Expanding the Clinical Landscape of Autoimmune Neurology

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last two decades, a growing number of neuronal and glial antibodies have been identified, leading to the recognition of novel clinical entities and the emergence of autoimmune neurology. This expanding field focuses on autoimmune—typically antibody-mediated—diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The characterization of various forms of autoimmune encephalitis has broadened the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with seizures, cognitive impairment, movement disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Likewise, the identification of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and MOG-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has reshaped our understanding of demyelinating disorders beyond multiple sclerosis. The evolving landscape of paraneoplastic syndromes—particularly following the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment—the recognition of newly described peripheral autoimmune entities such as nodo- and paranodopathies, and the renewed interest in myasthenia gravis driven by novel disease-modifying therapies further exemplify the complexity and clinical relevance of autoimmune neurology.

The aim of this Research Topic is to gather new insights into the clinical characterization of autoimmune neurological diseases involving the central and peripheral nervous systems.

We welcome contributions addressing novel or unusual clinical associations, underexplored aspects such as epidemiology and triggering factors, neuroimaging findings, treatment strategies—including real-world experience with novel immunosuppressive therapies—and patient outcomes. Review articles, comparative studies, and original case reports are all highly encouraged.

Dr. Marco Zoccarato
Guest Editor

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• antibodies
• autoimmune encephalitis
• paraneoplastic
• NMOSD
• MOGAD