Sub-Regional Variations in Sexually Transmitted Infections Manifesting as Vaginitis among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sub-Saharan Countries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Selection and Measurement of Variables
2.2.1. Outcome
2.2.2. Independent Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethical Consideration
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Survey Year | Total Sample Size | Percentage of Women from the Total Sample Size | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (5-Year Groups) | Residence | Education (Groups) | Wealth Quintile | Marital Status | |||||||||||||||||||||
15–24 | 25–44 | 35–49 | 30–34 | 35–39 | 40–44 | 45–49 | Urban | Rural | No Education or Primary | Secondar y or Higher | Lowest | Second | Middle | Fourth | Highest | Never Married | Married | Living Together | Divorced/Separate d | Widowed | Married or Living Together | Widowed, Divorced, Separated | |||
Angola | 2015–16 DHS | 14,379 | 24 | 21.2 | 17.1 | 12.5 | 10.5 | 8.6 | 6.2 | 69.6 | 30.4 | 56.9 | 43.1 | 16.9 | 17.6 | 19.5 | 22.5 | 23.6 | 35.2 | 10.8 | 44.5 | 7.4 | 2 | 55.3 | 9.4 |
Benin | 2017–18 DHS | 15,928 | 21 | 18.4 | 18.7 | 13.8 | 11.8 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 42.4 | 57.6 | 74.9 | 25.1 | 17.2 | 19 | 19.5 | 21.4 | 22.9 | 24.4 | 55.1 | 15 | 3.4 | 2 | 70.1 | 5.5 |
Burkina Faso | 2010 DHS | 17,087 | 19.4 | 19.4 | 17.3 | 15.1 | 11.7 | 9.6 | 7.5 | 27.1 | 72.9 | 87.6 | 12.4 | 17.5 | 18.7 | 19 | 19.9 | 24.9 | 17.5 | 75.6 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 79.4 | 3.1 |
Burundi | 2016–17 DHS | 17,269 | 22.3 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 14.1 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 7 | 12.9 | 87.1 | 75.5 | 24.5 | 19.2 | 19.9 | 20 | 19.5 | 21.4 | 34.6 | 41.8 | 14.8 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 56.6 | 8.8 |
Cameroon | 2018 DHS | 14,677 | 24.3 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 14.5 | 11 | 8 | 6.6 | 55.4 | 44.6 | 47.1 | 52.9 | 16.4 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 21.6 | 23.8 | 34.5 | 43.9 | 13 | 5.9 | 2.7 | 56.9 | 8.6 |
Chad | 2014–15 DHS | 17,719 | 22.2 | 17.3 | 18.3 | 14.5 | 11.6 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 23.8 | 76.2 | 85.1 | 14.9 | 19 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 20.2 | 21.6 | 16.6 | 68.1 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 74.8 | 8.6 |
Comoros | 2012 DHS | 5329 | 24.7 | 18.7 | 16.9 | 14 | 11.8 | 8.5 | 5.5 | 33.1 | 66.9 | 50.6 | 49.1 | 16.3 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 21.1 | 22 | 32.3 | 55.6 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 0.7 | 61.2 | 6.5 |
Congo | 2011–12 DHS | 10,819 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 18.7 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 68.6 | 31.4 | 29.6 | 70.4 | 16.7 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 21.7 | 21.3 | 25.9 | 10.7 | 47.4 | 14.1 | 1.9 | 58.1 | 16 |
Congo Democratic Republic | 2013–14 DHS | 18,827 | 21.5 | 19.6 | 18.8 | 13.9 | 11.6 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 38.4 | 61.6 | 52.3 | 47.7 | 18.6 | 19.1 | 18.6 | 19.4 | 24.3 | 26 | 46.5 | 17.7 | 7.5 | 2.2 | 64.2 | 9.7 |
Cote d’Ivoire | 2011–12 DHS | 10,060 | 20.1 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 15 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 6.7 | 51.4 | 48.6 | 78.6 | 21.4 | 17.6 | 17.3 | 18.2 | 20.8 | 26.2 | 30.2 | 39.3 | 23.4 | 4.9 | 2.2 | 62.7 | 7.1 |
Eswatini | 2006–07 DHS | 4987 | 25.5 | 21 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 10.1 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 26.7 | 73.3 | 40.7 | 59.3 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.4 | 22.3 | 25.3 | 49.9 | 31.9 | 9.5 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 41.3 | 8.8 |
