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Article

Optimization Study of the Electrical Microgrid for a Hybrid PV–Wind–Diesel–Storage System in an Island Environment

by
Fahad Maoulida
1,2,3,*,
Kassim Mohamed Aboudou
2,3,4,
Rabah Djedjig
2 and
Mohammed El Ganaoui
2
1
GREAH—Groupe de Recherche en Électrotechnique et Automatique du Havre, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76600 Le Havre, France
2
LERMAB—Laboratoire d’Études et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, F-54400 Longwy, France
3
LEMA—Laboratoire d’Énergie et Mécanique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université des Comores, Moroni BP 1656, Comoros
4
IREMIS—Institut de Recherche sur l’Enseignement des Mathématiques, de l’Informatique et des Sciences, Université de Mayotte, F-97660 Dembeni, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Solar 2025, 5(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar5030039
Submission received: 22 May 2025 / Revised: 12 June 2025 / Accepted: 11 July 2025 / Published: 4 August 2025

Abstract

The Union of the Comoros, located in the Indian Ocean, faces persistent energy challenges due to its geographic isolation, heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels, and underdeveloped electricity infrastructure. This study investigates the techno-economic optimization of a hybrid microgrid designed to supply electricity to a rural village in Grande Comore. The proposed system integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, a diesel generator, and battery storage. Detailed modeling and simulation were conducted using HOMER Energy, accompanied by a sensitivity analysis on solar irradiance, wind speed, and diesel price. The results indicate that the optimal configuration consists solely of PV and battery storage, meeting 100% of the annual electricity demand with a competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.563 USD/kWh and zero greenhouse gas emissions. Solar PV contributes over 99% of the total energy production, while wind and diesel components remain unused under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the system generates a substantial energy surplus of 63.7%, which could be leveraged for community applications such as water pumping, public lighting, or future system expansion. This study highlights the technical viability, economic competitiveness, and environmental sustainability of 100% solar microgrids for non-interconnected island territories. The approach provides a practical and replicable decision-support framework for decentralized energy planning in remote and vulnerable regions.
Keywords: solar microgrid; techno-economic optimization; off-grid systems; rural electrification; island energy systems; HOMER Energy; Union of the Comoros solar microgrid; techno-economic optimization; off-grid systems; rural electrification; island energy systems; HOMER Energy; Union of the Comoros

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Maoulida, F.; Aboudou, K.M.; Djedjig, R.; El Ganaoui, M. Optimization Study of the Electrical Microgrid for a Hybrid PV–Wind–Diesel–Storage System in an Island Environment. Solar 2025, 5, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar5030039

AMA Style

Maoulida F, Aboudou KM, Djedjig R, El Ganaoui M. Optimization Study of the Electrical Microgrid for a Hybrid PV–Wind–Diesel–Storage System in an Island Environment. Solar. 2025; 5(3):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar5030039

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maoulida, Fahad, Kassim Mohamed Aboudou, Rabah Djedjig, and Mohammed El Ganaoui. 2025. "Optimization Study of the Electrical Microgrid for a Hybrid PV–Wind–Diesel–Storage System in an Island Environment" Solar 5, no. 3: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar5030039

APA Style

Maoulida, F., Aboudou, K. M., Djedjig, R., & El Ganaoui, M. (2025). Optimization Study of the Electrical Microgrid for a Hybrid PV–Wind–Diesel–Storage System in an Island Environment. Solar, 5(3), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar5030039

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