Extraction, Characterization, and Chitosan Microencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Plant Materials
2.3. Extraction of Bioactive Compounds
2.4. Estimation of Total Polyphenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Capacity
2.5. Microencapsulation of Bioactive Compound Formulation Using Spray-Drying Technique
2.6. Encapsulation Efficiency
2.7. Morphological Characterization of Microencapsules
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characteristics of Extracted-Bioactive Compounds
3.2. Bioactive Values and Encapsulation Efficiency of Microencapsulation
3.3. Microstructure and Surface Morphology of Dried Extracts and Chitosan Microcapsules
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Extraction Method | Bioactive Compounds | Antioxidant Capacity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPC (mg GAE/g DM) | TFC (mg QUE/g DM) | DPPH Inhibition (%) | ABTS Inhibition (%) | FRAP Capacity (mg TROE/g DM) | |
Microwave extraction | |||||
C. sativa | 171.7 ± 0.4 c | 66.2 ± 4.7 c | 35.0 ± 6.4 b | 43.1 ± 2.3 b | 14.0 ± 0.7 c |
C. indica | 218.9 ± 0.9 b | 88.6 ± 3.4 b | 39.3 ± 6.1 b | 94.6 ± 1.0 a | 23.7 ± 0.5 b |
M. speiosa | 306.9 ± 0.3 a | 119.2 ± 5.2 a | 91.4 ± 0.5 a | 95.3 ± 0.4 a | 39.0 ± 0.1 a |
Maceration extraction | |||||
C. sativa | 11.3 ± 0.6 c | 7.1 ± 2.4 b | 24.7 ± 0.3 c | 3.7 ± 0.4 c | 7.7 ± 1.7 c |
C. indica | 17.7 ± 1.1 b | 10.5 ± 1.9 a, b | 38.0 ± 0.5 b | 20.6 ± 0.6 b | 14.4 ± 0.3 b |
M. speiosa | 21.7 ± 0.6 a | 13.7 ± 2.7 a | 91.3 ± 0.0 a | 88.9 ± 0.1 a | 39.4 ± 0.1 a |
Formulations | Bioactive Compound | Antioxidant Capacity | Encapsulation Efficiency (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPC (mg GAE/g DM) | TFC (mg QUE/g DM) | DPPH Inhibition (%) | ABTS Inhibition (%) | FRAP Capacity (mg TROE/g DM) | ||
Encapsulated-C. sativa | 240.0 ± 6.6 c | 22.6 ± 2.7 c | 69.9 ± 0.7 c | 53.0 ± 0.4 a | 17.2 ± 1.1 b | 54.6 ± 10.7 c |
Encapsulated-C. indica | 266.1 ± 6.8 b | 69.8 ± 3.0 b | 83.5 ± 1.0 b | 84.3 ± 0.9 b | 30.9 ± 0.7 a, b | 82.3 ± 7.6 b |
Encapsulated-M. speiosa | 307.8 ± 6.4 a | 105.3 ± 3.6 a | 94.8 ± 0.4 a | 90.3 ± 1.2 a | 34.4 ± 0.7 a | 99.7 ± 4.1 a |
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Phupaboon, S.; Matra, M.; Prommachart, R.; Totakul, P.; Supapong, C.; Wanapat, M. Extraction, Characterization, and Chitosan Microencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 2103. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112103
Phupaboon S, Matra M, Prommachart R, Totakul P, Supapong C, Wanapat M. Extraction, Characterization, and Chitosan Microencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(11):2103. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112103
Chicago/Turabian StylePhupaboon, Srisan, Maharach Matra, Ronnachai Prommachart, Pajaree Totakul, Chanadol Supapong, and Metha Wanapat. 2022. "Extraction, Characterization, and Chitosan Microencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K." Antioxidants 11, no. 11: 2103. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112103