Ethiopia | 2016 DHS | 15,683 | 21.6 | 17.6 | 18.9 | 15 | 12.3 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 22.2 | 77.8 | 82.8 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 17.9 | 19 | 19.8 | 26.5 | 25.7 | 63.9 | 1.3 | 6.3 | 2.7 | 65.2 | 9.1 |
Gabon | 2012 DHS | 8422 | 21.2 | 19.4 | 17.6 | 14.4 | 11.7 | 8.9 | 6.8 | 88.6 | 11.4 | 25.6 | 74.4 | 14.5 | 19.3 | 21.2 | 22.3 | 22.7 | 36.2 | 19 | 34.2 | 9.1 | 1.6 | 53.1 | 10.7 |
Gambia | 2019–20 DHS | 11,865 | 22.2 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 8.7 | 6 | 73.7 | 26.3 | 50.3 | 49.7 | 16.8 | 18 | 19.3 | 21.8 | 24 | 31.2 | 63.2 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 63.4 | 5.4 |
Ghana | 2014 DHS | 9396 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 17.1 | 14.6 | 13.8 | 11 | 9.1 | 53.8 | 46.2 | 36.9 | 63.1 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 20.6 | 22.5 | 23.3 | 32.9 | 42.2 | 14.4 | 7.7 | 2.7 | 56.6 | 10.4 |
Guinea | 2018 DHS | 10,874 | 24 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 13.2 | 12.1 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 37.6 | 62.4 | 80.4 | 19.6 | 18.9 | 19.7 | 18.9 | 19.8 | 22.7 | 25.2 | 68.8 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 71.1 | 3.7 |
Kenya | 2014 DHS | 31,079 | 18.7 | 18.5 | 19.6 | 14.5 | 12.1 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 40.8 | 59.2 | 57.3 | 42.7 | 15.6 | 17.6 | 19.4 | 21.1 | 26.4 | 28.9 | 54.6 | 5.1 | 7.7 | 3.7 | 59.7 | 11.4 |
Lesotho | 2014 DHS | 6621 | 21.7 | 20 | 16.5 | 14.5 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 36.5 | 63.5 | 39.6 | 60.4 | 14.5 | 15.6 | 18.8 | 24.2 | 26.9 | 33.1 | 53.6 | 1 | 5.4 | 7 | 54.6 | 12.4 |
Liberia | 2019–20 DHS | 8065 | 20.5 | 18.7 | 17 | 13.8 | 12.6 | 9.5 | 7.8 | 62.3 | 37.7 | 54.4 | 45.6 | 17.1 | 17.7 | 18.8 | 22.7 | 23.7 | 38.8 | 25.6 | 26.6 | 7.2 | 1.7 | 52.3 | 8.9 |
Madagascar | 2008–09 DHS | 17,375 | 22.8 | 16.2 | 15.9 | 14.4 | 12.3 | 10 | 8.5 | 17.3 | 82.7 | 67.9 | 32.1 | 18 | 18.2 | 18.9 | 20.1 | 24.8 | 18.1 | 60.5 | 8.8 | 10.7 | 1.9 | 69.3 | 12.6 |
Malawi | 2015–16 DHS | 24,562 | 21.4 | 21 | 16.1 | 14.9 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 18.3 | 81.7 | 74.2 | 25.8 | 19.3 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 19.1 | 23.7 | 21 | 61.7 | 4 | 10.4 | 2.9 | 65.7 | 13.3 |
Mali | 2018 DHS | 10,519 | 20 | 18 | 19.1 | 15.3 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 6 | 26.3 | 73.7 | 78.7 | 21.3 | 17.5 | 18.8 | 19.1 | 21.1 | 23.4 | 16 | 80.7 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 81.4 | 2.6 |
Mauritania | 2019–21 DHS | 15,714 | 23.5 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 14 | 11.9 | 9.4 | 7.3 | 51.2 | 48.8 | 71.3 | 28.7 | 17.2 | 18.2 | 20 | 22.1 | 22.5 | 26.6 | 62.5 | 9.4 | 1.5 | 62.5 | 10.8 | |
Mozambique | 2015 AIS | 7749 | 21.6 | 20 | 15.7 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 35.2 | 64.8 | 77.2 | 22.8 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 18.2 | 20.6 | 23 | 17 | 36.9 | 29.1 | 12.8 | 4.1 | 66 | 16.9 |
Namibia | 2013 DHS | 10,018 | 20.8 | 19.5 | 16.2 | 13.7 | 12.1 | 10 | 7.7 | 56.6 | 43.4 | 24.2 | 75.8 | 15.6 | 17.7 | 19.6 | 23.1 | 24.1 | 59.5 | 17.9 | 16.1 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 34 | 6.5 |
Niger | 2012 DHS | 11,160 | 16.4 | 17.8 | 20.4 | 16.6 | 12.9 | 8.9 | 7 | 18.8 | 81.2 | 91.4 | 8.5 | 18.1 | 18.8 | 19.7 | 20.6 | 22.8 | 7.9 | 88.4 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 88.5 | 3.6 |
Nigeria | 2018 DHS | 41,821 | 20.2 | 16.3 | 17.3 | 14.8 | 13.1 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 45.8 | 54.2 | 49.4 | 50.6 | 17.3 | 19.2 | 19.6 | 21.5 | 22.4 | 25.2 | 67.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 69.6 | 5.2 |
