Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment for Enhancing Biomethane Production from Agro-Industrial, Agricultural and Catch Crop Biomasses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Feedstocks and Inoculum
2.2. Extrusion Pretreatment
2.3. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP)
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.4.1. Sample Preparation for Analysis
2.4.2. Fiber Composition
2.4.3. Granulometry and Tapped Density
2.4.4. Cellulose Crystallinity
2.5. Data Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Description of the Twin-Screw Extrusion Pretreatments
3.2. Effect of the Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment on the Chemical Composition of Biomasses
3.3. Effect of the Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment on Granulometry
3.4. Effect of the Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment on Tapped Density
3.5. Effect of the Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment on Cellulose Crystallinity
3.6. Effect of the Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment on BMP Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Raw Material | SB | WT | CS | WS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Screw Profile | SE | HE | SE | HE | SE | HER | SE | HER | |
Measured parameters | Material temperature range in module 7 (°C) | 18–22 | 31–36 | 26–27 | 30–34 | 32–34 | 28–42 | 27–32 | 58–63 |
Motor current range (A) | 14–15 | 16–25 | 27–35 | 41–47 | 11–19 | 27–37 | 13–21 | 27–30 | |
Substrate | Dry matter content (%) | 27.8 ± 0.2 | 28.2 ± 1.0 | 21.1 ± 0.2 | 21.1 ± 0.2 | 69.3 ± 1.0 | 89.6 ± 0.1 | 77.0 ± 1.1 | 88.5 ± 0.1 |
Inlet flow rate (kg/h) | 19.2 ± 3.1 | 26.0 ± 3.3 | 26.5 ± 3.8 | 17.5 ± 2.8 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | |
Dry inlet flow rate (kg/h) | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | |
Liquid | Water inlet flow rate (kg/h) | - | - | - | - | - | 5.0 | - | 8.5 |
Water-to-dry matter ratio | - | - | - | - | - | 85/15 | - | 82/18 | |
Extrudate | Dry matter content (%) | 30.6 ± 0.3 | 43.6 ± 1.2 | 23.6 ± 0.3 | 63.4 ± 0.3 | 75.3 ± 0.6 | 82.3 ± 0.1 | 81.6 ± 0.4 | 76.3 ± 0.3 |
Outlet flow rate (kg/h) | 17.4 ± 2.8 | 13.4 ± 1.8 | 23.6 ± 3.2 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | |
Dry outlet flow rate (kg/h) | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | |
Filtrate | Dry matter content (%) | - | 12.7 ± 0.8 | - | 7.3 ± 0.0 | - | 1.9 ± 0.0 | - | 1.9 ± 0.0 |
Outlet flow rate (kg/h) | - | 11.0 ± 2.5 | - | 8.1 ± 0.6 | - | 4.7 ± 0.2 | - | 7.6 ± 0.3 | |
Dry outlet flow rate (kg/h) | - | 1.4 ± 0.3 | - | 0.6 ± 0.0 | - | 0.1 ± 0.0 | - | 0.1 ± 0.0 |
SB | WT | CS | WS | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CM | SE | HE | CM | SE | HE | CM | SE | HER | CM | SE | HER | |
TS 2 (%FM 1) | 28.2 ± 0.3 a | 28.8 ± 0.3 a | 43.6 ± 1.1 b | 21.1 ± 0.2 a | 23.6 ± 0.3 b | 63.4 ± 0.3 c | 89.6 ± 0.1 a | 75.3 ± 0.6 b | 82.3 ± 0.1 c | 88.5 ± 0.1 a | 81.6 ± 0.4 b | 76.3 ± 0.3 c |
VS 3 (%FM 1) | 27.2 ± 0.3 a | 27.8 ± 0.3 a | 42.5 ± 1.1 b | 18.9 ± 0.2 a | 21.5 ± 0.2 b | 59.6 ± 0.3 c | 86.5 ± 0.1 a | 72.7 ± 0.6 b | 80.8 ± 0.1 c | 85.0 ± 0.1 a | 78.4 ± 0.4 b | 75.1 ± 0.3 c |
Ash (%FM 1) | 1.0 ± 0.0 a | 1.0 ± 0.0 a | 1.2 ± 0.0 b | 2.2 ± 0.0 a | 2.1 ± 0.0 b | 3.8 ± 0.0 c | 3.1 ± 0.0 a | 2.6 ± 0.0 b | 1.5 ± 0.2 c | 3.5 ± 0.1 a | 3.2 ± 0.1 b | 1.2 ± 0.0 c |
