Advances in Biochar and Carbon-Negative Technologies for Sustainable Soil Management and Enhanced Crop Productivity

A Special Issue of AgriEngineering (ISSN 2624-7402) belonging to the section "Sustainable Bioresource and Bioprocess Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2027 | Viewed by 3837

Editors


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Guest Editor
Development of the Bioeconomy Research Centre of Excellence (BIOTEC), Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: sustainable agriculture; soil fertility enhancement; environmental remediation; the production and application of biochar; soil-plant-atmosphere interactions; nature-based solutions; the integration of low-input; regenerative practices for resilient food systems

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Guest Editor
Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 58344 Kedainiai, Lithuania
Interests: sustainable soil management; climate change mitigation; environmentally responsible agricultural practices; microbial and biochemical approaches; renewable energy development and biofuel production within agricultural systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global challenges of ensuring food security and combating climate change are driving the agricultural sector to seek sustainable, innovative solutions. Among the most promising of these is the application of carbon-negative technologies, particularly biochar, which offer the potential to enhance crop productivity while actively contributing to climate change mitigation.

Biochar, a stable, carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of biomass under limited-oxygen conditions, has garnered increasing attention due to its multifunctional benefits in agroecosystems. As a soil amendment, biochar has been shown to improve soil structure, increase nutrient and water retention, enhance microbial activity, and boost nutrient use efficiency, all of which contribute to higher and more resilient crop yields. Additionally, biochar can significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, from soils.

One of the most significant advantages of biochar is its role in long-term carbon sequestration. By stabilizing carbon in soil for decades or even centuries, biochar functions not only as an agronomic tool but also as a climate mitigation one—making it a key player in the transition toward low-carbon agriculture.

This Special Issue invites original research, reviews, and case studies that delve into various aspects of biochar use in sustainable crop production systems. We particularly welcome studies that carry out the following:

  • Investigating the synergistic effects of biochar and other organic and inorganic soil amendments (e.g., compost, manure, mineral fertilizers);
  • Examining biochar's interactions with soil microbial communities and their implications for nutrient cycling and plant health;
  • Evaluating field-scale impacts on crop yield, quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, pests, disease);
  • Assessing soil health indicators such as pH, organic matter content, and enzymatic activities in biochar-amended soils;
  • Analyzing the long-term effects of repeated or high-rate biochar applications across different soil types and climatic zones.

Furthermore, we strongly encourage contributions that take a holistic, systems-based approach, integrating the following:

  • Life cycle assessments (LCAs) to evaluate the environmental footprint of biochar production and application;
  • Economic analyses assessing the cost-effectiveness and scalability of biochar use in different farming contexts;
  • Circular bioeconomy models that link biochar production with renewable energy, waste valorization, and sustainable land management.

By bringing together diverse perspectives and innovative research, this Special Issue will advance our understanding of how biochar and related carbon-negative strategies can contribute to a climate-smart, resource-efficient, and resilient agricultural future.

Dr. Muhammad Ayaz
Dr. Modupe Doyeni
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biochar
  • carbon-negative technology
  • pyrolysis
  • soil fertility
  • crop productivity
  • greenhouse gas mitigation
  • circular bioeconomy
  • soil amendment
  • sustainable agriculture
  • carbon sequestration

