Fretting Corrosion Performance Evaluation of Uncoated Cladding, Cr Coating Cladding and AlCrNbSiTi Coating Cladding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experimental Equipment
2.3. Experimental Conditions and Parameters
- (1)
- Temperature: 300 °C;
- (2)
- Pressure: 9.5 MPa;
- (3)
- Water chemical environment: 650 ppm B + 3.5 ppm Li;
- (4)
- Normal force: 10 N;
- (5)
- Slip distance: 100 μm;
- (6)
- Frequency: 20 Hz;
- (7)
- Time: 2 × 106 times.
2.4. Microstructure Analysis of Experimental Samples
2.5. Analysis and Evaluation of Fretting Corrosion Data
3. Results
3.1. The Wear Marks Morphology and Contours
3.2. Microscopic Damage Mechanisms
3.2.1. Surface Morphology and Elemental Distribution of Wear Marks
3.2.2. Cross-Sectional Morphology and Elemental Distribution of Wear Marks
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The AlCrNbSiTi coating cladding has the best fretting corrosion performance, the Cr coating cladding has the second best fretting corrosion performance, and the uncoated cladding has the worst fretting corrosion performance.
- (2)
- The AlCrNbSiTi and Cr coatings alter the wear mechanism of the cladding, preventing adhesive wear and reducing abrasive wear. Additionally, they enhanced the cladding’s corrosion resistance by restricting oxygen’s penetration into the matrix. These two factors are primary contributors to the improvement in the cladding’s fretting corrosion performance.
- (3)
- The fretting corrosion performance of the AlCrNbSiTi coating cladding is slightly higher than that of the Cr coating cladding, and the higher hardness of the AlCrNbSiTi coating cladding almost completely prevents abrasive wear. Additionally, the AlCrNbSiTi coating cladding reduces oxidation due to its high corrosion resistance and avoids the peeling of the coating. On the other hand, severe oxidation occurs in the Cr coating cladding, which leads to the partial detachment of the Cr coating. This difference in fretting corrosion performance between these two types of coating cladding can be attributed to this reason.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PWRs | pressurized water reactors |
FIV | flow-induced vibration |
SEM | scanning electron microscope |
ATF | accident tolerant fuel |
WHE | the United States Westinghouse |
CEA | the French Atomic Energy Commission |
KAERI | Korea Atomic Energy Authority |
NPIC | China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute |
PVD | physics vapor deposition |
DC | direct current |
3D | three-dimensional |
2D | two-dimensional |
EDS | Energy Dispersive Spectrometer |
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Element | Zr | Sn | Nb | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|
content | 97.83 | 0.92 | 1.13 | 0.12 |
Element | Al | Cr | Nb | Si | Ti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
content | 8 | 49 | 12 | 12 | 19 |
Sample Type | Wear Volume (mm3) | Wear Coefficient (Pa−1) |
---|---|---|
uncoated cladding | 0.256 | 6.4 × 10−14 |
Cr coating cladding | 0.044 | 1.1 × 10−14 |
AlCrNbSiTi coating cladding | 0.022 | 5.5 × 10−15 |
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Liu, X.; Li, S.; Wang, H.; Tu, M.; Zhou, B.; Hu, Y. Fretting Corrosion Performance Evaluation of Uncoated Cladding, Cr Coating Cladding and AlCrNbSiTi Coating Cladding. Alloys 2023, 2, 227-241. https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys2040016
Liu X, Li S, Wang H, Tu M, Zhou B, Hu Y. Fretting Corrosion Performance Evaluation of Uncoated Cladding, Cr Coating Cladding and AlCrNbSiTi Coating Cladding. Alloys. 2023; 2(4):227-241. https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys2040016
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xin, Shen Li, Hui Wang, Menghe Tu, Bokai Zhou, and Yong Hu. 2023. "Fretting Corrosion Performance Evaluation of Uncoated Cladding, Cr Coating Cladding and AlCrNbSiTi Coating Cladding" Alloys 2, no. 4: 227-241. https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys2040016