Rwanda | 2019–20 DHS | 14,634 | 22.3 | 16.5 | 14.2 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 10.2 | 8.3 | 19.9 | 80.1 | 67.7 | 32.3 | 18.7 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 20.3 | 23.3 | 40.4 | 32.1 | 18.4 | 6.4 | 2.6 | 50.6 | 9 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 2008–09 DHS | 2615 | 21.2 | 17.6 | 17.3 | 15.2 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 54.8 | 45.2 | 63.9 | 36.1 | 17.7 | 19.7 | 18.2 | 21.3 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 3.6 | 62.1 | 10.8 | 0.3 | 65.7 | 11.1 |
Senegal | 2017 DHS | 16,787 | 22.2 | 18.3 | 16.7 | 15.4 | 11.2 | 9.4 | 6.7 | 49.7 | 50.3 | 69.2 | 30.8 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 21.3 | 24.7 | 30.3 | 64.8 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.9 | 64.9 | 4.8 |
Sierra Leone | 2019 DHS | 15,574 | 22 | 16.9 | 17.5 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 46 | 54 | 59 | 41 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 19 | 21.7 | 23.5 | 32.5 | 58.5 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 62.4 | 5.1 |
South Africa | 2016 DHS | 8514 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 17 | 15.7 | 12.6 | 11 | 10.4 | 67.3 | 32.7 | 11.1 | 88.9 | 19.4 | 20.1 | 21.2 | 20.7 | 18.6 | 58.6 | 23.3 | 12.5 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 35.8 | 5.5 |
Tanzania | 2011–12 DHS | 19,319 | 22 | 17.2 | 17.3 | 13.7 | 13.1 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 27 | 73 | 82.5 | 17.5 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 20.6 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 55.6 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 3.2 | 63 | 11.5 |
Togo | 2013–14 DHS | 9480 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 17.8 | 15 | 13.7 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 45.4 | 54.6 | 65.2 | 34.8 | 16.6 | 16.9 | 18.2 | 22.8 | 25.5 | 26.8 | 51.4 | 14.9 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 66.3 | 6.9 |
Uganda | 2016 DHS | 18,506 | 23 | 20.7 | 16.5 | 13.7 | 10.9 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 26.7 | 73.3 | 67.1 | 32.9 | 17.5 | 18.4 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 25.5 | 25.8 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 10.7 | 2.8 | 60.6 | 13.5 |
Zambia | 2018 DHS | 13,683 | 21.9 | 20 | 16.4 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 9.2 | 6.6 | 46.6 | 53.4 | 52 | 48 | 17.8 | 17.4 | 18.1 | 22 | 24.6 | 31.2 | 55.4 | 0.5 | 10 | 2.9 | 55.9 | 12.9 |
Zimbabwe | 2015 DHS | 9955 | 22.1 | 17 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 12.4 | 9.7 | 5.9 | 38.5 | 61.5 | 27.1 | 72.9 | 17.1 | 17 | 17.6 | 23.2 | 25.1 | 25.2 | 58.7 | 3.1 | 8.6 | 4.4 | 61.8 | 13 |
Country | Age (Grouped) | Residence | Education (2 Groups) | Wealth Quintile | Marital Status | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15–24 | 25–34 | 35–49 | Urban | Rural | No Education or Primary | Secondary or Higher | Lowest | Second | Middle | Fourth | Highest | Never Married | Married or Living Together | Widowed, Divorced, Separated | |
Angola | 6.8 | 8 | 4.1 | 8.3 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 10 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 9.9 | 7.7 | 6.1 | 4.9 |
Benin | 7.5 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 7.3 |
Burkina Faso | 3.4 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 3 | 6.3 | 2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 3.2 | 2.2 |
Burundi | 2.8 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 5.4 | 3 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Cameroon | 4.6 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 5.6 |
Chad | 1.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
Comoros | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 |
Congo | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 6.5 | 4 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 6 | 4.5 |
Congo Democratic Republic | 9.8 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 12 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 10.8 | 7.2 | 8 | 7.2 | 9.2 | 13.4 | 11.3 | 8.7 | 8.4 |
