Search Results (7)

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in chemical composition of fresh red raspberry ‘Willamette’ fruits caused by the presence of raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV). In three experimental orchards of ‘Willamette’ raspberry, fruits were harvested from RLBV-free and RLBV-infected plants in 2019 and 2020. Fruits were collected at appropriate maturity stages and further analyzed in terms of total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and selected individual phenolics. In all three experimental orchards, the phenolic profiles of the infected and uninfected fruit samples were considerably different during both studied years. Nonetheless, the intensity of the modifications varied greatly depending on the location and harvest year. Statistical analysis revealed that the influence of RLBV infection on the studied features was undeniable, although the influences of weather conditions and soil composition outweighed the influence of RLBV. Taking into consideration all the experimental and statistical data, it can be concluded that RLBV had an impact on the phenolic profile of raspberry ‘Willamette’ fruits, while sensitivity to environmental conditions and soil composition is emphasized. Full article

The objective of this study is to assess the suitability of vitrification cryo-plate (V cryo-plate) and dehydration cryo-plate (D cryo-plate) methods for the long-term conservation of eight autochthonous Prunus domestica L. genotypes originating from the Balkan Peninsula region. In vitro shoot tips were briefly pre-cultured for 1 day at 23 °C in the dark on a medium containing 0.3 M sucrose and then embedded in calcium alginate gel within the wells of the aluminum cryo-plates. In the V cryo-plate protocol, dehydration was carried out at room temperature using the following vitrification solutions: original plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) and 90% PVS2 solution (for 20 and 40 min) and plant vitrification solution 3 (PVS3) (for 60 and 80 min). In the D cryo-plate protocol, desiccation was performed for 2, 2.5, or 3 h over silica gel at 23 °C. The effect of different treatments was evaluated by monitoring the regrowth of both non-frozen and cryo-preserved explants. After cryo-preservation, five genotypes achieved regrowth rates over 40% in at least one of the applied protocols, while two genotypes showed regrowth rates of around 10%. A significant improvement in regrowth success for all genotypes using both cryo-plate methods was achieved by pre-culturing shoot tips for 7 days on a medium containing 0.5 M sucrose in complete darkness at 4 °C. Shoots regenerated from cryo-preserved explants were further monitored in vitro. By the third subculture, they had not only regained but had even exceeded the multiplication capacity (index of multiplication, length of axial, and lateral shoots) of shoots regenerated from dissection controls. Following multiplication, the cryo-preserved shoots were successfully rooted and rooting ability was assessed by monitoring the percentage of rooting, number and length of roots, and height of rooted plantlets. Full article

Due to high water content, chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa L.) are perishable. Therefore, energy-saving, combined drying technologies have been explored to improve the chokeberry drying. The combined microwave and the traditional convective drying method (MCD) have significantly enhanced the drying effectiveness, efficiency, and energy utilization rate and improved product quality. The MCD method, which implies the microwave power (MD) of 900 W for 9 s and the convective dehydration (CD) at 230 °C for 12 s, has the shortest dehydration time t (24 ± 2 min), has the maximum coefficient of diffusion (D_eff = 6.0768 × 10⁻⁹ ± 5.9815 × 10⁻¹¹ m² s⁻¹), and represents the most energy effective for dehydration process (E_min = 0.382 ± 0.036 kWh). A higher water-holding capacity (WHC) characterized the chokeberries obtained by the MCD method compared to the regular microwave method (MD). The mildest MCD (15 s of MD on 900 W, 7 s of CD on 180 °C) could dehydrate chokeberries with the highest WHC (685.71 ± 40.86 g H₂O g⁻¹ d.m.) and the greatest evaluations for sensory attributes in terms of all properties. The results of this study provide the drying behavior of chokeberries that can help develop efficient drying methods and improve existing ones. Full article

This paper presents an overview of the current status of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) e-infrastructure, including the current status of the VAMDC-connected (or to be connected) databases, updates on the latest technological development within the infrastructure and a presentation of some application tools that make use of the VAMDC e-infrastructure. We analyse the past 10 years of VAMDC development and operation, and assess their impact both on the field of atomic and molecular (A&M) physics itself and on heterogeneous data management in international cooperation. The highly sophisticated VAMDC infrastructure and the related databases developed over this long term make them a perfect resource of sustainable data for future applications in many fields of research. However, we also discuss the current limitations that prevent VAMDC from becoming the main publishing platform and the main source of A&M data for user communities, and present possible solutions under investigation by the consortium. Several user application examples are presented, illustrating the benefits of VAMDC in current research applications, which often need the A&M data from more than one database. Finally, we present our vision for the future of VAMDC. Full article

In this contribution we present a progress report on two atomic and molecular databases, BEAMDB and MolD, which are web services at the Serbian virtual observatory (SerVO) and nodes within the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center (VAMDC). The Belgrade Electron/Atom (Molecule) DataBase (BEAMDB) provides collisional data for electron interactions with atoms and molecules. The Photodissociation (MolD) database contains photo-dissociation cross sections for individual rovibrational states of diatomic molecular ions and rate coefficients for the chemi-ionisation/recombination processes. We also present a progress report on the major upgrade of these databases and plans for the future. As an example of how the data from the BEAMDB may be used, a review of electron scattering from methane is described. Full article

The emission of [O I] lines in the coma of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the Rosetta mission have been explained by electron impact dissociation of water rather than the process of photodissociation. This is the direct evidence for the role of electron induced processing has been seen on such a body. Analysis of other emission features is handicapped by a lack of detailed knowledge of electron impact cross sections which highlights the need for a broad range of electron scattering data from the molecular systems detected on the comet. In this paper, we present an overview of the needs for electron scattering data relevant for the understanding of observations in coma, the tenuous atmosphere and on the surface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the Rosetta mission. The relevant observations for elucidating the role of electrons come from optical spectra, particle analysis using the ion and electron sensors and mass spectrometry measurements. To model these processes electron impact data should be collated and reviewed in an electron scattering database and an example is given in the BEAMD, which is a part of a larger consortium of Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre—VAMDC. Full article

Spectroscopy has been crucial for our understanding of physical and chemical phenomena. The interpretation of interstellar line spectra with radiative transfer calculations usually requires two kinds of molecular input data: spectroscopic data (such as energy levels, statistical weights, transition probabilities, etc.) and collision data. This contribution describes how such data are collected, stored, and which limitations exist. Also, here we summarize challenges of atomic/molecular databases and point out our experiences, problems, etc., which we are faced with. We present overview of future developments and needs in the areas of radiative transfer and molecular data. Full article