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Volume 11
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10.3390/jcdd11020061
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Review

Advanced Heart Failure: Therapeutic Options and Challenges in the Evolving Field of Left Ventricular Assist Devices

by
Michael Antonopoulos
1,2,
Michael J. Bonios
1,3,
Stavros Dimopoulos
2,*,
Evangelos Leontiadis
1,
Aggeliki Gouziouta
1,
Nektarios Kogerakis
1,
Antigone Koliopoulou
1,3,
Dimitris Elaiopoulos
2,
Ioannis Vlahodimitris
1,
Maria Chronaki
2,
Themistocles Chamogeorgakis
1,
Stavros G. Drakos
3 and
Stamatis Adamopoulos
1
1
Heart Failure, Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support Units, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
2
Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
3
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(2), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020061
Submission received: 5 January 2024 / Revised: 6 February 2024 / Accepted: 9 February 2024 / Published: 16 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of JCDD—Modern Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation)
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Abstract

Heart Failure is a chronic and progressively deteriorating syndrome that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Improved outcomes have been achieved with novel drugs and devices. However, the number of patients refractory to conventional medical therapy is growing. These advanced heart failure patients suffer from severe symptoms and frequent hospitalizations and have a dismal prognosis, with a significant socioeconomic burden in health care systems. Patients in this group may be eligible for advanced heart failure therapies, including heart transplantation and chronic mechanical circulatory support with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Heart transplantation remains the treatment of choice for eligible candidates, but the number of transplants worldwide has reached a plateau and is limited by the shortage of donor organs and prolonged wait times. Therefore, LVADs have emerged as an effective and durable form of therapy, and they are currently being used as a bridge to heart transplant, destination lifetime therapy, and cardiac recovery in selected patients. Although this field is evolving rapidly, LVADs are not free of complications, making appropriate patient selection and management by experienced centers imperative for successful therapy. Here, we review current LVAD technology, indications for durable MCS therapy, and strategies for timely referral to advanced heart failure centers before irreversible end-organ abnormalities.
Keywords: advanced heart failure; left ventricular assist devices; mechanical circulatory support advanced heart failure; left ventricular assist devices; mechanical circulatory support

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MDPI and ACS Style

Antonopoulos, M.; Bonios, M.J.; Dimopoulos, S.; Leontiadis, E.; Gouziouta, A.; Kogerakis, N.; Koliopoulou, A.; Elaiopoulos, D.; Vlahodimitris, I.; Chronaki, M.; et al. Advanced Heart Failure: Therapeutic Options and Challenges in the Evolving Field of Left Ventricular Assist Devices. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020061

AMA Style

Antonopoulos M, Bonios MJ, Dimopoulos S, Leontiadis E, Gouziouta A, Kogerakis N, Koliopoulou A, Elaiopoulos D, Vlahodimitris I, Chronaki M, et al. Advanced Heart Failure: Therapeutic Options and Challenges in the Evolving Field of Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2024; 11(2):61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020061

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonopoulos, Michael, Michael J. Bonios, Stavros Dimopoulos, Evangelos Leontiadis, Aggeliki Gouziouta, Nektarios Kogerakis, Antigone Koliopoulou, Dimitris Elaiopoulos, Ioannis Vlahodimitris, Maria Chronaki, and et al. 2024. "Advanced Heart Failure: Therapeutic Options and Challenges in the Evolving Field of Left Ventricular Assist Devices" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 11, no. 2: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020061

APA Style

Antonopoulos, M., Bonios, M. J., Dimopoulos, S., Leontiadis, E., Gouziouta, A., Kogerakis, N., Koliopoulou, A., Elaiopoulos, D., Vlahodimitris, I., Chronaki, M., Chamogeorgakis, T., Drakos, S. G., & Adamopoulos, S. (2024). Advanced Heart Failure: Therapeutic Options and Challenges in the Evolving Field of Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 11(2), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020061

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