Histomorphological Damage in the Small Intestine of Wami Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis) (Norman, 1922) Exposed to Microplastics Remain Long after Depuration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish Husbandry
2.2. PE MPs Characteristics and Preparation
2.3. Fish Exposure to and Recovery from PE MPs
2.4. Examination of PE MPs Ingestion and Retention
2.5. Intestinal Histomorphological Change Examination
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Ingestion and Retention of PE MPs after Exposure and Recovery Phase
3.2. Small Intestinal Histomorphological Changes after Exposure and Depuration Phase
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Importance Factor | Description |
---|---|
1 | Minimal pathological importance, the lesion is easily reversible as irritant ends |
2 | Moderate pathological importance, the lesion is reversible in most cases if the stressor is neutralized |
3 | Marked pathological importance, the lesion is generally irreversible |
Score Value | Description |
---|---|
1 | Unchanged |
2 | Mild occurrence |
3 | Moderate occurrence |
4 | Severe occurrence |
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Mbugani, J.J.; Machiwa, J.F.; Shilla, D.A.; Kimaro, W.; Joseph, D.; Khan, F.R. Histomorphological Damage in the Small Intestine of Wami Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis) (Norman, 1922) Exposed to Microplastics Remain Long after Depuration. Microplastics 2022, 1, 240-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1020017
Mbugani JJ, Machiwa JF, Shilla DA, Kimaro W, Joseph D, Khan FR. Histomorphological Damage in the Small Intestine of Wami Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis) (Norman, 1922) Exposed to Microplastics Remain Long after Depuration. Microplastics. 2022; 1(2):240-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1020017
Chicago/Turabian StyleMbugani, John J., John F. Machiwa, Daniel A. Shilla, Wahabu Kimaro, Dativa Joseph, and Farhan R. Khan. 2022. "Histomorphological Damage in the Small Intestine of Wami Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis) (Norman, 1922) Exposed to Microplastics Remain Long after Depuration" Microplastics 1, no. 2: 240-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1020017