Processing of Aluminum Alloy 6182 with High Scanning Speed in LPBF by In-Situ Alloying with Zr and Ti Powder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Materials and Processing
2.2. Characterization of the LPBF Parts
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Status Quo: Microstructural Analysis of the Printed Parts Manufactured with Pre-Alloyed 6182 Powder
3.2. Characterization of the Printed Parts, Manufactured with the Powder Mixture
4. Conclusions
- LPBF parts made of pre-alloyed 6182 powder (with 0.2 wt.-% each of Zr and Ti) reveals a columnar, epitaxially grown grain structure permeated with hot cracks;
- The powder mixture containing 0.7 wt.-% each of Zr and Ti was processed using LPBF. A crack-free microstructure was achieved, showing a relative density of 99.95 ± 0.05%;
- Unmolten or only partially molten Zr and Ti particles remain in the microstructure;
- An equiaxed microstructure with a grain size of 1.2 µm on the average was obtained in the as-built specimen;
- Orthorhombic D022 Al3(Ti,Zr) particles work effectively as an heterogeneous grain refiner for α-Al, evidenced by the coherent interface that was found between D022 particles and α-Al;
- In the as-built condition, the material exhibits an average yield strength of 155 ± 5 MPa with an elongation at break of 25.1 ± 1.8 %. After T6 heat treatment, an average yield strength of 294 ± 2 MPa with an elongation at break of 11.4 ± 0.9 % can be achieved.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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6182 | Powder Mixture | |
---|---|---|
Si (wt.-%) | 1.05 | 1.04 |
Mg (wt.-%) | 1.08 | 1.07 |
Mn (wt.-%) | 0.60 | 0.59 |
Fe (wt.-%) | 0.13 | 0.13 |
Ti (wt.-%) | 0.19 | 0.69 |
Zr (wt.-%) | 0.20 | 0.70 |
Al (wt.-%) | bal. | bal. |
6182 | Ti | Zr | |
---|---|---|---|
d10 (µm) | 22.6 | 20.2 | 24.4 |
d50 (µm) | 37.8 | 39.9 | 42.4 |
d90 (µm) | 57.0 | 51.9 | 52.0 |
Substrate plate temperature (°C) | 300 |
Laser power (W) | 520 |
Scanning speed (mm/sec) | 1600 |
Hatch distance (mm) | 0.13 |
Laser spot diameter (µm) | 105 |
Layer thickness (µm) | 50 |
Scanning strategy | Stripes in zig-zag pattern, 67° rotation between adjacent layers |
Hardness (HV3) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation at Break (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
As-Built | 62 ± 3 | 155 ± 5 | 191 ± 2 | 25.1 ± 1.8 |
T6 | 117 ± 1 | 294 ± 2 | 329 ± 4 | 11.4 ± 0.9 |
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Riener, K.; Nagler, A.; Letofsky-Papst, I.; Leichtfried, G. Processing of Aluminum Alloy 6182 with High Scanning Speed in LPBF by In-Situ Alloying with Zr and Ti Powder. Alloys 2022, 1, 277-287. https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys1030018
Riener K, Nagler A, Letofsky-Papst I, Leichtfried G. Processing of Aluminum Alloy 6182 with High Scanning Speed in LPBF by In-Situ Alloying with Zr and Ti Powder. Alloys. 2022; 1(3):277-287. https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys1030018
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiener, Kirstin, Alexander Nagler, Ilse Letofsky-Papst, and Gerhard Leichtfried. 2022. "Processing of Aluminum Alloy 6182 with High Scanning Speed in LPBF by In-Situ Alloying with Zr and Ti Powder" Alloys 1, no. 3: 277-287. https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys1030018