synthetic work has focused on identifying 13C atom-efficient routes towards these derivatives. Therefore, the 13C-labeled opiates and cocaine derivatives were made from the corresponding natural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Bioactive Compounds)
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