Lipids, Health, and Diseases: The Interplay

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 15811

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Interests: cardiovascular diseases; inflammation; circadian rhythms; dietary supplements; nutraceuticals; aging; preventative medicine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipids are an incredibly diverse group of organic compounds that are structurally and biochemically involved in many physiological and cellular processes. They act as messengers in inflammation and immunity and are crucial in apoptosis, autophagy, and cell division. Over the last few decades, research has demonstrated that the role of lipids in health and diseases is of major importance and requires further research to advance therapeutics. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present current research that tackles the role of lipids in disease development and/or treatment. Current challenges to treat diseases such as cancer, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases involve potent lipid mediators including eicosanoids and platelet-activating factors or changes of cellular lipid compositions. With the advances in ‘omics’ technologies and research, there is potential to discover novel lipid biomarkers and lipid mediators with pro-resolving effects, such as resolvins and protectins, and design new treatments.  

This Special Issue will provide an open access opportunity to publish research work and review articles related to recent advances in understanding the role of lipids in health and disease and will hopefully present new molecular insights for developing potential therapeutic treatments as well as better patient diagnostic and disease prevention strategies.

Dr. Ronan Lordan
Dr. Ioannis Zabetakis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Aging
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Biomarkers
  • Cancer
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Eicosanoids
  • Endocannabinoids
  • Lipid mediators
  • Lipidomics
  • Longevity
  • Metabolomics
  • Neurological diseases
  • Novel lipids
  • Phospholipids
  • Pro-resolving lipid mediators
  • Sphingolipids
  • Therapeutics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1383 KiB  
Article
Reduced Skeletal Muscle Volume and Increased Skeletal Muscle Fat Deposition Characterize Diabetes in Individuals after Pancreatitis: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
by Andre E. Modesto, Juyeon Ko, Charlotte E. Stuart, Sakina H. Bharmal, Jaelim Cho and Maxim S. Petrov
Diseases 2020, 8(3), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases8030025 - 1 Jul 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3191
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes but it has never been investigated in diabetes after pancreatitis. The aim was to investigate the relationship between psoas muscle volume (PMV) and diabetes in individuals after pancreatitis, as well [...] Read more.
Background: Skeletal muscle has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes but it has never been investigated in diabetes after pancreatitis. The aim was to investigate the relationship between psoas muscle volume (PMV) and diabetes in individuals after pancreatitis, as well as its associations with ectopic fat phenotypes and insulin traits. Methods: Individuals after an attack of pancreatitis and healthy individuals were studied in a cross-sectional fashion. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging, based on which PMV, skeletal muscle fat deposition (SMFD), as well as liver and intra-pancreatic fat depositions were derived. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected to calculate indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion. Linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, body composition, comorbidities, use of insulin, and others). Results: A total of 153 participants were studied. PMV was significantly decreased in the diabetes group compared with healthy controls (β = −30.0, p = 0.034 in the most adjusted model). SMFD was significantly inversely associated with PMV (β = −3.1, p < 0.001 in the most adjusted model). The Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity was significantly directly associated with PMV (β = 1.6, p = 0.010 in the most adjusted model). Conclusions: Diabetes in individuals after pancreatitis is characterized by reduced PMV. Reduced PMV is associated with increased SMFD and decreased insulin sensitivity in individuals after pancreatitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids, Health, and Diseases: The Interplay)
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Review

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10 pages, 466 KiB  
Review
The Role of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Conjunction to COVID-19
by Victoria Ling and Ioannis Zabetakis
Diseases 2021, 9(4), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases9040076 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7242
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), otherwise known as COVID-19, has challenged healthcare systems at an international level. COVID-19 suppresses the immune system by causing a systemic inflammatory response, also known as cytokine release syndrome, leaving COVID-19 patients with high levels of proinflammatory [...] Read more.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), otherwise known as COVID-19, has challenged healthcare systems at an international level. COVID-19 suppresses the immune system by causing a systemic inflammatory response, also known as cytokine release syndrome, leaving COVID-19 patients with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Nutrition’s function in the respiratory and immune systems has been investigated in much research, and its significance cannot be overstated, as the nutritional status of patients has been shown to be directly connected with the severity of the disease. Key dietary components such as vitamin C, D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc have shown potential in their anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the famous Mediterranean diet. This review aims to discuss the use of anti-inflammatory dietary approaches to prevent Sars-CoV-2 or lessen COVID-19 effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids, Health, and Diseases: The Interplay)
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Other

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7 pages, 3177 KiB  
Opinion
The Role of Lipid-Lowering Treatment in the Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
by Alexandra Tsankof and Konstantinos Tziomalos
Diseases 2022, 10(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases10010003 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3478
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke. Treatment with statins reduces the incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and also reduces coronary events in patients with a history of ischemic stroke. Therefore, statins represent an important component of secondary prevention of [...] Read more.
Dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke. Treatment with statins reduces the incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and also reduces coronary events in patients with a history of ischemic stroke. Therefore, statins represent an important component of secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. In patients who do not achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets despite treatment with the maximal tolerated dose of a potent statin, ezetimibe should be added to their lipid-lowering treatment and also appears to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Selected patients who do not achieve LDL-C targets despite statin/ezetimibe combination are candidates for receiving proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Finally, it appears that adding icosapent ethyl might also reduce cardiovascular morbidity in patients who have achieved LDL-C targets but have persistently elevated triglyceride levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids, Health, and Diseases: The Interplay)
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