Cote d’Ivoire | 9.3 | 8.3 | 4.8 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 9.9 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 7.2 | 5.6 |
Eswatini | 5.7 | 8.3 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 3.5 |
Ethiopia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Gabon | 6.4 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 6.6 | 7 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 8.1 | 8.8 |
Gambia | 2.3 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 4 | 0.6 | 2 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
Ghana | 7.7 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 4.1 | 7.4 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
Guinea | 13.7 | 13.5 | 11.3 | 14.4 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 14.1 | 10.9 | 12 | 12.8 | 15.4 | 13 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 9 |
Kenya | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
Lesotho | 1.7 | 4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 2.3 |
Liberia | 33.7 | 37.3 | 28.3 | 36.9 | 27.1 | 29.4 | 37.6 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 32.2 | 37.6 | 38.8 | 34.8 | 32.7 | 30.1 |
Madagascar | 2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.3 |
Malawi | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
Mali | 12.9 | 15.6 | 11.9 | 19.8 | 11.5 | 12.6 | 18.1 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 13.6 | 19.8 | 16.6 | 13.5 | 10.3 |
Mauritania | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 3 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 2.3 | |
Mozambique | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5.7 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
Namibia | 3.9 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.7 |
Niger | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.7 | 2 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 1 |
Nigeria | 7.9 | 8.3 | 7 | 8.7 | 7 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 5.8 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 8 | 7.5 | 9.9 | 7.4 | 8 |
Rwanda | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 6.8 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 6.9 | 9.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 5.9 | 9 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
Senegal | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 2.7 |
Sierra Leone | 12.3 | 13.8 | 9.6 | 15.3 | 9.2 | 10.6 | 14 | 8 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 13.9 | 11.3 | 10.5 |
South Africa | 5 | 7.1 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 7.1 |
Tanzania | 2.6 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 3.9 |
Togo | 3.2 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.4 |
Uganda | 10.4 | 14.2 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 9.3 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 12.9 | 11.8 | 7.4 | 12.4 | 11.7 |
Zambia | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.5 |
Zimbabwe | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2 | 3.2 |
Country | Age (Grouped) | Residence | Education (2 Groups) | Wealth Quintile | Marital Status | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15–24 | 25–34 | 35–49 | Urban | Rural | No Education or Primary | Secondary or Higher | Lowest | Second | Middle | Fourth | Highest | Never married | Married or Living Together | Widowed, Divorced, Separated | |
Angola | 9.3 | 9.6 | 7 | 10.3 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 11.3 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 10.2 | 8 | 9 |
Benin | 14.7 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 14.6 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 15.2 | 11.9 | 10.6 |
Burkina Faso | 9.6 | 8.8 | 6.2 | 11.9 | 7 | 7.5 | 14.8 | 6 | 6.9 | 6 | 9 | 12.2 | 12.9 | 8 | 7.2 |
Burundi | 6.3 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 7.8 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 7.9 |
