Search Results (6)

A high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to obesity and skeletal muscle atrophy. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) improves obesity and increases skeletal muscle mass. This study examined whether SG prevented skeletal muscle atrophy in a diet-induced rat obesity rat model. First, 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical (sham-operated or SG) and dietary (standard, high-fat diet, or same pair feeding as SG [PF]) interventions without exercise. In the second experiment, treadmill exercise was added for 4 weeks post-SG (SG + Ex). In the third experiment, rats received an adiponectin receptor agonist (AdipoRon) injection. The HFD induced weight gain and decreased muscle fiber area. SG + Ex reversed these levels, followed by increases in adiponectin in the blood and skeletal muscle and myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) and decreased peri-muscular adipose tissue (PMAT) mass, but SG alone did not. No similar changes were observed in the PF group, with or without exercise. Injection of AdipoRon had a similar effect on skeletal muscle and PMAT as SG + Ex. The combination of SG and exercise, but not calorie restriction alone, had better impacts on skeletal muscle and PMAT than SG or exercise alone. Full article

Background and Objectives: We analyzed the changes in obesity, glucose metabolism, and body composition over a 3-year period in Japanese patients with obesity following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Methods: Body weight, parameters related to diabetes such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and electrical impedance analysis were used to assess body composition in forty-eight Japanese patients with obesity before surgery and 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after LSG. Results: At 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years post-LSG, there were significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and HbA1c levels. Six months after LSG, fat mass (FM), muscle mass (MM), and %FM all showed a decrease compared to pre-treatment values (all p < 0.05). FM and %FM remained in a decreased state until 3 years had passed. In contrast, %MM increased at 6 months post-LSG and was maintained up to 3 years post-LSG (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, changes in FM and %FM were associated with changes in body weight and A1C. In contrast, change in %MM exhibited a negative correlation with body weight and A1C following LSG. Finally, multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that alterations in FM were independent factors affecting body weight in patients with obesity 3 years after LSG. Conclusions: We observed improvements in FM, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels over a 3-year period in Japanese patients after LSG. The reduction in FM and maintenance of %MM after LSG were suggested as possible links between the effects of LSG on obesity and diabetes over 3 years. Full article

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the changes in obesity severity, glucose metabolism, and body composition in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) semaglutide. Materials and Methods: Body weight (BW), metabolic parameters, and body composition were examined before and 3 months after semaglutide administration. The mass of body fat (FM), fat weight percentage (%FM), mass of skeletal muscle (MM), skeletal MM percentage (%MM), and limb muscles were measured using the bioelectrical impedance method. Results: Semaglutide dramatically reduced the weight, the body mass index (BMI), and the levels of the glucose metabolic markers, including fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c, and accelerated the loss of excess BW. FM, MM, and %FM after semaglutide treatment also decreased. Conversely, semaglutide had no effect on the %MM after 3 months. In limb muscle analyses, right upper and lower leg muscle percentages, left upper and lower leg muscles, and the ratios of the lower/upper muscles were maintained by semaglutide treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that the GLP1-RA semaglutide effectively reduces body adiposity while maintaining the MM in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Full article

We evaluated time-course changes and the relationship between eating behavior and glycemic profile during the treatment of 34 obese type 2 diabetic patients with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) semaglutide. Changes in dietary habits were evaluated using the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity questionnaire. Semaglutide improved body weight and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) 3 and 6 months after treatment. In addition, semaglutide led to marked improvements in the total scores for eating behavior items on the questionnaire. In particular, changes in the scores regarding the sensation of hunger, food preference, eating style, regularity of eating habits and emotional eating behavior were significantly improved during semaglutide treatment. By contrast, there were no significant changes in the scores for the recognition of weight and constitution and external eating behavior. Furthermore, changes in the scores regarding the sensation of hunger and food preference were correlated with changes in HbA1c after semaglutide treatment. Multivariable regression analyses showed that the change in the sensation of hunger was related to HbA1c during treatment. In conclusion, the GLP1-RA semaglutide regulates eating behavior, and, in particular, the sensation of hunger is closely related to the improvement in HbA1c by semaglutide in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Full article

In the present study, we developed a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) using a two-step sandwich method to measure aldosterone concentrations. We investigated serum and plasma aldosterone concentrations in 75 blood samples from 27 patients using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the CLEIA (with current and newly improved reagents) as well as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Based on the results of the Passing–Bablok regression analysis, the aldosterone levels measured using CLEIA with the new reagents and those measured by LC-MS/MS were found to be significantly correlated (slope, 0.984; intercept, 0.2). However, aldosterone levels varied depending on the measurement method (i.e., CLEIA with the new reagent, CLEIA with the current reagent, and RIA). Aldosterone levels were lower with the improved CLEIA method than with RIA and CLEIA using the current reagent. Therefore, the cutoff values of the screening test as well as those of the confirmatory test for primary aldosteronism (PA) should be adjusted to follow current clinical practice guidelines for PA. The formula that can be used to obtain the aldosterone level (pg/mL) when using CLEIA with the new reagent is 0.765 × RIA (pg/mL) − 33.7. This formula will enable PA cutoff values to be set for provisional screening and confirmatory tests. Full article

We investigated the association between body composition and changes in glucose metabolism following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in obese Japanese patients. Thirty-two Class III obese patients were assessed before LSG and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Variables including fat mass (FM), % body fat (%FM), total and skeletal muscle mass (MM), the ratio of lower extremity MM to body weight (BW) (L/W), and the ratio of upper extremity MM to BW (U/W) were measured while using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). LSG significantly decreased BW, FM, and %FM in all time periods observed after surgery with concomitant improvements in metabolic markers. MM was decreased at three months but maintained from 3–12 months post-surgery. Importantly, %MM, U/W, and the L/W ratio increased after LSG. Furthermore, change in FM was positively correlated with change in BW 12 months after LSG, whereas changes in %MM were negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Finally, multivariable stepwise regression analyses showed that changes in % total MM was an independent determinant of FPG and change in % skeletal MM was a significant independent determinant of HbA1c in Class III obese Japanese patients after LSG. Full article