Extractables (%TS 2) | 28.4 ± 0.7 a | 25.8 ± 0.3 b | 22.3 ± 0.2 c | 25.2 ± 0.0 a | 20.5 ± 0.1 b | 10.0 ± 0.1 c | 18.6 ± 0.1 a | 18.1 ± 0.3 a | 5.3 ± 0.0 b | 10.7 ± 0.0 a | 9.9 ± 0.1 b | 5.2 ± 0.3 c |
Cellulose (%TS 2) | 29.9 ± 0.7 a | 29.6 ± 0.5 a | 32.0 ± 0.4 b | 27.1 ± 0.1 a | 31.6 ± 0.2 b | 34.9 ± 1.8 c | 31.7 ± 1.6 a | 33.3 ± 0.0 a | 40.7 ± 1.0 b | 34.3 ± 0.2 a | 33.6 ± 0.1 b | 36.2 ± 0.1 c |
Hemicelluloses (%TS 2) | 17.0 ± 0.7 a | 19.7 ± 0.6 b | 18.0 ± 0.4 c | 24.6 ± 0.1 a | 21.3 ± 0.1 b | 23.4 ± 1.1 c | 18.8 ± 0.5 a | 18.6 ± 0.0 a | 22.3 ± 0.6 b | 19.3 ± 0.1 a | 19.2 ± 0.0 a | 20.9 ± 0.1 b |
Klason lignin (%TS 2) | 15.5 ± 0.2 a | 16.2 ± 0.1 b | 16.7 ± 0.2 c | 17.8 ± 0.5 a | 19.1 ± 0.2 b | 24.2 ± 0.0 c | 17.3 ± 0.3 a | 17.5 ± 0.1 a | 20.5 ± 0.3 b | 22.6 ± 0.1 a | 22.9 ± 0.1 b | 24.6 ± 0.2 c |
Residual chemicals (%TS 2) | 9.2 ± 0.2 a | 8.8 ± 0.1 b | 10.9 ± 0.2 c | 5.4 ± 0.4 a | 7.5 ± 0.2 b | 7.4 ± 0.0 b | 13.7 ± 0.3 a | 12.5 ± 0.1 b | 11.3 ± 0.3 c | 13.1 ± 0.1 a | 14.3 ± 0.1 b | 13.3 ± 0.2 a |
SB | WT | CS | WS | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CM | SE | HE | CM | SE | HE | CM | SE | HER | CM | SE | HER | |
Tapped density (kg/m3) | 21.0 ± 0.9 a | 57.5 ± 0.8 b | 110.6 ± 1.1 c | 11.6 ± 1.4 a | 55.3 ± 1.4 b | 62.9 ± 1.3 c | 28.7 ± 0.8 a | 69.2 ± 1.1 b | 200.3 ± 1.7 c | 14.7 ± 0.2 a | 38.7 ± 0.0 b | 124.0 ± 0.5 c |
Cellulose crystallinity (%) | 29.2 ± 1.2 a | 27.3 ± 0. 5 a | 28.0 ± 0.1 a | 52.4 ± 0.4 a | 52.3 ± 1.6 a | 53.9 ± 0.4 a | 67.5 ± 2.1 a | 64.2 ± 0.8 ab | 58.9 ± 1.4 b | 55.5 ± 0.6 a | 53.7 ± 1.1 a | 56.4 ± 1.3 a |
Biomass | SB | WT | CS | WS | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretreament | CM | SE | HE | CM | SE | HE | CM | SE | HER | CM | SE | HER |
Experimental BMP (NmL/gVS) | 345 ± 16 a | 345 ± 7 a | 338 ± 2 a | 233 ± 4 a | 247 ± 2 a | 242 ± 6 a | 272 ± 5 ab | 286 ± 3 a | 264 ± 9 b | 249 ± 17 ab | 270 ± 2 a | 247 ± 0 b |
BMPth adjusted (NmL/gVS) | 395 | 388 | 375 | 356 | 346 | 362 | 366 | 369 | 350 | 352 | 343 | 346 |
BI (%) | 87 | 89 | 90 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 74 | 78 | 75 | 71 | 79 | 71 |
B (NmL/gVS) | 339 | 336 | 330 | 229 | 244 | 241 | 268 | 284 | 259 | 244 | 265 | 242 |
Rm (NmL/gVS.day) | 31 | 39 | 56 | 18 | 28 | 30 | 15 | 17 | 31 | 14 | 17 | 24 |
λ (day) | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 1.28 | 1.33 | 1.03 | 0.83 | 1.08 | 1.43 | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.80 |
R2 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 |
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Chevalier, A.; Evon, P.; Monlau, F.; Vandenbossche, V.; Sambusiti, C. Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment for Enhancing Biomethane Production from Agro-Industrial, Agricultural and Catch Crop Biomasses. Waste 2023, 1, 497-514. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020030
Chevalier A, Evon P, Monlau F, Vandenbossche V, Sambusiti C. Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment for Enhancing Biomethane Production from Agro-Industrial, Agricultural and Catch Crop Biomasses. Waste. 2023; 1(2):497-514. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020030
Chicago/Turabian StyleChevalier, Arthur, Philippe Evon, Florian Monlau, Virginie Vandenbossche, and Cecilia Sambusiti. 2023. "Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment for Enhancing Biomethane Production from Agro-Industrial, Agricultural and Catch Crop Biomasses" Waste 1, no. 2: 497-514. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020030