Cameroon | 17.5 | 15.4 | 12.5 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 14.2 | 16.2 | 11.2 | 18.1 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 14.5 | 15.5 |
Chad | 8.6 | 12.6 | 8.9 | 12.9 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 13.5 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 10 | 9.5 |
Comoros | 11.2 | 9.8 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 16 | 8.5 | 6.3 |
Congo | 16.3 | 18 | 13.7 | 19.8 | 8.4 | 11.3 | 18.2 | 8.9 | 14.2 | 16.6 | 20.7 | 18.8 | 18 | 15.3 | 17 |
Congo Democratic Republic | 13.7 | 12.6 | 10.5 | 14.9 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 13.5 | 11.3 | 12 | 10 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 14.2 | 12.1 | 11.4 |
Cote d’Ivoire | 26.9 | 24.2 | 18.8 | 23.7 | 23.5 | 22.7 | 27.2 | 21.3 | 24.7 | 24 | 23.5 | 24.2 | 29 | 21.6 | 23.5 |
Eswatini | 8.1 | 8 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 8.6 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 3.6 |
Ethiopia | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Gabon | 20.9 | 22.9 | 18.2 | 21.3 | 17.2 | 18.3 | 21.7 | 18.5 | 20.2 | 22.7 | 22.5 | 19.3 | 18.5 | 21.9 | 21.3 |
Gambia | 12.7 | 13 | 6.9 | 11.8 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 14.4 | 7.7 | 10.3 | 11 | 11.9 | 12.1 | 16.3 | 10.3 | 9.9 |
Ghana | 32.9 | 22.7 | 15.8 | 24.8 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 24.1 | 24.1 | 19.4 | 23.1 | 24.4 | 21.9 | 33.3 | 19.6 | 18.3 |
Guinea | 34.9 | 34.1 | 24.2 | 35.1 | 28.7 | 30.1 | 35.4 | 24 | 29.2 | 27.9 | 39 | 34.4 | 34 | 30.9 | 22 |
Kenya | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 4.9 |
Lesotho | 11.6 | 12.7 | 11 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 11.5 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 13.3 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 11.2 |
Liberia | 42 | 41.9 | 34.3 | 42.3 | 35 | 36.3 | 43.3 | 36.4 | 34.5 | 41.3 | 43.1 | 40.8 | 41.3 | 38.9 | 36.5 |
Madagascar | 4.2 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
Malawi | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 7 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 7.2 |
Mali | 29.2 | 30.1 | 24.1 | 29.4 | 27.5 | 27.3 | 31 | 25.7 | 28.8 | 26.3 | 29 | 29.7 | 29.2 | 28.2 | 17.7 |
Mauritania | 19.6 | 22.7 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 23.4 | 22.3 | 18.9 | 23.8 | 23.7 | 23.7 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 21.5 | 21.8 | |
Mozambique | 5.7 | 5 | 3.9 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 8.6 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 4.2 |
Namibia | 8 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 7.6 | 5 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 6 | 8 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 8.1 |
Niger | 5.4 | 5.6 | 4 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 7.1 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5 | 5.4 | 12.6 | 5.2 | 2.1 |
Nigeria | 12.4 | 11.9 | 9 | 10.4 | 11.4 | 11 | 11 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 10.5 | 9.5 | 14.4 | 10.7 | 9.4 |
Rwanda | 10.7 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 13.2 | 10.6 | 11 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 12.3 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 10.9 | 12.9 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 11.6 | 16.9 | 9.2 | 12 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 13 | 14.2 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 13.6 | 15 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 12.8 |
Senegal | 14.7 | 14.9 | 11.9 | 14.7 | 13 | 13.4 | 15.3 | 11.3 | 14.7 | 11.4 | 16.3 | 15 | 12.3 | 14.1 | 10.9 |
Sierra Leone | 18.9 | 18 | 14.4 | 19.1 | 15.4 | 15.7 | 19.2 | 12.8 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 19 | 16.4 | 16 |
South Africa | 10.7 | 9.4 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
