Perspectives on Wider Integration of the Health-Assistive Smart Home
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Health-Smart Home
1.2. Accelerating the Integration of the Health Smart Home
2. Design Thinking
3. Stakeholder Groups
3.1. Older Adult, Family Caregivers & Frontline Healthcare Professionals
3.2. Multidisciplinary Research and Academic or Educator Roles
3.3. Social Workers
3.4. Health Care Organizations
3.5. Aged Care Industry
3.6. Computer Science & Electrical Engineering Teams
3.7. Companies and Start-Ups
3.8. Healthcare Policy Makers and Special Interest Groups
3.9. Master System Integrator
4. Implications for Design Thinking for Real-World Integration of the HSH
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stakeholder Group | Requirements for HSH Integration | Contribution to HSH Integration |
---|---|---|
Microsystem | ||
Older adult & family caregivers (critical at each phase) | Knowledge of the HSH, benefits, and potential challenges How the HSH can meet the goals/needs of an older adult and family caregivers Funding mechanism that addresses initial HSH cost and ongoing service/maintenance fees Offering different levels of HSH that can change with the worsening of chronic conditions | Can be early adopters to test the user-friendliness of the HSH and to determine the aspects still needed to meet their needs |
Frontline healthcare professionals (critical at idea generation, developing the prototype, testing the mechanism phases) | Education for older adults and their family caregivers Clinical workforce readiness to use HSH in care delivery | Trusted professions, prescribing/gatekeeping role Monitoring of health outcomes Contribute to workforce readiness |
Social workers (critical at idea generation phase) | Opportunities to collaborate with governmental and non-governmental agencies, policies, or services Connect with HSH stakeholders to share knowledge that may impact the integration of the HSH | Determine the social complexities that impact aging-in-place of the older adult; connect older adult governmental and non-governmental agencies, policies, or services |
Multidisciplinary research teams (critical at each phase) | Funding and supportive academic and clinical environments to conduct research Studies that show clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HSH Studies that show that the HSH is meeting the needs/expectations of older adults and family caregivers and clinicians | Findings from pragmatic clinical trials on the clinical effectiveness of the HSH The impact of HSH on older adults and family caregivers’ needs/desires; and clinician end-user experiences/perceptions regarding the HSH and clinical decision-making Cost-benefit analysis |
Academic or educator roles (critical at defining the problem, idea generation phases) | Increased digital literacy in health professional’s education standards Increased educational materials developed for the public about HSH and how it can support older adults and family caregivers | Development of curriculum for allied health professions; educational material for older adults and family caregivers, and education on the HSH |
Mesosystem | ||
Health care organizations (critical at defining the problem, idea, and testing phases) | New models of care delivery using HSH Enable prescriptions for HSH Robust technology infrastructure and supports | Development of new models of care Clinical policies and procedures |
Aged-care organizations (critical at defining the problem, idea generation, and testing phases) | Clinical workforce readiness to use HSH in care delivery Data visualizations that make sense for clinicians, and integration into existing electronic health record systems need a mechanism by which equitable access to the HSH is available to all older adults including low/lower income | Early adopters of HSH in retirement villages/apartments. Provides a platform to provide education to the public, older adults, and family caregivers Collaborate with the multidisciplinary research team |
HSH Companies: Computer science & electrical engineering teams, entrepreneurs, start-ups, companies (critical at all phases) | Clinical significance of monitored health behavior to refine machine learning Data visualizations that make sense for clinicians, and integration into existing electronic health record systems Privacy/data security Business development and strategies for scaling up | Development of algorithms & artificial intelligent agent Clinician dashboard Sensor development and further innovation (e.g., gait analysis in the home, accommodating for pets) Formation of start-up companies to advance the practical manufacturing of HSH with minimal cost and clinical effectiveness and user-friendliness for older adults, families, and the clinical workforce |
Master system integrator (MSI) (critical at developing the prototype, and testing phases) | Collaboration with technicians and building experts | Balances the depth and breadth of knowledge required to design and manage smart building systems on a short and long-term basis Connects the multidisciplinary team members with trade contractors and coordinates trade teams for effective design, implementation, and evaluation |
Macrosystem | ||
Health care policymakers (critical at empathizing, defining a problem, testing phases) | Policies and standards for the HSH if covered by aged care packages public health funding Integration of HSH into aged care packages/ public funding Policies and standards developed for privacy and data management of HSH data | Development of health care policy with corresponding mechanisms for prescribers and payment, ensuring that all older adults have access to the HSH |
Special interest groups/advocates (critical at Testing phase) | Knowledge and understanding of how the HSH can benefit | Advocacy, dissemination of education |
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Dermody, G.; Mikus, J.; Porock, D.; Sugarman, D.; Janjua, N.K.; How, C.; Fritz, R. Perspectives on Wider Integration of the Health-Assistive Smart Home. J. Ageing Longev. 2022, 2, 140-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2020013
Dermody G, Mikus J, Porock D, Sugarman D, Janjua NK, How C, Fritz R. Perspectives on Wider Integration of the Health-Assistive Smart Home. Journal of Ageing and Longevity. 2022; 2(2):140-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2020013
Chicago/Turabian StyleDermody, Gordana, Jenna Mikus, Davina Porock, Dov Sugarman, Naeem K. Janjua, Christopher How, and Roschelle Fritz. 2022. "Perspectives on Wider Integration of the Health-Assistive Smart Home" Journal of Ageing and Longevity 2, no. 2: 140-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jal2020013