Effective Microorganism (EM) Technology for Lake Conservation and Water Quality Restoration †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Effective Microorganisms Activated Solution (EMAS)
2.2. TeMo Decomposer (TeMo)
2.3. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Bacteria and Fungus Identification
3.2. Lake Water Treatment Results
3.3. pH
3.4. Dissolved Oxygen
3.5. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
3.6. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
3.7. Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N)
3.8. Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
3.9. Turbidity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Type of EM & Dosages (mL) | EMAS | TeMo | LAB | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 20 | |
After Treatment results at Point 1 | |||||||||
WQI | 90.79 | 88.18 | 86.40 | 92.86 | 90.54 | 90.22 | 83.9 | 82.18 | 80.67 |
Class | II | II | II | II | II | II | II | II | II |
After Treatment results at Point 2 | |||||||||
WQI | 89.83 | 87.57 | 87.51 | 87.76 | 87.13 | 84.55 | 81.63 | 79.9 | 77.47 |
Class | II | II | II | II | II | II | II | II | II |
After Treatment results at Point 3 | |||||||||
WQI | 84.44 | 82.3 | 81.52 | 83.34 | 81.18 | 80.68 | 78.52 | 76.43 | 73.35 |
Class | II | II | II | II | II | II | II | III | III |
After Treatment results at Point 4 | |||||||||
WQI | 91.41 | 88.99 | 88.97 | 88.4 | 87.34 | 86.65 | 83.87 | 83.3 | 82.64 |
Class | II | II | II | II | II | II | II | II | II |
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Zakarya, I.A.; Mazwin, N.A.; Izhar, T.N.T.; Hilmi, N.A.M.; Mohamad, M. Effective Microorganism (EM) Technology for Lake Conservation and Water Quality Restoration. Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033001
Zakarya IA, Mazwin NA, Izhar TNT, Hilmi NAM, Mohamad M. Effective Microorganism (EM) Technology for Lake Conservation and Water Quality Restoration. Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings. 2025; 33(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033001
Chicago/Turabian StyleZakarya, Irnis Azura, Nursyazarena Azwa Mazwin, Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar, Nur Adlina Mohd Hilmi, and Muna’amirah Mohamad. 2025. "Effective Microorganism (EM) Technology for Lake Conservation and Water Quality Restoration" Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings 33, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033001
APA StyleZakarya, I. A., Mazwin, N. A., Izhar, T. N. T., Hilmi, N. A. M., & Mohamad, M. (2025). Effective Microorganism (EM) Technology for Lake Conservation and Water Quality Restoration. Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings, 33(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033001