Tanzania | 5.5 | 6 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5 | 6.4 |
Togo | 17.1 | 14.9 | 10 | 14.5 | 13.2 | 12.6 | 16.4 | 14.8 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 15.1 | 18.5 | 13.1 | 9.5 |
Uganda | 13.8 | 17.6 | 13.8 | 16.8 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 15.9 | 11.8 | 15.2 | 15.8 | 15.7 | 16.6 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 16 |
Zambia | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
Zimbabwe | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 5.3 |
Country | Age (Grouped) | Residence | Education (2 Groups) | Wealth Quintile | Marital Status | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15–24 | 25–34 | 35–49 | Urban | Rural | No Education or Primary | Secondary or Higher | Lowest | Second | Middle | Fourth | Highest | Never Married | Married or Living Together | Widowed, Divorced, Separated | |
Angola | 4 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 4.5 |
Benin | 7.5 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 6 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 2.1 |
Burkina Faso | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 3 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 3 | 3.4 |
Burundi | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 5 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 6 |
Cameroon | 5.2 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 4 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5 | 4.2 | 5.3 |
Chad | 2.2 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 4 |
Comoros | 6.9 | 7.2 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 13.3 | 5.5 | 4.3 |
Congo | 8.6 | 8.8 | 7.1 | 9.9 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 9 | 4.6 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 7.6 | 8.7 |
Congo Democratic Republic | 9.1 | 8 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8 | 8 |
Cote d’Ivoire | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 6 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5 | 5.8 |
Eswatini | 7.5 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 7.7 | 9.6 | 5.1 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 6.1 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 8.3 | 5.2 |
Ethiopia | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 2.2 |
Gabon | 7.2 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7 | 8.4 | 6.7 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6.3 | 7.6 | 6.9 |
Gambia | 8.3 | 8.7 | 5.6 | 8.4 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 6 | 6.9 | 9.8 | 9 | 10.4 | 7.4 | 5.3 |
Ghana | 14.4 | 9.7 | 7.6 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 6.8 | 14.3 | 8.8 | 9.1 |
Guinea | 8.4 | 9.4 | 6 | 7 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 9.2 | 8.1 | 8 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 8.3 | 5.8 |
Kenya | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
Lesotho | 3.4 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 5 | 4.5 |
Liberia | 33.3 | 31.7 | 24.3 | 33.3 | 24.3 | 27 | 33.2 | 26.8 | 25.8 | 29 | 32.6 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 27.9 | 28.2 |
Madagascar | 1.1 | 1 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.7 |
Malawi | 9.2 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 10 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 7.6 | 10.1 | 11.1 |
Mali | 12.2 | 11.8 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 9 | 12 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 11 | 11.4 | 7.1 |
Mauritania | 11.3 | 12.5 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 9 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.5 | |
Mozambique | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2 | 3.1 | 2 | 2 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
Namibia | 4 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 6.4 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 5 | 6 |
