Machine Intelligent Hybrid Methods Based on Kalman Filter and Wavelet Transform for Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction

Wind power’s increasing penetration into the electricity grid poses several challenges for power system operators, primarily due to variability and unpredictability. Highly accurate wind predictions are needed to address this concern. Therefore, the performance of hybrid forecasting approaches combining autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), machine learning models (SVR, RF), wavelet transform (WT), and Kalman filter (KF) techniques is essential to examine. Comparing the proposed hybrid methods with available state-of-the-art algorithms shows that the proposed approach provides more accurate prediction results. The best model is a hybrid of KF-WT-ML with an average R2 score of $0.99967$ and RMSE of $0.03874$, followed by ARIMA-WT-ML with an average R2 of $0.99796$ and RMSE of $0.05863$ over different datasets. Moreover, the KF-WT-ML model evaluated on different terrains, including offshore and hilly regions, reveals that the proposed KF based hybrid provides accurate wind speed forecasts for both onshore and offshore wind data.