Individual Circadian Preference, Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Dangerous Liaison? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design, Search Methods and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Study Selection, Strategy for Data Synthesis and Quality Assessment
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of the Studies
3.1.1. Chronotype
3.1.2. Association with Sex
3.1.3. Eating Disorders
3.1.4. Quantitative Analysis: Overweight and Chronotype
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors, Year | Design (Country) | Disorder (n) | Control (n) | Gender M/F | Age (SD) [Disorder/Control] | Chronotype (SD) [Disorder/Control] | Tool | Main Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bodur et al. (2021) [18] | Cross sectional study (Turkey) | BMI > 25 23 | 139 | 0/23 0/139 | [20.13 (1.55) years 20.39 (1.53) years] | [49,13 (7.97) 50,24 (8.25)] | MEQ | E-type individuals have a lower intake of fruit and a higher intake of refined grains. Healthy individuals may be vulnerable to chronic diseases. In the long-term, chronotype effect in dietary (high energy, carbohydrate and fat intake of E-type individuals) |
Esin et al. (2020) [19] | Case-control study (Turkey) | BMI > 25 42 | 35 | 20/22 20/15 | [11.5 (2.9) years 10.4 (2.9) years] | [28.1 (5) 28.4 (4.5)] | CCTQ | No risk factors (chronotype or having at least one psychiatric disorder) were statistically associated to become obese. |
Türkoğlu et al. (2019) [20] | Cross sectional study (Turkey) | BMI > 25 22 | 56 | 22/0 56/0 | 10.02 (2.24) years | NR | CCTQ | E-type was directly related to obesity and M-type related to normal weight in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
Valladares et al. (2016) [21] | Cross sectional study (Spain) | BMI > 25 | 65 | 30/35 | 20 years | [48.5 49.1] | MEQ | E-type is strongly associated with altered body composition measures. E-type may be a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. |
Rodriguez-Munoz. et al. (2020) [22] | Cross sectional study (Spain) | BMI > 25 113 | 344 | 152/305 | 22 (4) years | [13.98 (3.36) 14.47 (3.86)] | rMEQ | Having an E-type during university was associated with poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Chronotype is an important variable that interferes with diet and sexual opinion. |
Saidi et al. (2020) [23] | Cross sectional study (France) | BMI > 25 and E-type 16 | NA | 0/16 | 13.18 (0.98) years | NA | MEQ | E-type adolescent women with obesity, after practicing intense exercise, show a decrease in the intake of foods with high energy content. |
Arora et al. (2015) [24] | Cross sectional study (United Kingdon) | BMI z-score (NR) | NA | 212/299 | 12.0 (0.7) years | NR | MEQ | E-type are associated with a high BMI and poorer eating behaviors. There is also a negative relationship between sleep duration and BMI |
Karadag et al. (2021) [25] | Case-control study (Turkey) | BMI ≥ 95th percentile 79 | 82 | 41/38 45/37 | [12.1 (2.3) years 12.4 (2.2) years] | 31.9 (6.3) 27.2 (5.7) | CCTQ | Obese children and adolescents had greater evening preference, longer sleep debt duration, SJL duration and SJLsc duration, higher MEQ scores, and shorter mean sleep duration |
Li et al. (2018) [26] | Cross sectional study (China) | Sugary beverage intake (NR) | NA | 271/517 | 19.8 (1.1) years | M-type: 21.8% I-type: 62.8% E-type: 15.4% | MEQ | Chronotype and sleep duration were associated with BMI, and this relationship was mediated by sugary beverage intake. |
Roßbach et al. (2018) [27] | Cross sectional study (Germany) | BMI (According to IOTF) | NA | 184/162 | 12.2 (1.4) years | Median (Q1; Q3) | MCTQ | E-Type adolescents are more likely to perform regular breakfast skipping and higher evening energy intake. |
Yu et al. (2020) [28] | Retrospec. cohort study (Hong Kong) | Fast Food intake 398 | 98 | 261/235 | 9.25 (1.58) years | Boys: - M-type: 74.2% - E-type: 91.2% Girls - M-type: 43.5% - E-type: 86.2% | CCTQ | E-type boys were more likely to eat fast food than M-type boys [OR = 3.62 (1.07–12.26), p = 0.03]. When adjusted for the screen time of the children no statistically significant differences were found [aOR = 3.18, (0.91–11.16), p = 0.07] |
Najem et al. (2020) [10] | Cross sectional study (Lebanon) | Food addiction 65 | 579 | 190/453 | 20.22 (1.8) years | 47.89 (8.03) - M-type: 8.7% - E-type: 20.5% | MEQ | Poor sleep quality, high stress and an E-type could lead to the development of food addiction, as their effect can be cumulative. |
Kandeger et al. (2018) [29] | Cross sectional study. (Turkey) | NES 20 | 363 | 9/11 153/230 | [20.55 (2.46) years 21.12 (2.31) years] | [45.25 (10.67) 51.24 (8.56)] | MEQ | Presence of NES affects chronotype differences and insomnia severity. NES might represent a misalignment of food intake and might shift the chronotype to the late sleep phase as a peripheral oscillator in humans. |
Riccobono et al. (2019) [12] | Cross sectional study. (Italy) | NES 12 | 289 | 114/175 | [17.25 (1.54) years 17.65 (1.29) years] | [42.92 (11.1) 47.56 (8.39)] | MEQ | A high prevalence of NES was observed in subjects with an E-type and depression. |
Ağagündüz et al. (2020) [30] | Cross sectional study (Turkey) | REE 103 | NA | 57/46 | 10.6 (2.19) years | 31.5 (7.39) | CCTQ | Compared with M-type and I-type, participants with E-type had lower energy expenditure for physical activity, lower REE and total energy expenditure. |
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Rodríguez-Cortés, F.J.; Morales-Cané, I.; Rodríguez-Muñoz, P.M.; Cappadona, R.; De Giorgi, A.; Manfredini, R.; Rodríguez-Borrego, M.A.; Fabbian, F.; López-Soto, P.J. Individual Circadian Preference, Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Dangerous Liaison? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Children 2022, 9, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020167
Rodríguez-Cortés FJ, Morales-Cané I, Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Cappadona R, De Giorgi A, Manfredini R, Rodríguez-Borrego MA, Fabbian F, López-Soto PJ. Individual Circadian Preference, Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Dangerous Liaison? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Children. 2022; 9(2):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020167
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodríguez-Cortés, Francisco José, Ignacio Morales-Cané, Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz, Rosaria Cappadona, Alfredo De Giorgi, Roberto Manfredini, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, Fabio Fabbian, and Pablo Jesús López-Soto. 2022. "Individual Circadian Preference, Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Dangerous Liaison? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis" Children 9, no. 2: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020167