Niger | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 6.3 | 2.9 | 1.4 |
Nigeria | 7.1 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 8.5 | 5.9 | 5.4 |
Rwanda | 5.5 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6 | 4.2 | 6 | 5.5 | 6 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 8.1 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 6.1 | 8.6 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 8.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
Senegal | 8 | 8.6 | 5.9 | 9 | 6.2 | 7 | 9.4 | 4.4 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 5.3 |
Sierra Leone | 10.2 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 11.1 | 7 | 8.1 | 9 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 8.9 | 10 |
South Africa | 4 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 6.1 |
Tanzania | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
Togo | 12.9 | 12.3 | 9.2 | 13.6 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 12.9 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 15.5 | 13.8 | 10.9 | 10 |
Uganda | 11.4 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 13.3 | 12.3 |
Zambia | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.8 |
Zimbabwe | 4.4 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 5.1 |
Country | Age (Grouped) | Residence | Education (2 Groups) | Wealth Quintile | Marital Status | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15–24 | 25–34 | 35–49 | Urban | Rural | No Education or Primary | Secondary or Higher | Lowest | Second | Middle | Fourth | Highest | Never Married | Married or Living Together | Widowed, Divorced, Separated | |
Angola | 14.5 | 15.2 | 9.9 | 15.9 | 8.1 | 10 | 18.3 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 14.2 | 15.8 | 18.8 | 15.5 | 12.6 | 13.2 |
Benin | 18.9 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 15.8 | 19.1 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 14.3 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 19.9 | 16.1 | 13.6 |
Burkina Faso | 11 | 10.9 | 8 | 14.8 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 17.1 | 7.1 | 8 | 7.6 | 10.9 | 15 | 15 | 9.7 | 8.8 |
Burundi | 10.2 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 11 | 11.9 | 8 | 11.2 | 11.3 |
Cameroon | 20.7 | 18.5 | 15.4 | 19 | 17.4 | 16.5 | 20.1 | 12.5 | 20.7 | 18.2 | 19.2 | 19.6 | 20.5 | 17.4 | 19 |
Chad | 9.7 | 14 | 10.1 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 10.7 | 16.4 | 10.6 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 11 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 11.4 | 10.1 |
Comoros | 14.1 | 12.6 | 6.7 | 8.9 | 11.7 | 10.1 | 12 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.9 | 12 | 7.3 | 21.2 | 10.8 | 7.2 |
Congo | 21.2 | 23.2 | 18.4 | 25.7 | 11.4 | 15.3 | 23.6 | 11.7 | 18.2 | 22.2 | 26.9 | 24.6 | 23.7 | 20 | 22.1 |
Congo Democratic Republic | 19.7 | 17.3 | 15.2 | 21.4 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 19.7 | 15.2 | 15.5 | 15.1 | 18.1 | 22.8 | 21.2 | 16.9 | 16.2 |
Cote d’Ivoire | 29.4 | 26.7 | 20.4 | 26.2 | 25.5 | 24.5 | 31.2 | 23.7 | 26.2 | 25.7 | 26.2 | 27.1 | 31.2 | 23.8 | 27.5 |
Eswatini | 13 | 14 | 7.8 | 9.7 | 12.4 | 14.6 | 9.4 | 14.9 | 13 | 13.4 | 11.3 | 7.5 | 10.9 | 13 | 7.5 |
Ethiopia | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 3.8 | 4.3 |
Gabon | 27 | 28.1 | 22.6 | 26.5 | 22.6 | 23.8 | 26.9 | 24.1 | 26.8 | 27.8 | 26.4 | 24.6 | 24.2 | 27 | 26 |
Gambia | 16.9 | 17.8 | 9.7 | 16.4 | 10.2 | 11.7 | 19.2 | 10.2 | 13 | 14.1 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 21.2 | 14.3 | 13 |
Ghana | 35.4 | 24.5 | 17.7 | 27.2 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 26.3 | 25.1 | 21.3 | 25.7 | 26.9 | 23.7 | 35.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 |
Guinea | 38.3 | 37.4 | 27.4 | 38.5 | 31.9 | 33.3 | 39 | 27.4 | 32.3 | 31.9 | 41.5 | 37.9 | 37.3 | 34.3 | 24.7 |
