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Volume 13
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10.3390/brainsci13111586
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Article

Movement Sonification Techniques to Improve Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

by
Alfredo Raglio
1,*,
Beatrice De Maria
2,
Monica Parati
2,
Andrea Giglietti
3,
Stefano Premoli
3,
Stefano Salvaderi
3,
Daniele Molteni
1,
Simona Ferrante
4 and
Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia
2
1
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
3
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20851 Lissone, Italy
4
Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(11), 1586; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111586
Submission received: 18 October 2023 / Revised: 6 November 2023 / Accepted: 11 November 2023 / Published: 12 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue At the Frontiers of Neurorehabilitation: Series II)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Movement sonification has been recently introduced into the field of neuromotor rehabilitation alongside Neurologic Music Therapy and music-based interventions. This study introduces the use of musical auditory cues encompassing the melodic-harmonic aspect of music. Methods: Nineteen patients with Parkinson’s disease were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 9) groups and underwent thrice-weekly sessions of the same gait training program, with or without sonification. Functional and motor parameters, as well as fatigue, quality of life, and the impact of intervention on patients’ well-being, were assessed at baseline (PRE), the end of treatment (POST), and at follow-up (FU). Between-group differences were assessed for each outcome measure using linear mixed-effects models. The outcome measure was entered as the dependent variable, group and time as fixed effects, and time by group as the interaction effect. Results: Mini BESTest and Dynamic Gait Index scores significantly improved in the experimental group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) from PRE to FU, demonstrating a significant impact of the sonification treatment on balance. No other significant differences were observed in the outcome measures. Conclusions: Larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the effectiveness of sonification approaches in Parkinson’s disease, as well as in other neurological disorders.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; neurological rehabilitation; gait; postural balance; sonification; music therapy Parkinson’s disease; neurological rehabilitation; gait; postural balance; sonification; music therapy

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Raglio, A.; De Maria, B.; Parati, M.; Giglietti, A.; Premoli, S.; Salvaderi, S.; Molteni, D.; Ferrante, S.; Dalla Vecchia, L.A. Movement Sonification Techniques to Improve Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111586

AMA Style

Raglio A, De Maria B, Parati M, Giglietti A, Premoli S, Salvaderi S, Molteni D, Ferrante S, Dalla Vecchia LA. Movement Sonification Techniques to Improve Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(11):1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111586

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raglio, Alfredo, Beatrice De Maria, Monica Parati, Andrea Giglietti, Stefano Premoli, Stefano Salvaderi, Daniele Molteni, Simona Ferrante, and Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia. 2023. "Movement Sonification Techniques to Improve Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial" Brain Sciences 13, no. 11: 1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111586

APA Style

Raglio, A., De Maria, B., Parati, M., Giglietti, A., Premoli, S., Salvaderi, S., Molteni, D., Ferrante, S., & Dalla Vecchia, L. A. (2023). Movement Sonification Techniques to Improve Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sciences, 13(11), 1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111586

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