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7874 KB  
Article
Biochar and Fertilizer Type Effects on Soil Health Indicators in a Sandy Loam Ultisol of the Georgia Coastal Plain: A Two-Year Field Study
by Emilio Suarez, Hayley Milner, Juan Carlos Diaz Perez, Kate Cassity-Duffey, Henry Y. Sintim and Theodore McAvoy
AgriEngineering 2026, 8(7), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering8070293 - 16 Jul 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 632
Abstract
Biochar and poultry litter have been proposed as soil amendments to improve soil health in coarse-textured agricultural soils, yet their field performance under southeastern U.S. conditions remains inconclusive. This two-year field study evaluated five biochar application rates (0–44.8 Mg ha−1) combined [...] Read more.
Biochar and poultry litter have been proposed as soil amendments to improve soil health in coarse-textured agricultural soils, yet their field performance under southeastern U.S. conditions remains inconclusive. This two-year field study evaluated five biochar application rates (0–44.8 Mg ha−1) combined with inorganic fertilizer or poultry litter on selected soil health indicators in a sandy loam Ultisol under sweet corn production in the Georgia Coastal Plain. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Biochar application did not significantly affect aggregate stability, pH, cation exchange capacity, soluble salts, organic matter, active carbon, or estimated nitrogen mineralization, with only a marginal three-way interaction observed for microbial respiration. Poultry litter significantly increased microbial respiration relative to inorganic fertilizer, whereas responses for the remaining soil health indicators were broadly similar between fertilizer sources. Year was the dominant source of variation, with extreme rainfall in 2024 reducing aggregate stability, soluble salts, microbial respiration, and nitrogen mineralization while increasing organic matter and active carbon. These findings indicate that short-term soil health responses were driven primarily by environmental conditions rather than management practices. Under the conditions of this study, either fertilizer source can be used successfully, whereas longer-term studies are needed to determine whether biochar aging enhances soil function in sandy loam Ultisols. Full article
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26 pages, 2359 KB  
Article
Removal of Triazine Herbicides Using Passion Fruit Waste-Derived Hydrochar
by Alana Hellen Batista de Almeida, Daniel Viana de Freitas, Caio Alisson Diniz da Silva, Valdívia Gomes de Sousa Bezerra, Ana Candida Lobão da Costa, Mateus Alencar Bezerra Silva, Francisca Daniele da Silva, Jesley Nogueira Bandeira, Maria Carolina Ramirez Hernandez, Lucrecia Pacheco Batista, Matheus de Freitas Souza, Frederico Ribeiro do Carmo, Paulo Sergio Fernandes das Chagas, Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes and Daniel Valadão Silva
AgriEngineering 2026, 8(4), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering8040135 - 2 Apr 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1179
Abstract
Triazine herbicides are widely used for weed control in agricultural systems, and their occurrence in water bodies has been frequently reported worldwide. This study assessed the efficiency of a hydrochar derived from the epicarp and mesocarp of passion fruit residues for the removal [...] Read more.
Triazine herbicides are widely used for weed control in agricultural systems, and their occurrence in water bodies has been frequently reported worldwide. This study assessed the efficiency of a hydrochar derived from the epicarp and mesocarp of passion fruit residues for the removal of three triazine herbicides (atrazine, ametryn, and metribuzin), with the aim of developing a material suitable for application in water remediation programs. The adsorption capacity of biomass and hydrochar derived from passion fruit residues was evaluated with and without activation using 0.5 mol L−1 phosphoric acid. The adsorption of herbicides was not significantly affected by pH within the range of 4 to 8. The acid hydrochar, which exhibited the highest removal capacity among the evaluated adsorbents, presented adsorption capacities of 18.05, 10.83, and 5.05 µg g−1 for atrazine, ametryn, and metribuzin, respectively. These values correspond to removal efficiencies of approximately 62%, 72%, and 52% at initial concentrations of 0.33, 0.25, and 0.15 mg L−1. The adsorption equilibrium time varied among the herbicides, reaching 4 h for atrazine and ametryn and 5 h for metribuzin. The adsorption dynamics between the adsorbents and adsorbates were best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for ametryn and metribuzin, while atrazine had a higher correlation with the Elovich equation. The Weber–Morris model did not adequately describe the adsorption process. Among the isotherms tested, the Freundlich model provided the best fit for all three herbicides. The desorption rates of the acid hydrochar were 51%, 13%, and 83% for atrazine, ametryn, and metribuzin, respectively. Therefore, hydrochar derived from passion fruit residues represents a promising alternative for the remediation of triazine herbicides. Full article
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30 pages, 2288 KB  
Article
Integrated Processes Controlling the Functioning and Quality of Sandy Soil Cultivated with Bean Under Biochar Application in a Semiarid Region
by Raví Emanoel de Melo, Vanilson Pedro da Silva, Julio César Calixto Costa, Maria Fernanda de A. Tenório Alves, Márcio Henrique Leal Lopes, Argemiro Pereira Martins Filho, Gustavo Pereira Duda, Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino, Maria Camila de Barros Silva, Claude Hammecker, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima and Erika Valente de Medeiros
AgriEngineering 2026, 8(3), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering8030095 - 4 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1250
Abstract
Biochar application has been proposed as a promising strategy to improve soil functioning, defined as the integrated regulation of water storage, nutrient availability, and biological activity influencing crop productivity and crop performance in water-limited environments. However, its effectiveness depends on soil properties, climatic [...] Read more.
Biochar application has been proposed as a promising strategy to improve soil functioning, defined as the integrated regulation of water storage, nutrient availability, and biological activity influencing crop productivity and crop performance in water-limited environments. However, its effectiveness depends on soil properties, climatic variability, and dominant processes. This study evaluated the effects of sewage sludge biochar on soil quality, water dynamics, nutrient availability, and bean productivity in sandy soil under rainfed semiarid conditions across two contrasting cropping cycles. A soil quality index (SQI) based on a minimum data set (MDS) derived from principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the dominant processes controlling soil functioning under different hydrological regimes. The two cropping cycles corresponded to wetter (Cycle I) and drier (Cycle II) hydrological conditions within the same agricultural year. Biochar application increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks, enhanced phosphorus availability, and improved soil water storage. Despite similar evapotranspiration among treatments, water productivity increased, indicating more efficient conversion of stored soil water into yield. Biological indicators were more responsive during the wetter cycle, whereas physicochemical indicators dominated under drier conditions, revealing a shift in the processes regulating soil functioning. The minimum data set varied between cycles, demonstrating the environmental dependency of the SQI components. Overall, biochar improved soil resilience by enhancing nutrient retention and buffering crop response to water limitation, and the integrative SQI approach effectively captured these functional changes. Full article
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