Kenya | 6 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 7.7 | 6 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 6.5 |
Lesotho | 14.2 | 16.7 | 14.5 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 15.1 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 12.6 | 16.4 | 13.7 |
Liberia | 51.2 | 51.3 | 41 | 51.6 | 42 | 43.9 | 52.8 | 42.6 | 41.9 | 50 | 52.3 | 51 | 49.8 | 47.3 | 45.4 |
Madagascar | 4.7 | 5.1 | 3 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
Malawi | 13.8 | 15.5 | 14.7 | 13.4 | 15 | 15.5 | 12.2 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 13.1 | 11.4 | 14.8 | 16.2 |
Mali | 33.4 | 33.8 | 27.7 | 34.2 | 31 | 31 | 35.4 | 30.6 | 31.5 | 29.9 | 32.2 | 34.5 | 35.1 | 31.9 | 21.9 |
Mauritania | 22.2 | 25.9 | 25.1 | 22.6 | 26.7 | 25.2 | 23 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 27.3 | 21.2 | 22.1 | 24.6 | 25.4 | |
Mozambique | 7.8 | 7.5 | 6 | 10.4 | 5.4 | 6 | 11.3 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
Namibia | 11.4 | 10.4 | 8.2 | 11 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 12.9 |
Niger | 6.6 | 7.1 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 16.1 | 6.4 | 3.2 |
Nigeria | 15.7 | 15.3 | 12.2 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 13.3 | 15.6 | 16.4 | 13.7 | 12.3 | 17.9 | 13.9 | 12.8 |
Rwanda | 13.6 | 13.7 | 12.9 | 15.6 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 11.1 | 13.4 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 16.2 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 13.6 | 20.2 | 10.2 | 14 | 16.1 | 14.6 | 15.8 | 16.4 | 12 | 12.7 | 16 | 17.3 | 14.7 | 15 | 14.6 |
Senegal | 17.8 | 18.1 | 13.4 | 17 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 18.6 | 13.5 | 17.5 | 14.8 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 15.1 | 16.6 | 13 |
Sierra Leone | 23.6 | 23 | 18.4 | 24.7 | 19.2 | 19.9 | 24.5 | 16.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 25.3 | 24.9 | 24 | 20.8 | 21 |
South Africa | 13.7 | 12.8 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 14 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 12.7 | 11.1 | 7.6 | 12.1 | 11 | 14.7 |
Tanzania | 8.4 | 9.4 | 6.6 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 10.3 |
Togo | 22.7 | 20.1 | 15 | 21.8 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 22.1 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 16.9 | 18.8 | 23.6 | 24.4 | 18.2 | 14.9 |
Uganda | 23 | 27.5 | 22.4 | 24.1 | 24.5 | 24.3 | 24.6 | 20.1 | 25.5 | 26.4 | 25.9 | 24 | 19.3 | 25.1 | 25.4 |
Zambia | 4.5 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5 | 5.3 | 5 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 4 | 5.2 | 6.5 |
Zimbabwe | 9.2 | 8 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 9.3 | 7.7 | 10 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 8.8 | 6.2 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 9.5 |
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Ekholuenetale, M.; Nzoputam, C.I.; Okonji, O.C. Sub-Regional Variations in Sexually Transmitted Infections Manifesting as Vaginitis among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sub-Saharan Countries. Venereology 2022, 1, 245-261. https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030018
Ekholuenetale M, Nzoputam CI, Okonji OC. Sub-Regional Variations in Sexually Transmitted Infections Manifesting as Vaginitis among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sub-Saharan Countries. Venereology. 2022; 1(3):245-261. https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030018
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkholuenetale, Michael, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, and Osaretin Christabel Okonji. 2022. "Sub-Regional Variations in Sexually Transmitted Infections Manifesting as Vaginitis among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sub-Saharan Countries" Venereology 1, no. 3: 245-261. https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030018