Effect of Nb on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Novel Powder Metallurgy Superalloys during Long-Term Thermal Exposure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Microstructural Evolution
4.1.1. Grain Size Evolution during Exposure
4.1.2. Shape Change of γ′ Precipitates
4.1.3. γ′ Coarsening
4.2. Mechanical Property Variation
4.2.1. Precipitate Strengthening
4.2.2. Solid Solution Strengthening
4.2.3. Grain Boundary Strengthening
4.2.4. Orowan Strengthening
4.2.5. Yield Strength
5. Conclusions
- During long-term thermal exposure at 800 °C, the average grain size of both the 0Nb and 1Nb alloys did not change while the γ′ precipitate coarsened visibly. The morphology of γ′ changed from near-spherical to cuboidal shape in both alloys where the 1Nb alloy showed the tendency earlier because Nb addition enlarged the γ/γ′ lattice misfit. With Nb addition, the diffusion coefficients of Al and Nb in the γ matrix increased, resulting a larger coarsening rate in the 1Nb alloy. The γ′ content of the 1Nb alloy is about 4% more than the 0Nb alloy because of Nb addition.
- The Vickers hardness declined gradually in both alloys with exposure time increasing, which is because the strengthening provided by γ′, including σp and σOro, decreased obviously with γ′ coarsening. Based on the compositional and microstructural theoretical calculating, the calculated values σy are in good agreement with the experimental values . The precipitate strengthening has the greatest enhancement in the yield strength at room temperature. Solid solution strengthening and grain boundary strengthening, contributing to the yield strength at ambient temperature, were founded to remain unchanged during long-term thermal exposure.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloys | Ni | Nb | Al | Ti | Ta | Co | Cr | Mo | W | C | B | Zr | Hf |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0Nb | Bal. | - | 3.04 | 3.05 | 3.99 | 20.3 | 12.1 | 3.06 | 1.98 | 0.052 | 0.012 | 0.072 | 0.11 |
1Nb | Bal. | 0.95 | 3.11 | 2.92 | 3.82 | 20.6 | 12.5 | 3.04 | 2.0 | 0.07 | 0.056 | 0.022 | 0.18 |
Parameters | Ni | Co | Cr | Mo | W | Al | Ti | Ta | Nb | Hf | Zr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0Nb xi | 0.233349 | 0.156995 | 0.126712 | 0.016906 | 0.004792 | 0.011208 | 0.002071 | 0.000676 | 0.000000 | 0.000005 | 0.000015 |
0Nb x′i | 0.284871 | 0.042305 | 0.006538 | 0.001013 | 0.001478 | 0.054483 | 0.034979 | 0.011237 | 0.000000 | 0.000104 | 0.000054 |
1Nb xi | 0.202726 | 0.150001 | 0.124994 | 0.014903 | 0.004534 | 0.009495 | 0.001539 | 0.000505 | 0.000204 | 0.000006 | 0.000004 |
1Nb x′i | 0.298121 | 0.046418 | 0.006645 | 0.000959 | 0.001524 | 0.057644 | 0.033818 | 0.010769 | 0.005393 | 0.000147 | 0.000017 |
Vi | - | 0.0196 | 0.11 | 0.478 | 0.444 | 0.179 | 0.422 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.031 | 0.966 |
V′i | 0.0126 | −0.004 | −0.004 | 0.208 | 0.194 | - | 0.258 | 0.5 | 0.46 | 0.777 | 0.706 |
βiγ | - | 39.4 | 337 | 1015 | 997 | 225 | 775 | 1191 | 1183 | 1401 | 2359 |
βiγ′ | - | - | 11 | 41.88 | 40 | - | 18.3 | 78.33 | 56 | 159 | 163.7 |
Alloys | aγRT | aγ′ RT | aγ | aγ′ | δ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0Nb | 3.55460 | 3.58864 | 3.61504 | 3.64173 | 0.73561% |
1Nb | 3.55268 | 3.59075 | 3.61313 | 3.64384 | 0.84632% |
AGS (μm) | 0 h | 100 h | 200 h | 500 h | 1000 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0Nb | 20.53 | 19.84 | 20.48 | 20.52 | 20.57 |
1Nb | 21.99 | 22.90 | 22.16 | 22.85 | 22.03 |
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Zhou, D.; Ye, X.; Teng, J.; Li, C.; Li, Y. Effect of Nb on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Novel Powder Metallurgy Superalloys during Long-Term Thermal Exposure. Materials 2021, 14, 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030656
Zhou D, Ye X, Teng J, Li C, Li Y. Effect of Nb on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Novel Powder Metallurgy Superalloys during Long-Term Thermal Exposure. Materials. 2021; 14(3):656. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030656
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Dingmao, Xianjue Ye, Jianwei Teng, Chao Li, and Yunping Li. 2021. "Effect of Nb on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Novel Powder Metallurgy Superalloys during Long-Term Thermal Exposure" Materials 14, no. 3: 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030656