The Value of Food Waste: Citrus reticulata (Mandarin) Peel as a Potent Biological Agent †
Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 8th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry, 1–30 November 2022; Available online: https://ecmc2022.sciforum.net/ .
Med. Sci. Forum 2022, 14(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECMC2022-12916
Published: 26 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry)
Abstract
:Citrus reticulata (mandarin) is used in the food industry mainly for juice production, while its peel represents a byproduct with a high content of miscellaneous biologically active compounds. This research aimed to assess the antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities of different peel extracts of mandarin cultivated under natural conditions in the Montenegrin coastal region (Lastva Grbaljska). Mandarin fruits were collected in November 2017, and their extracts were prepared using acetone, methanol, and boiling distilled water as solvents. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, as well as the extracts’ antioxidant (using DPPH and total reducing power assays) and enzyme-inhibitory activities (using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase inhibition assays). The results indicated that the acetonic extract exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity (12.70%) while also showing the highest TPC (52.40 mg GAE/g) and TFC (13.05 mg QE/g), which is not surprising since acetone is known to extract highly biologically active flavonoid aglycones from plants. Although the aqueous extract had the lowest TPC and TFC, it exerted the highest reducing power (199.06 µmol AAE/g), as well as AChE inhibition activity (22.44%), indicating that other groups of phytochemicals besides phenolics, such as various classes of glycosides, are responsible for the displayed bioactivity. Moreover, none of the extracts inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase. Finally, this study suggests that mandarin peel should not be dismissed in food processing since it possesses a valuable medicinal potential that has yet to be further investigated.
Supplementary Materials
Conference poster. The supplementary file is available at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ECMC2022-12916/s1.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, S.D.-L.; methodology, M.O.P. and A.A.A.; validation, S.D.-L.; formal analysis, M.O.P. and S.D.-L.; investigation, M.O.P. and A.A.A.; resources, P.D.M.; data curation, M.O.P. and A.A.A.; writing—original draft preparation, M.O.P.; writing—review and editing, A.A.A. and P.D.M.; visualization, M.O.P.; supervision, S.D.-L.; project administration, S.D.-L.; funding acquisition, P.D.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia grant number [451-03-68/2022-14/200178].
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Oalđe Pavlović, M.; Alimpić Aradski, A.; Marin, P.D.; Duletić-Laušević, S. The Value of Food Waste: Citrus reticulata (Mandarin) Peel as a Potent Biological Agent. Med. Sci. Forum 2022, 14, 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECMC2022-12916
AMA Style
Oalđe Pavlović M, Alimpić Aradski A, Marin PD, Duletić-Laušević S. The Value of Food Waste: Citrus reticulata (Mandarin) Peel as a Potent Biological Agent. Medical Sciences Forum. 2022; 14(1):118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECMC2022-12916
Chicago/Turabian StyleOalđe Pavlović, Mariana, Ana Alimpić Aradski, Petar D. Marin, and Sonja Duletić-Laušević. 2022. "The Value of Food Waste: Citrus reticulata (Mandarin) Peel as a Potent Biological Agent" Medical Sciences Forum 14, no. 1: 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECMC2022-12916
