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Oceans
Special Issues
Ocean Observing Systems: Latest Developments and Challenges
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Ocean Observing Systems: Latest Developments and Challenges

A special issue of Oceans (ISSN 2673-1924).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 1412

Special Issue Editors

Dr. A. Miguel P. Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: observing systems; fisheries oceanography; physical-biological interactions; coastal upwelling; argo; GOOS; MSFD; local community capacity building
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hassan Moustahfid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing System (US IOOS), Silver Spring, MD, USA
Interests: observing systems; artificial intelligence; machine learning; advanced acoustic technologies; biomolecular technologies; ocean management; marine resource management; fisheries science; marine conservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Oceans focuses on the critical role of ongoing ocean observing systems and networks, highlighting their importance in the context of climate change. These systems continue to provide essential data for understanding marine ecosystems, climate dynamics, and sustainable ocean management, making their role more crucial than ever. The last comprehensive review of ocean observations was conducted during the OceanObs’19 conference. Since then, advancements in technology, methodologies, and collaboration have underscored the need for an updated perspective. With the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) now underway, it is imperative to update and expand our understanding of ocean monitoring technologies, strategies, and practices. This Special Issue aims to shape the future of ocean observing by fostering collaboration among oceanographers, modelers, technology operators, data experts, early-career scientists, policymakers, and end-users. It will explore the latest advancements in marine technologies, best practices, and ocean data management, with a focus on sustainable ocean management and the protection of marine ecosystems. By integrating diverse perspectives and expertise, this Special Issue seeks to influence the next generation of ocean observation efforts, ensuring that monitoring systems are robust, adaptive, and capable of addressing the challenges posed by climate change.

Dr. A. Miguel P. Santos
Dr. Hassan Moustahfid
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Oceans is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ocean-observing systems
  • ocean monitoring
  • marine technologies
  • ocean sensing
  • best practices
  • climate changes
  • marine ecosystems
  • ocean-atmosphere interactions
  • ocean data management
  • sustainable ocean management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 7212 KiB  
Article
Combining Cirrus and Aerosol Corrections for Improved Reflectance Retrievals over Turbid Waters from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Data
by Bo-Cai Gao, Rong-Rong Li, Marcos J. Montes and Sean C. McCarthy
Oceans 2025, 6(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020028 - 14 May 2025
Viewed by 369
Abstract
The multi-band atmospheric correction algorithms, now referred to as remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) algorithms, have been implemented on a NASA computing facility for global remote sensing of ocean color and atmospheric aerosol parameters from data acquired with several satellite instruments, including [...] Read more.
The multi-band atmospheric correction algorithms, now referred to as remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) algorithms, have been implemented on a NASA computing facility for global remote sensing of ocean color and atmospheric aerosol parameters from data acquired with several satellite instruments, including the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi spacecraft platform. These algorithms are based on the 2-band version of the SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor) algorithm. The bands centered near 0.75 and 0.865 μm are used for atmospheric corrections. In order to obtain high-quality Rrs values over Case 1 waters (deep clear ocean waters), strict masking criteria are implemented inside these algorithms to mask out thin clouds and very turbid water pixels. As a result, Rrs values are often not retrieved over bright Case 2 waters. Through our analysis of VIIRS data, we have found that spatial features of bright Case 2 waters are observed in VIIRS visible band images contaminated by thin cirrus clouds. In this article, we describe methods of combining cirrus and aerosol corrections to improve spatial coverage in Rrs retrievals over Case 2 waters. One method is to remove cirrus cloud effects using our previously developed operational VIIRS cirrus reflectance algorithm and then to perform atmospheric corrections with our updated version of the spectrum-matching algorithm, which uses shortwave IR (SWIR) bands above 1 μm for retrieving atmospheric aerosol parameters and extrapolates the aerosol parameters to the visible region to retrieve water-leaving reflectances of VIIRS visible bands. Another method is to remove the cirrus effect first and then make empirical atmospheric and sun glint corrections for water-leaving reflectance retrievals. The two methods produce comparable retrieved results, but the second method is about 20 times faster than the spectrum-matching method. We compare our retrieved results with those obtained from the NASA VIIRS Rrs algorithm. We will show that the assumption of zero water-leaving reflectance for the VIIRS band centered at 0.75 μm (M6) over Case 2 waters with the NASA Rrs algorithm can sometimes result in slight underestimates of water-leaving reflectances of visible bands over Case 2 waters, where the M6 band water-leaving reflectances are actually not equal to zero. We will also show conclusively that the assumption of thin cirrus clouds as ‘white’ aerosols during atmospheric correction processes results in overestimates of aerosol optical thicknesses and underestimates of aerosol Ångström coefficients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Observing Systems: Latest Developments and Challenges)
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